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ThesisItem Open Access Relative variability in phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of golden Mahseer (Tor putitora) stocks of different habitats(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Pant, Bonika; Ram, R.N.Uttarakhand state is blessed with numbers of water bodies swirling and rumbling along the rugged mountains which harbour Golden mahseer, one of the 20 mega fishes of the world, an elusive and intelligent large cyprinid and the toughest among the fresh water sport fishes. In this milieu, the present study investigated the patterns of phenotypic and genotypic variations of Tor putitora in different habitats. The sampling sites included four lentic and lotic water bodies of the hilly state Uttarakhand and one captive stock of the target fish i.e. River Kosi, River Saryu, Lake Bhimtal, Nanak Sagar Reservoir and captive stock of DCFR Farm, Bhimtal. Biometrics revealed that River Kosi showed isometric growth (isomeric, b = 3.013) and the condition factor was highest in River Saryu (K=1.65) Phenotypic study was performed using Truss Measurement Network (TMN) of 14 landmarks making 31 characters which reported high degree of significant morphometric heterogeneity among the populations with size within landmarks and shape as major factors of divergence in lotic and lentic systems respectively. Between-groups Principal Component Analysis revealed that the first and second principal components accounted for 87.7 and 6.7% of variance respectively. All the 31 truss variables loaded heavily in the first factor. 91.8% of individuals were correctly classified in each original group for morphometric measurements of T.putitora. Morphometry of lentic, lotic and farmed systems formed separate clusters supporting the fact that environment plays a vital role in shaping the phenotypic characters. The study deciphered that Golden mahseer exhibits phenotype plasticity and truss measurement network has the potential to provide an alternative tool for the stock characterization. Genotypic study revealed lotic ecosystems have higher genetic diversity than lentic ecosystems. Microsatellite assay analysed 14% of molecular variance among populations, 3% of difference within populations and 83% of molecular variance within individuals. The study spells out the felicitousness of microsatellite markers as a simple, reliable and distinguished molecular tool for the diagnosis of genetic distinction. Studies of patterns of morphometric and genetic variations are complimentary and this knowledge is vital to ensure conservation and management of Golden mahseer.ThesisItem Open Access Some physiological and hormonal changes in relation to reproductive status of amur common carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) in tarai region of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-07) Soranganba, Ningthoukhongjam; Singh, I.J.The present investigation was conducted to study the correlation of reproductive profile with physiological indices (GSI, HSI, K, Ks), steroidal hormonal patterns (T, E2, DHP, cortisol) and biochemical parameters (TP, CHO, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, PHO) in blood plasma/serum, muscle, gonadal and hepatic tissues in 1+ and 2+ year’s age groups and hormonal and biochemical parameters of blood samples in 0+ year’s age group specimen of Amur common carp, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Water quality parameters were recorded on seasonal basis. Sampling for 1+ and 2+ year’s age groups were carried out in four different seasons – summer (July), autumn (October), winter (January) and spring (March) whereas sampling for 0+ year’s age groups was conducted during summer, autumn and winter seasons. Estimation of steroidal hormone was carried out using RP-HPLC and analytical kit method for biochemical studies. In 0+ year’s age group, plasma T and cortisol levels were detected in all three seasons whereas plasma E2 and DHP levels were detected only during winter season. All the biochemical parameters (except serum TP) showed an increasing trend from the initial detection in summer until winter season. Comparison of physiological profiles in 1+ and 2+ year’s age groups of Amur common carp revealed two major peak periods - spring season and summer season. There was inverse correlation of GSI and HSI in all seasons irrespective of age and sex. The hormonal and biochemical changes showed significant positive correlation with GSI. The physiological indices, hormonal and biochemical changes were observed to be of higher amplitude in 2+ year’s age group specimens than 1+ year’s age group except HSI. Based on the present study, it may be inferred that onset of maturity in 0+year’s old Amur common carp might start as soon as in next 3-4 months from hatching but could not reach to final maturity within six months as observed in Cyprinus carpio. Seasonal changes in hormones and biochemical parameters were found to have profound effect on the scale of reproductive success of Amur common carp, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus, during spring and summer seasons and 2+ year’s age group showed better reproductive potential.ThesisItem Open Access Reproductive profile of common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. communis) in relation to age(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-06) Sharma, Lovedeep; Ram, R.N.The present study was conducted at College of Fisheries, of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology. The investigation consisted of evaluation of effect of age on reproductive performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio var.communis) broodstock during September, 2017 to March, 2018. Two age groups (virgin and +1 year) were selected for the study. Samplings were done monthly for recording different growth and reproductive characteristics of both male and female. Conditions of both groups were satisfactory in the environment based on condition factor which was always greater than one in both virgin and +1 year and somatic condition factor. GSI and HSI had a negative relationship in both age groups. No significant effect of male age was recorded on its reproductive performance in both age groups, except spermatocrit which was significantly different in both groups. In female the age had shown a positive effect on fecundity as well as ova diameter. Ova diameter and absolute fecundity both had positive relationship with age, while relative fecundity decreased with age and was higher in virgin group females. Fertilization, hatching and survival rate showed a positive increase with age. Fertilization had a positive correlation with ova diameter. The overall progeny performance had shown that +1 year group was better than virgin group. The present study states that age consideration of broodstock may support for high quality production.