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Open Access
Nutrient management studies on productivity and profitability in spring planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-08) Rajiv Kumar; Singh, Dheer
A field experiment entitled “Nutrient management studies on productivity and profitability in spring planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)” was conducted at Norman E. Borlog Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, India during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Treated setts of sugarcane verity Co Pant 90223 were planted at 75 cm apart row to row on 10th March during 2011-12 and on 02nd March during 2012-13 by furrow method. An experiment was conducted in Randomized block design with three replications. The soil of the experiment was silty clay loam, rich in organic carbon (1.11%), soil available N (224.1 kg/ha), P2O5 (42.8 kg/ha), K2O (258.6 kg/ha) and S (47 kg/ha). The level of other nutrient were in soil Zn (2.0 mg/kg), Fe (36.2 mg/kg) and Mn (35.8 mg/kg), the soil was neutral in pH (7.3). Total 12 treatments i.e. T1 – control, T2 – N, T3 – NP, T4 – NPK, T5 – NPK+S, T6 – NPK+Zn, T7 – NPK+Fe, T8 – NPK+Mn, T9 – NPK+S+Zn,T10 NPK+S+Zn+Fe, T11- NPK+S+Zn+Fe+Mn and T12 – FYM (20 t/ha). Doses of different nutrients were applied as N-120, P-60, K-40, S-40, Zn-25, Mn -50 kg/ha; Fe was applied 1% spray thrice at weekly interval at vegetative stage. Half of the N along with all other nutrients were applied as basal at the time of planting in furrows and remaining half of the N was applied in two splits up to 90 DAP (before onset of the monsoon) last week of June. Highest cane yield 108.7 t/ha during 2011-12 and 109.4 t/ha during 2012-13 was recorded from T9 – NPK+S+Zn treatment which was significantly higher over the rest of the treatments except. T6, T7, T10 and T11 during 2011-12 and during 2012-13 in T10 and T11. The highest yield in this treatment was due to higher NMC, higher cane girth, and higher cane length. The higher NMC was due to higher shoot population. Higher shoot population was the result of higher initial emergence with less mortality at harvest in the shoot. CCS yield was also highest in this treatment. There was an increase in cane with the application of different macro and micro nutrients. B: C ratio was highest (1.72) in the treatment T7. The increase in cane yield in T-9 over control was 61% during 2011-12 and 61.24% during 2012-13.
Open Access
Studies on zinc, iron and organic fertilization in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2016-10) Shalini; Singh, V.P.
The above study was conducted at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during two consecutive years (2014-15 and 2015-16) to assess the performance of direct dry seeded rice (irrigated ecosystem) under micronutrients and organic manures application and their residual effect on succeeding wheat. The soil was silty clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.7) with low in available nitrogen (236.5 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (19.6 Kg ha-1) and potassium (178.9 Kg ha-1). The experiment was set out in randomized block design with three replications. Total fourteen treatments were allotted to rice crop consisting of (1) Absolute control (2) RDF120:60:40 (control) (3) RDF + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 (4) RDF + 1 foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 (5) RDF + soil application of FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 (6) RDF + 3 foliar spray of 1% FeSO4 (7) RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 (8) RDF + 1 Foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 + 3 Foliar Spray of 1% FeSO4 (9) RDF + 3.0 t vermicompost (10) RDF + 5.0 t FYM (11) RDF + brown manure (12) RDF + brown manure + 1.5 t vermicompost (13) RDF + brown manure + 2.5 t FYM and (14) RDF + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 (Transplanted rice). Rice variety NDR 359 and wheat PBW 502 were used. Wheat was grown with recommended dose of N, P, K 150:60:40 Kg ha-1 and the experiment was conducted on a fixed site over two cropping cycles in order to study the residual effect of various treatments applied in rice. Results revealed that among various treatments, RDF + BM + 1.5 t VC was found significantly superior in terms of growth parameters, yield attributes (except number of grain per panicle, sterility percentage and panicle length) grain yield (5.69 and 6.50 t ha-1 during 2014 and 2015, respectively) and straw yield over all the treatments but did not differ significantly with RDF + Brown manure + 2.5 t FYM, RDF + 1 Foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 + 3 Foliar spray of 1% FeSO4 and RDF + 3.0 t Vermicompost. While alone spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.5% was at par with RDF. Direct seeded rice and transplanted rice supplied with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 were yielded at par with each other. Significant improvement in soil N, P and K content was recorded due to application of organic manure while, significantly higher contents of Zn and Fe were found with soil application of zinc sulphate and iron sulphate over control. Organic manures did not have any significant residual effect on yield of wheat crop. However, soil application of zinc sulphate @ 25 Kg alone or combination with iron sulphate had significant residual effect on wheat yield during second year of experimentation. The higher net returns (43231and 59148 Rs. ha-1) and benefit: cost (1.43 and 2.04) ratio in 2014 and 2015, respectively were registered in of case foliar fertilization i.e. RDF + 1 FS of 0.5% ZnSO4 + 3 FS of 1% FeSO4. From the study, it can be concluded that under direct dry seeded rice (irrigated ecosystem) combined use of one foliar spray of 0.5% zinc sulphate and three foliar spray of 1% iron sulphate was most economic treatment. Although the organic sources of nutrients can also be taken into account in addition to RDF but cost of cultivation may be higher as in present context.
