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Open Access
Effect of nano-sized gypsum on growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-12) Rawat, Anupama; Singh, Vijay Pal
A field experiment entitled “Effect of nano-sized gypsum on growth and productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)” was conducted at the Norman E Borlaug Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (U.S Nagar) From November 2016 to April 2017. Surface Soil (0-15 cm) of the experiment field was silty clay loam in texture, medium in organic carbon (0.72%), low in available N (218.59 kg/ha), medium in available P (12.53 kg/ha) and medium in available K (149.56 kg/ha) with neutral soil reaction (pH 7.3). In addition to the field experiment two laboratory experiment entitled “Effect of nano-sized gypsum on germination of wheat” and “Effect of nano-sized gypsum blended MS media solution on seedling growth of wheat” was conducted simultaneously to investigate the effect of nano-sized gypsum on emergence and initial seedling growth more precisely. The field experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 3 replications while both the laboratory experiment was conducted in CRD each with 3 replications. For the experiment variety DPW 621-50 was used. The laboratory studies suggest that seed treatment with 100ppm nano-sized gypsum enhances germination and further seedling growth of wheat. In the field experiment it was found that 75% of RDF along with nano-sized gypsum and clay based nano-sized gypsum produced yield at par with 100 % RDF, thus saving 25 % of the RDF. Similarly among plant based nano-sized gypsum, Parthenium based nano-sized gypsum along with 75% of RDF gives promising results. High yield in nano-sized gypsum (4 t/ha), Parthenium based (3.73 t/ha) and clay based nano-sized gypsum (4.07 t/ha) was due to high photosynthetic surface i.e. leaf area index and high yield attributing characters. Hence, 75% of RDF along with nano-sized gypsum or clay based nano-sized gypsum can be recommended to the farmer.
Open Access
Cropping system for sustainable fodder and bioenergy production
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-11) Prajapati, Brajkishor; Kewalanand
A field experiment was conducted at the Sorghum Agronomy Block of Instructional Dairy Farm, Nagla of the Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (U. S. Nagar), Uttarakhand, India, during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The treatments consisted of 12 fodder crop rotations (single cut sorghum+cowpea-oat+berseem-single cut sorghum+cowpea (control), sweet sorghum+rice bean-oat+berseem-sweet sorghum+cowpea, sweet sorgum+phillipesara- 6 row barley+berseem-sweet sorgum+cowpea, sweet sorghum+phillipesara- 2 row barley+berseem-sweet sorghum+ cowpea, sweet sorghum+cowpea-rye grass+berseem-sweet sorghum+cowpea, pearl millet+rice beanoat+berseem-sweet sorghum+cowpea, pearl millet+ phillipesara-6 row barley+berseemmaize+cowpea, pearl millet+cowpea-rye grass+berseem-maize+cowpea, maize+rice beanoat+berseem-maize+cowpea, -maize+phillipesara-6 row barley+berseem-maize+cowpea, maize+cowpea-rye grass+berseem-maize+cowpea, hybrid napier-hybrid-napier+berseemhybrid napier) were tested in randomized block design with three replication. Season wise total yield of intercropping system was highest due to hybrid napier, sweet sorghum+cowpea (kharif), rye grass+berseem (rabi) and in summer sweet sorghum+cowpea. Kharif season, fodder mixture from maize+cowpea intercropping system contained higher crude protein and digestible dry matter content. Other quality traits, dry matter intake (DMI), cell content, relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy (NEl), metabolizable energy (ME) and mineral content was more in fodder mixture of sweet sorghum+cowpea intercropping system. Total yield of rotation viz., green fodder, dry fodder, crude protein, digestible dry matter, mineral and organic matter, cropping system productivity (q/ha/day), land use efficiency (LUE), heat energy and carbon sequestration was more in hybrid napier-hybrid-napier+berseem-hybrid napier crop sequence followed by sweet sorghum+cowpea-rye grass+berseem-sweet sorghum+cowpea crop rotation Highest biogas production was observed in the substrates of hybrid napier and pearl millet crop compared to other crop substrates. On the basis of the present investigation it is conclude that hybrid napier based crop rotation or sweet sorghum+cowpea-rye grass+berseem-sweet sorghum+cowpea cropping sequences are best to get higher yield, quality fodder and soil health.
Open Access
Weed management in direct seeded rice and Brahmi intercropping system in rotation with zero-till wheat
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Joshi, Neeshu; Pande, Sunita T.
