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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of certain weed species extracts on protein profile in different varieties of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-07) Sarika; Rao, P.B.Allelopathy involves any direct or indirect harmful effect of one plant through release of chemical compounds on other. Allelopathic chemicals can also persist in soil, affecting both neighbouring plants as well as those planted in succession. Weeds are obnoxious, unwanted, ugly and persistent plants which are injurious for the crop, interfere with agricultural operations, increasing cost of labour and finally reducing the crop yield. Weeds utilize more nutrients and water than the crop plants. Weeds have allelopathic effect on crop and can result in complete crop failure. The present study deals with the allelopathic effect of four important weed species viz., Ageratum conyzoides L., Chenopodium album L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., and Parthenium hysterophorus L. on seed germination, seedling length and dry weight; total protein content and on protein profile in six different varieties i.e., Pant Anupama, Pant Bean-2, Contender, Arkakomal, HAFB-1 and HAFB-2 of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The extracts of different weed species showed both positive and negative effect on different parameters (seed germination, seedling growth both in terms of length and dry weight; total protein content and protein profile) in different varieties of french bean. The maximum per cent reduction in seed germination was observed in HAFB-2 with extract of C. album, and minimum in Pant Anupama and Pant Bean-2 indicating that former one is highly susceptible variety and Pant Anupama and Pant Bean-2 were resistant. On the basis of per cent reduction in different parameters of seedlings of different varieties were classified into three categories namely resistant, susceptible and intermediate in response to different extracts of weeds, HAFB-2 was susceptible and HAFB-1 was resistant and rest of the varieties intermediate in terms of plumule length; Arkakomal was susceptible and HAFB-1 was resistant and intermediate in rest of the varieties in terms of radicle length; HAFB-1 was susceptible and HAFB-2 was resistant and intermediate in rest of the varieties in terms of plumule dry weight; Contender was susceptible and Arkakomal was resistant in terms of radicle dry weight; and Contender was susceptible and Pant Bean-2 was resistant in terms of total seedlings dry weight. Among different varieties of french bean, the extract of C. album showed maximum per cent reduction in both plumule and radicle both in terms of length and dry weight whereas the extract of C. dactylon showed positive effect. Due to the effect of allelochemicals, the total protein content increased on decreased in treated seedlings as compared to control. Among different varieties, in which the total protein content was increased was maximum in Pant Anupama (100%) and was minimum in Contender, Arkakomal and HAFB-1 (25%, each). The total number of bands present in different zones (A,B and C) were either increased or decreased or remain same when treated with different weed extracts compared to control. On the basis of above study, the variety Pant Anupama, Arkakomal, HAFB-1 and HAFB-2 were susceptible and Pant Bean-2 and Contender were resistant to different weed extracts. On the basis of presence or absence of protein bands present in both treatments with the control, similarity index is calculated and indicated that the effect of weed extract was more similar with C. album× c. dactylon (46.6%) in Pant Bean-2 and less similar in control × P. hysterophorus (18.5%) in Arkakomal.ThesisItem Open Access Bioactivity of certain selected composites on fungal pathogens(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-07) Bisht, Shefali; Rao, P.B.Mounting pressure of teeming population and shrinking land resources have necessitated the production of more food per unit area. Synthetic pesticides have played a major role in restricting pest problems and ensuring an increase in food grain production. However, the indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides have created several problems of pest resistance, food contamination by toxic residuce (Subash Chander and Munshi, 1995) environmental pollution, pest resurgence and resistance (Schumtterer et al., 1990). Recently, the use of bioactive products of plants is being popularized to control the pests, as these are safer, cheaper and their crude extracts are quite easy to prepare. In the present study, an attempt is being made to screen five different members of family Compositae (Asteraceae) for their antifungal efficacy, by „Paper-Disc‟ agar method, in different organic solvents (methanol and acetone) and aqueous extracts at different concentrations (1000 g ml-1), and time intervals. The results obtained showed that the extracts of the selected composites inhibited the growth of one or the other fungus, in different extracts to certain degrees at different time intervals and concentrations except the aqueous extracts of Ageratum conyzoides and Tagetus erecta that has no effect on Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria heterosporus respectively. Acetone extract of T. erecta was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Alternaria heterosphorus, followed by the acetone extract of Cirsium arevensis and methanol extract of Parthenium hysterophorus. The methanol extract of A. conyzoides was the most active against Fusarium oxysporum. Rhizoctonia solani was most inhibited by the methanol extract of A. conyzoides, followed by acetone extract of C. arvensis. The acetone extract of A. conyzoides proved to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii followed by acetone extract of T. erecta. Thus, the above mentioned results clearly indicate that there is a vast potential in the botanicals to be used safely against pests.