Open Access
Seed priming and moisture regimes study in direct seeded rice under sandy loam and silty clay loam soils
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Yadav, Vimal Raj; Subhash Chandra
Field experiments were conducted during kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015 in A1 and C5 blocks at N.E.B. CRC of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) to study the effect of soil type, irrigation levels and seed priming on direct seeded rice (DSR) variety “Narendra-359”. The treatments (6 No.) consisted of 3 irrigation levels (15, 22.5 and 30 mm CPE), 2 seed priming (no and hydropriming), replicated thrice were conducted separately under two soil types (sandy loam and silty clay loam). The experiments were laid out in a factorial randomized block design (Factorial RBD) in each soil type and subjected to combined analysis. Transplanted rice with standard package at each site was taken as control. DSR irrigated at 15 mm CPE recorded the maximum values of growth parameters viz. plant height, tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation and active leaf count followed by 22.5 and 30 mm CPE. Yield attributes like panicles/m2 and filled grains/panicle, grain weight/panicle were also the maximum at 15 mm CPE. Interaction effect between soil type and irrigation levels was significant. Grain yield significantly increased up to 22.5 mm CPE in SL soil while in SCL soil the difference was not significant due to irrigation regimes. The maximum gross and net returns were obtained from 15 mm CPE irrigation level during both the years, but the mean B:C ratio was the maximum at 30 mm CPE (0.97). In both the soils, water productivity decreased with increase in irrigation frequency being the maximum at 30 mm CPE during both the years. Seed priming did not cause significant difference on growth, yield attributes and yield during both the years. Economic returns were found to increase numerically with hydropriming treatment. The SCL soil benefitted significantly growth parameters viz., plant height, tillers/m2, active leaves and dry matter production over SL soil. Among yield attributes, SCL soil recorded significantly higher panicles/m2 (4.9%), filled grains/panicle (10.9%), grain weight/panicle (47.1%) and 1000-grain weight (12.9%) over SL soil (mean values). During both the years, SCL soil recorded significantly higher grain (14.8%) and biological yield (7.1%) as well as HI (7.9%) over SL soil (mean values). The mean values of economic parameters i.e. gross return (`10858/ha), net return (`11357/ha) and B:C ratio (37.5%) were also higher in SCL soil. Besides, IWUE and water productivity were also higher in heavy texture soil. As compared to transplanted, the performance of DSR was poor in SL soil while comparable in SCL soil. Saving in irrigation water in DSR against transplanted was found to be more in SCL soil than SL soil. It can be inferred that for better growth, yield and water productivity DSR should be taken in soils having good water holding capacity.
Open Access
Studies on planting geometries and weed control measures on interference in herbage yield and quality of Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall Nees]
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Semwal, Mahesh Prasad; Pandey, Sunita T.