The above study was conducted at N.E.Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttrakhand) during two consecutive years (2015-16 and 201617). The experiment was set out in randomized block design with three replications. Total ten treatments allocated to direct seeded rice and brahmi intercropping were (1) 1:1 pendimethalin as pre-emergence (2) 1:1 pendimethalin fb twice hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS/DAP (3) 1:1 pendimethalin fb cyhalofopbutyl supplemented with hand weeding at 45 DAS/DAP (4) 1:1 weedy check (5) 2:1 pendimethalin as pre-emergence (6) 2:1 pendimethalin fb twice hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS/DAP (7) 2:1 pendimethalin fb cyhalofop-butyl supplemented with hand weeding at 45 DAS/DAP (8) 2:1 weedy check (9) sole rice (10) sole brahmi. Results revealed that among various treatments, paired series (2:1) of direct seeded rice and brahmi along with pendimethalin as pre emergence fb cyhalofop-butyl as post emergence fb one hand weeding at 45 DAS was found superior in terms of reduction in total weed density and dry matter accumulation of weeds and also higher WCE. Sole rice (pendimethalin fb cyhalofop-butyl fb hand weeding at 45 DAS/DAP) recorded highest value for growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield (5.30 and 6.56 t/ha in 2015-16 and 2016-17) followed by paired ratio (2:1) along with pre and post-emergence herbicide supplemented with hand weeding at 45 DAS (4.81 and 5.75 t/ha in 2015-16 and 2016-17) over all the treatments. Sole brahmi (3 hand weeding at 30,45 and 60 DAP) recorded maximum dry herbage yield (2.07 and 2.35 t/ha in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively) followed by alternate row (1:1) ratio along with pendimethalin as pre emergence fb cyhalofop-butyl as post emergence supplemented with one hand weeding at 45 DAP (2.00 and 2.12 t/ha in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively). Maximum value of intercropping parameters viz., LER, ATER, RCC, Aggressivity, RYT and competition ratio were recorded in paired (2:1) ratio along with sequential application of pendimethalin as pre fb cyhalofop-butyl as post supplemented with one hand weeding at 45 DAS/DAP. Significantly higher value of soil N, P, K content and enzyme activity (viz., urease, dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase) were recorded in sole brahmi (3 hand weeding at 30,45 and 60 DAP) during both the years. The higher benefit cost ratio (9.41 and 11.07 in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively) were registered in alternate (1:1) ratio along with sequential application of pendimethalin fb cyhalofop-butyl fb one hand weeding at 45 DAS/DAP. Significant differences were observed in total weed density and dry weight and WCE in succeeding zero-till wheat which were treated by various combination of herbicides during previous year in rice+brahmi intercropping treatments. Highest WCE was recorded in sole brahmi (3 hand weeding at 30,45 and 60 DAP) which was significantly superior than other treatments during both the years. Highest value of yield attributes and grain yield (5.20 and 5.50 t/ha in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively) of wheat was recorded in sole wheat which was at par with both row ratios along with sequential application of pendimethalin fb cyhalofop-butyl fb hand weeding at 45 DAS while brahmi dry herbage yield (1.87 and 1.80 t/ha in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively) was significantly superior than other treatments during both the years. Higher benefit cost ratio in succeeding zero-till wheat was found in alternate ratio of 1:1 (8.46 and 8.76 in 2015-16 and 2016-17,respectively) as compared to 2:1 series of rice and brahmi and sole crop of rice and brahmi.