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of antioxidant, immunostimulatory Ficus racemosa on growth and health of carp fingerlings(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-06) Tamta, Ekta; Saxena, AmitaThe present study was conducted to study the effects of Ficus racemosa on the fingerlings of Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala. A total of 1500 carp fingerlings with average weight 25 g were randomly dived into four groups. After one week of acclimatization period, gullar powder incorporated in the fish diet at the rate 10% ,20% and 30 of total feed were given for a period 90 days in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Growth parameters (Weight gain, Survival rate, SGR, FCR, FCE, CF), Serum biochemical parameters (Total serum protein, albumin, globulin, ceratinine, cholesterol, urea, Ca and P), haematological parameters (Hb, TLC, TEC, PCV,MCV, MCH, MCHC), muscle proximate composition (Total protein, fat, ash and moisture) were analyzed at regular time interval. Also the water quality parameters were analyzed during the study. All the growth parametrs(Weight gain, Survival rate, SGR, FCR, FCE, CF) increased maximum for T3 group(30%) except for the control group. Haematological parameters showed an increasing trend in contrast to the control group. Serum biochemical parameters (Total serum protein, albumin, globulin, ceratinine, cholesterol, urea, Ca and P) showed appreciable increase in all the three groups in contrast to the control group. There was appreciable increase in the muscle proximate composition, indicating that Ficus racemosa added to the feed of fish fingerlings were effective for health, survival and growthThesisItem Open Access Effect of growth related parameter, fecundity and fishing methods responsible for the rational management of fisheries from the Baigul reservoir of distt- Udham Singh Nagar(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Majhi, Uday Singh; Upadhyay, A.K.ThesisItem Open Access Haematological and biochemical changes in Cirrhinus mrigala (Nain) in relation to season, sex and reproductive status(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-07) Ratnakar, Sneha; Singh, I.J.Some haematological and biochemical parameters of the fish Nain, Cirrhinus mrigala, collected from Instructional Fish Farm, College of Fisheries, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar India were studied from October 2015 to June 2016. Variations in haematological parameters such as haemoglobin, Total Erythrocyte Count, Total Leucocytes Count, haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and Biochemical parameters total protein, albumin and globulin of this fish were compared in relation to season, sex and reproductive status. Observations showed that there was significant difference between these parameters and the season. The results indicated that the blood parameter levels of most of the parameters were significantly different in both the sexes in summer (pre-spawning season) than other seasons except Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Volume in males (MCV) value (P <0.05). The number of total leukocyte was found to be higher in female fish especially in pre spawning season (summer) but the levels of Total Erythrocyte Count, haemoglobin, haematocrit MCV and MCH values were high in male fish during over all study period. However, there was no difference in MCH and MCHC values between the sexes and seasons throughout the study period. This might be due to the reason that seasons of sampling and physiological cycles were changing during these months. No significant difference was found in haematological parameters in both male and female fishes (P˃0.05). In conclusion, the present study showed that the haematological and biochemical parameters in blood of Cirrhinus mrigala were correlated with the seasons and reproductive status but despite there being contrary differences in the values of these parameters studied in both the sexes of this but the differences remained insignificant.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on selected heavy metals in fish, sediments and water of Kosi and Sharda rivers of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-07) Manish Kumar; Saxena, AmitaThesisItem Open Access Study of biodiversity and microbial load in rivers Kosi and Sharda(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Naganyal, Archana; Saxena, AmitaThesisItem Open Access Analysis of genetic diversity of Labeo rohita from selected zones of river Ganga and its comparison with cultured stock(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-05) Joshi, Deepak; Ram, R.N.The present study was conducted to investigate the level of polymorphism and genetic diversity in natural population of Labeo rohita collected from selected zones of River Ganga (from Haridwar and Kanpur region) and also in the cultured population (from Instructional Fish Farm of College of Fisheries, Pantnagar) using microsatellite DNA markers. 5 primers out of 10 produced amplicons and were selected for primary screening and further genetic analysis of the population. On the basis of the values of Average Nei’s Genetic Diversity, observed and expected heterozygosity, fixation index, Shannon’s information index and cluster analysis obtained by microsatellite marker technique, the present study is the indicative of the fact that the stock of L. rohita of Haridwar region of River Ganga is more genetically diverse and genetically differentiated as compared to the stock of Kanpur region as these sites are distantly located and having negligible chance of exchange of gene pool with each other which is responsible for weak sub-structuring of stocks. Genetic variation observed between the two riverine sites may also be caused due to high level of anthropogenic activities in Kanpur region thereby causing blockage of fish movement as well destruction of breeding grounds thus hampering the proper mating within the population and also reducing effective population size. The present finding also indicates that L rohita samples collected from riverine system showed very high level of genetic diversity and negligible inbreeding in comparison to the population present in captivity. The lesser value of heterozygosity and increased inbreeding in population of L rohita from culture as compared to wild might be due increase in incidents of repeated breeding in successive generations owing to lack of regular germplasm exchange of appropriate genetic diversity. Genetic diversity analysis also revealed substantial changes in genetic variation and significant genetic distance between the wild and farm-produced populations of L. rohita.