Field experiments was conducted during kharif season of 2014 and 2015 at MRDC of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), India to study the effect of planting geometries and weed control measures on growth and herbage yield of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees). The soil of experimental site was sandy clay loam in texture having high organic carbon, low available nitrogen, high available phosphorus and medium in exchangeable potassium with slightly alkaline in reaction. The experiment, treatments comprising of three planting geometries (P1 = 30 cm × 20 cm, P2 = 40 cm × 25 cm and P3 = 50 cm × 30 cm) and six level of weed control practices (W1 = Pendimethalin 30 E.C. PE @1 kg a.i./ha followed by mechanical weeding by hand hoe at 30-35 DAT, W2 = Quizalofop ethyl 5 E.C. PoE @ 50 g a.i./ha at 3-5 leaves stage of weeds followed by mechanical weeding by hand hoe at 30-35 DAT, W3 = Pendimethalin 30 E.C. PE @1 kg a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 E.C. PoE @ 50 g a.i./ha at 3-5 leaves stage of weeds, W4 = Pendimethalin 30 E.C. PE @1 kg a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 E.C. PoE @ 50 g a.i./ha at 3-5 leaves stage of weeds followed by mechanical weeding by hand hoe at 30-35 DAT, W5 = Weedy check and W6 = Weed free) were laid out in split plot design keeping planting geometries in main plot treatment and weed control practices as sub plot treatment with three replications. Planting geometries and weed management practices had a significant effect on growth attributes viz., plant height, number of branches, leaf to stem ratio, relative growth rate, etc at all the stages during both the years. Significantly more growth and development of kalmegh plant were recorded under wider planting geometries at all the stages of crop. Wider planting geometries recorded significantly higher andrographolide content compared to closer geometries during both the years. Significant more dry matter accumulation/m2 by plant, higher dry herbage yield, andrographolide yield, and nutrient uptake, benefit cost ratio per hectare were recorded under closer planting geometry. Density and dry weight of total weeds significantly decreased with the increased planting geometries at all the stages of crop during both the years. No phytotoxic effect of herbicides on crop was noticed during both the years. Weed free at all planting geometries recorded significantly higher values of dry herbage yield, andrographolide yield and higher nutrient uptake per hectare at all the planting geometries. This treatment was followed by W4 and W1 during both the years. However, the higher content of andrographolide in kalmegh was produced under weedy check conditions under all the planting geometries during both the years. Looking for the herbage yield and B: C ratio of this two years experimentation, planting geometry P1 (30 cm × 20 cm) with the three weed control practices viz. W4 (pendimethalin 30 E.C. PE @1 kg a.i./ha + quizalofop ethyl 5 E.C. PoE @ 50 g a.i./ha at 3-5 leaves stage of weeds followed by mechanical weeding by hand hoe at 30-35 DAT); W1 (pendimethalin 30 E.C. PE @1 kg a.i./ha followed by mechanical weeding by hand hoe at 30-35 DAT) and W6 (weed free) are at par and may be recommended.
Open Access
Effect of tillage and nutrient management on productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of maize-wheat cropping system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Amrendra Kumar; Pal, M.S.