Open Access
Studies on crop intensification and establishment techniques in rice-wheat cropping system under irrigated condition
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Sethi, Indu Bala; Singh, Rohitashav
Open Access
Irrigation scheduling in mentha (Mentha arvensis L.) based relay and sequential cropping with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Saha, Tanay; Singh, Gurvinder
Field experiment was conducted at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), India during rabi and summer season, 2013-14 to assess the impact of irrigation scheduling on menthol mint based cropping systems on growth, yield, water use efficiency and economics. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture, neutral in reaction (6.9), rich in organic carbon (1.07), low in available nitrogen (232.1) and high in available phosphorus (26.3) and potassium (286.7). The bulk density of the top 0-15 cm soil was 1.46 Mg/m3. The basic infiltration rate was 1.3 cm/hour. Twelve treatments combinations comprising of three cropping systems (timely planted menthol mint, wheat + menthol mint relay system and wheat–late transplanted mint sequential cropping system) and four irrigation schedules (IW:CPE ratio 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2) were set in a Factorial Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. Mint crop under various cropping systems expressed variation due to different irrigation schedules. Timely planting of mint in sole stand achieved the maximum values of all the growth parameters, with an exception in leaf stem ratio and root shoot ratio. In terms of herbage and oil yields, sole mint crop proved to the best. Whereas, it recorded the lowest oil content. The maximum oil content was scored by transplanted mint. An increasing trend in plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, number of green leaves, crop growth rate and herbage and oil yield was observed with every successive increase in level of irrigations, with maximum values at IW: CPE ratio 1.2 . However, oil yield, leaf stem ratio and root shoot ratio expressed a declining trend. From system productivity point of view, wheat + mint relay cropping system was found to be the best as it recorded the maximum mint oil equivalent yield (MOEY). The minimum MOEY was obtained from timely planted sole mint. The relay cropping system also managed to score higher monetary returns and benefit cost ratio. Sole mint and wheat-transplanted mint exhibited non-significant variations in B:C ratio. Relay cropping also offered the highest water productivity and water use efficiency. Irrigation at IW:CPE ratio 1.2 led to the maximum MOEY. For B:C ratio and water use efficiency, IW:CPE ratio 1.2 and 1.0 proved to be the best. Interaction among cropping systems and irrigation schedules revealed that relay cropping of mint with wheat paired with irrigation at IW: CPE ratio 1.0 could be a better option in terms of equivalent oil yield.
Open Access
Influence of integrated crop management practices on the performance of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-01) Suresh; Singh, V.K.
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-14 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre (CRC) of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, to study the effect of different integrated crop management practices on growth and development, yield and quality of field pea. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, having medium organic carbon (0.57%), available nitrogen (286.9 kg N /ha), available phosphorus (16.1 kg P/ha) and available potassium (251.1 kg K/ha) contents with neutral pH (7.4). The experiment consisted of eight crop management practices viz. control, INM (Integrated Nutrient Management): (RDF [Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (18:48:24 kg N, P2O5& K2O/ha)] + seed inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB [Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (KB-133)] @ 20 g/kg seed each), IWM (Integrated Weed Management): (Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha. + 1 hand weeding, 30 DAS), IPM (Integrated Pest Management): (Seed treatment with fungicide + disease and insect-pest management as and when required), INM + IWM, INM + IPM, IWM + IPM, INM +IWM + IPM was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Pant P. 14 variety of field was sown on October 29, 2013, 30 cm apart and harvested on March 21, 2014. Culture operations were followed as per treatment. Results revealed that growth attributes viz.; effective control of weeds (in terms of population and dry weight) was achieved by INM+IWM+IPM practices, number of branches and dry matter accumulation of field pea was higher under INM +IWM + IPM than control. Integration of INM+IWM+IPM practices increased the number of pods per plant, grain weight per plant, straw yield, biological yield, grain: straw ratio and harvest index significantly over control. This practice, being at par with that of INM+IWM recorded significantly higher field pea grain yield over control. N, P and K contents in grain and straw and protein content in grains were not influenced significantly by different integrated crop management practices. A significant increase in N, P and K uptake by crop and protein yield was noticed under combined use of nutrient, weed and pest management practices than (INM+IWM+IPM) those of control and remaining treatments.
Open Access
Herbicides combination for control of complex weed flora in transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Kailkhura, Siddhant; Tej Pratap
A field experiment was conducted durig kharif season of 2014 in D2 block of N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Center of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to evaluate “Herbicides combination for control of complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. The experiment was aimed to find out the efficacy of different herbicides alone and in combination for weed control in transplanted rice. The soil of the experimental site was silty loam having high organic carbon (0.89%), low available nitrogen (244.6 kg/ha), medium available phosphorus (22.4 kg/ha) and available potassium (215.6 kg/ha). Rice variety “Narendra 359” was transplanted in the main field on June 27th 2014 and harvested on October 17th 2014. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications to evaluate twelve treatments viz. bispyribac-sodium 25g/ha, penoxsulam 24% SC 22.5 g/ha, bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha + ethoxysulfuron18.75 g/ha, bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha + ready mix of chlorimuron ethyl and metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha, pretilachlor 750 g/ha fb ethoxysulfuron 18.75 g/ha, pretilachlor 750 g/ha fb ready mix of chlorimuron ethyl and metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha, pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ha fb readymix of chlorimuron ethyl and metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha, ready mix mixture of penoxsulam + cyahalofop butyl 6% OD 135 g/ha, ready mix mixture of triafamone + ethoxysulfuron 60 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha, hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAT and weedy check. The major weed species in the experimental plot were Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-galli, Leptochloa chinensis, Ischaemum rugosum, Panicum maximum, Caesulia axillaris, Ammania baccifera, Alternanthra sessilis, Cyperus iria and Cyperus difformis. Pretilachlor 750 g/ha fb ethoxysulfuron 18.75 g/ha was most effective in reducing the weed density and pendimethalin 750g/ha fb bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha was most effective in minimizing the weed dry matter accumulation as compared to other treatments. The yield and yield attributing characters were influenced according to the effectiveness of the treatments. Pendimethalin 750g/ha fb bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha recorded the highest grain yield followed by ready mix of penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl 135g/ha. Lowest grain yield was recorded under weedy check. The highest benefit cost ratio was recorded with penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl 135 g/ha which was closely followed by pendimethalin 750 g/ha fb bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha. The results suggest that herbicidal combinations can be used as an alternative when labour is a limiting and costly factor in the cultivation of transplanted rice.
Open Access
Productivity and soil health under different tillage and nutrient management practices in rice-wheat cropping system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Singh, Ankush; Chaturvedi, Sumit
The field experiment was conducted to study the productivity and soil health under different tillage and nutrient management practices in rice-wheat cropping system during Kharif and Rabi season of 2013-14 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment consisted six treatments having different tillage and nutrient management practices viz., Conventional tillage (CTR-CTW) with recommended fertilizers, Conventional tillage (CTR-CTW) with recommended fertilizers along with GM in rice, Conventional tillage (CTR-CTW) with recommended fertilizers along with 10% extra N, Reduced tillage (DSR-ZTW) along with recommended fertilizers, Reduced tillage (DSR-ZTW) with RDF along with 10% extra N and Zero tillage (ZTR-ZTW) with recommended fertilizers along with 10 % extra N and FYM+ 30 % residue retention and was replicated three times in randomized block design. Rice variety PR 113 and wheat variety PBW 343 were used for the experiment. The experimental soil was loam in texture, having high organic carbon and medium available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents with neutral soil pH. The result apparently indicated that the conventional tillage (CTR-CTW) with recommendad fertilizers along with GM in rice were significant in crop growth, yield attributes and grain yield varied with and similarly higher nutrient uptake was found significantly higher in same pattern but was at par with zero tillage (ZTR-ZTW) with recommended fertilizers along with 10% extra N and 2t FYM+ 30 per cent residue retention. The total system productivity i.e., lowest energy conservation and highest net return and benefit cost ratio were observed under zero tillage (ZTR-ZTW) with recommended fertilizers along with 10% extra N and 2t FYM+ 30 per cent residue retention. So, it is concluded that higher system productivity, better soil health, efficient energy utilization and attractive economics under rice-wheat cropping system was obtained by following the organically synthesized modules viz., T6 (ZT+RDF+10% extra N+2t FYM) and T2 (CT+RDF+GM in rice) in rice and wheat. Direct seeding and zero tillage were outperfered conventional tillage system both in rice and wheat.
Open Access
Response of a new cultivar of Indian mustard (rgn-73) to fertility levels
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Amit Kumar; Mahapatra, B.S.
In order to evaluate the growth, yield and quality of Indian mustard cultivar RGN- 73 at varying fertility levels under tarai conditions of Uttarakhand, a field experiment was conducted at the N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of the G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during Rabi season of 2014-15. The experiment was conducted on a silty clay loam soil with moderate availability of nutrients with twelve fertility levels of NPK (N: 60, 80 and 100kg/ha, P2O5: 20 and 40 kg/ha, K2O: 0 and 30kg/ha) with three replications. Different fertility levels of NPK did not have any significant influence on plant height at different stages of crop growth. However, dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches, LAI, CGR ant RGR showed significant effect of fertility levels applied with maximum in case of (100:40:30 N:P2O5:K2O) and minimum at lowest fertility levels (60:20:0 N:P2O5:K2O) applied. Yield and yield attributing characters along with biological yield and harvest index were also showed significant differences with fertility levels and like growth characters, highest values were also recorded in case of highest fertility levels (100:40:30 N:P2O5:K2O). At higher level of N (100 kg/ha), an increased P by 20 kg/ha and K by 30 kg/ha, resulted significant increase in seed yield of Indian mustard over 60:20:0 (N:P2O5:K2O). The similar was the results for NP and K uptake, B:C ratio. From the above study it could be inferred that N:P2O5: K2O levels of 100:40:30 produced maximum yield and showed highest B:C ratio under tarai conditions of Uttarakhand for the mustard variety RGN-73.

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