The present study was carried out during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, district Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India representing the Tarai belt of Uttarakhand to study the effect of tillage and nutrient management on growth, productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of maize-wheat cropping system. The experimental site was silty clay loam having soil pH 7.21, organic carbon 0.68% and 242.42, 22.56 and 240.32 kg/ha available N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 18 treatments with 06 tillage options i.e. FIRBS, conventional tillage (CT), sub soiling (SS), zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage with two pass of rotavator (MT) and permanent raised bed system (PRBS) in main plot and 03 nutrient levels i.e. 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers (50% RDF), site specific nutrient management (SSNM) and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) in sub plot with three replications. The crop was grown as per recommended practices. Tillage had significant effect on growth, yield attributes, N, P and K content and its uptake and economics of both maize and wheat crops. Significantly higher growth attributes of maize were recorded under FIRBS. Similarly maize yield was recorded 18.3, 17.2 and 14.2% higher under FIRBS than CT, SS and ZT, respectively. Significantly higher gross return, net return and benefit :cost ratio of maize were observed under FIRBS. The recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) also had significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, N, P and K content and uptake and economics. Similarly in wheat crop, tillage had significant effect on growth attributes, yield attributes, N, P and K content and uptake and its economics of wheat crop. Wheat yield was recorded significantly higher under FIRBS and PRBS being both had equal values that was 9.5 and 16.0% greater than CT and MT, respectively. Similarly higher gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio were observed under FIRBS and followed by PRBS. The RDF also had significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, N, P and K content and its uptake as well as economics. Tillage options and nutrient levels had significant effect on residual soil fertility of maize- wheat system. The resource use efficiency of maize - wheat cropping system was recorded higher under PRBS and FIRBS at 50% recommended dose of fertilizers. Similarly higher gross return, net return and benefit : cost ratio of maize - wheat cropping system were also observed under FIRBS and PRBS at 100% recommended dose of fertilizers. It is therefore concluded that maize and wheat crops may be planted either on FIRBS or permanent raised bed system (PRBS) with application of recommended dose of fertilizers i.e. 120:60:40 and 150:60:40:: N: P2O5:K2O kg/ha for maize and wheat, respectively for higher productivity, profitability and system use efficiency of maize-wheat system in Tarai region of Uttrakhand and also be replicated in whole Indo-Gangetic plains of India.
Open Access
Influence of planting pattern and weed management on the performance of component crops in maize + urdbean intercropping system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Prabhaker, Ajay Kumar; Singh, V.K.
A field experiment entitled “Influence of planting pattern and weed management on the performance of component crops in maize + urdbean intercropping system” was conducted during kharif seasons of 2013 and 2014 at D-6 block (pulse agronomy) of Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. Treatments consisted of four planting patterns [urdbean sole (30 cm), maize sole (60 cm), normal planting of maize + urdbean (1:1) and paired planting of maize (30/90 cm) + urdbean (2:2)] and five weed management practices {weedy check, weed free, pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE) and 1 hand weeding (25 DAS), imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 (POE, 20 DAS) alone and pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE) + imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 (POE, 20 DAS)}. The experiment was laid out in split plot design (SPD) keeping planting pattern as main plot and weed management as sub plot with three replications. The varieties of urdbean and maize sown were Pant U-31 and Surya, respectively. Urdbean sole and normal planting of maize + urdbean (1:1) had lower total weed density and dry weight than sole planting of maize and paired planting of maize (30/90 cm) + urdbean (2:2) . Weed control efficiency was numerically higher in Paired planting of maize (30/90 cm) + urdbean (2:2) compared to sole planting of maize and urdbean. Most of the growth parameters viz; number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation (g/plant), crop growth rate and relative growth rate of urdbean sole were comparatively higher than intercropping systems. Sole planting of maize had higher values of their growth parameters than their intercropping systems. Sole planting of maize and urdbean recorded significantly higher grain yield than inter cropping system. Both the intercropping systems had significantly higher urdbean equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio than sole planting of urdbean and maize. The lowest total weed density and weed dry weight were recorded in weed free fallowed by pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE) and 1 hand weeding (25 DAS) , pre emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1+ post emergence application of imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 (20 DAS), post emergence application of imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 (20 DAS) alone. Pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE) and 1 hand weeding (25 DAS) computed significantly higher weed control efficiency than pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE) + post emergence application of imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 (20 DAS), post emergence application of imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 (20 DAS)alone and weedy check. Urdbean equivalent yield was significantly higher in weed free and herbicide treated plots than weedy check. The highest gross return (71976 Rs. ha-1), net return (46621 Rs. ha-1) B : C ratio (1.83) was computed under normal planting of maize + urdbean (1:1). Weed free recorded maximum value of gross return (75057 Rs. ha-1), net return (51799 Rs. ha-1) and B : C ratio (2.22).
Open Access
Application of geo-spatial techniques for cropping system analysis of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-07) Naram Ramu; Pal, Mahendra Singh
Open Access
Site specific nutrient management approaches for enhancing their use efficiencies and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under rice-wheat cropping system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-07) Qureshi, Aminnudin; Singh, Dhananjay Kumar
Open Access
Evaluation of wheat varieties under different tillage options
(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2006) Jha, Ratnesh Kumar; Anand Prakash

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