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Open Access
Studies on intercropping in sweet sorghum
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-07) Maurya, Dharmendra Kumar; Kewalanand
A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Dairy Farm, Nagla, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during kharif season of 2007 to evaluate suitable intercropping system with sweet sorghum. Nine treatments [sole sweet sorghum, sole mudgaparni, sole cowpea, sweet sorghum + mudgaparni (1:1), sweet sorghum + mudgaparni (2:1), sweet sorghum + mudgaparni (2:2), sweet sorghum + cow pea (1:1), sweet sorghum + cow pea (2:1) and sweet sorghum + cow pea (2:2)] were tested in randomized block design with four replications. Intercropping mudgaparni with sweet sorghum at different row ratios was superior over cowpea. The fodder and cane yields were found significantly more due to sweet sorghum + mudgaparni at 2:2 or 2:1 row ratios. The mixed fodder quality in terms of crude protein content and dry matter digestibility was found significantly higher under sweet sorghum + cowpea (2:1) intercropping system. The quality of sweet sorghum was found better due to sweet sorghum + mudgaparni (2:2) with respect to juice content in cane and sweet sorghum + cowpea (2:2) with respect to brix, sucrose, juice purity and available sugar content of the juice. Biological advantage in terms of LER was highest due to sweet sorghum + mudgaparni intercropping system at different row ratios compared to cowpea intercropping systems, highest being under sweet sorghum + mudgaparni (2:2). The monetary advantage in terms of gross return, net return and B:C ratio was higher under sweet sorghum + mudgaparni (2:2) intercropping system followed by sweet sorghum + mudgaparni (2:1).
Open Access
Optimization of irrigation schedule, variety and plant spacing under System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Hazra, Kali Krishna; Subhash Chandra
The present study was conducted during the kharif 2007 at Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (U.S. Nagar), Uttarakhand, on sandy loam soil, to find out optimum irrigation schedule, variety and spacing for rice under SRI. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with 4 replications, having 12 treatment combination of three factor i.e. irrigation schedule (6 cm irrigation at 1, 3 and 5 days after disappearance of ponded water), varieties (Pant Dhan 10 and Pant Dhan 4) and spacing (20 × 20 cm and 25 × 25 cm). Different growth parameters at various crop stages, yield attributes and yield were increased significantly by irrigation at 1 and 3 DADPW over 5 DADPW. Of the two varieties tested, Pant Dhan 4 was found more suitable for SRI as compared to Pant Dhan 10. Planting geometry had no significant influence on yield. The N, P and K uptake was higher under no stress (irrigation at 1 DADPW) followed by mild stress (3 DADPW) and prolonged stress (5 DADPW). Plant spacing had no significant impact on N, P and K uptake. So, on the basis of one year experimental results, planting of Pant Dhan 4 at wider spacing (25 × 25 cm) and irrigation at 3 DADPW upto panicle emergence followed by shallow submergence recommended, under System of Rice Intensification.
Open Access
Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on rice productivity and soil fertility in rice-wheat cropping system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Indra Jeet; Pandey, P.C.
The present study was conducted during kharif 2007 on a mollisol at Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India. Twelve treatments consisting of organic fertility treatments viz. FYM 5 t, FYM 10 t, FYM 5 t + SR (Sesbania rostrata), inorganic fertility treatments i.e. N120P60K40, N180P60K40, N200P60K40, NCU120P60K40 and integrated fertility treatments i.e. N60P30K20 + FYM 5 t, N120P60K40 + straw mixed (4 t/ha) straw burned (4 t/ha), SA (Sesbania aculeata) + N0P60K40 and control in Randomized Block Design with 4 replications. Green manuring of Sesbania rostrata (42.8 t/ha green biomass at 60 days stage) with FYM (5 t/ha) produced significantly higher grain yield (6.5 t/ha) than other treatments except FYM 10 t, N180P60K40 and N200P60K40. These treatments also produced significantly higher biological yield than recommended dose of fertilizer (N120P60K40). The different fertility treatments were found to have significantly bearing on tillering, height and dry matter accumulation. Dry matter accumulation at maximum tillering stage (60 DAT) was highest with FYM + SR and significantly higher than all treatments except SA + N0P60K40 and N200P60K40. Rice crop grown with FYM + SR removed the highest N through grain and total biomass, and highest phosphorous through straw and total biomass. These organic treatments also improved soil fertility. On the basis of present study, it may be concluded that the use of organic sources i.e. Sesbania rostrata green manuring with FYM 5 t, FYM 10 t and integrated use of N120P60K40 + straw burned and SA + N0P60K40 in rice can sustain soil fertility status in intensive rice-wheat cropping system.
Open Access
Effect of vermicompost and biofertilizers on performance of lemon tulsi (Ocimum basilicum L.) under tarai condition of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-07) Jitendra Kumar; Pal, M.S.
Field experiment was conducted at Medicinal Plant Research and Development Centre, (Haldi), G.B.Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar during Kharif season of 2005 􀂲 06 on sandy loam soil with neutral pH, 0.8% organic carbon and 186.59, 22.85 and206.36 kg/ha available N, P and K, respectively to study the 􀂴Effect of vermicompost and biofertilizers on Performance of Lemon Tulsi (Ocimum basilicum L) under Tarai condition of Uttarakhand􀂵. The experiment was conducted in the Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The total treatments were 10 consisting of two levels of vermicompost (VC) i.e. 5 and 10 t ha-1 along with biofertilizers i.e. Azotobacter (AZT), Azospirilium (ASP) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Significantly higher fresh herbage yield was recorded with the application of Vermicompost 10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter. Treatments consisting of vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 gave 7.6 and 17.9 % higher herbage yield than control treatment. The combined application of Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1or 10 t ha along with biofertilizers produced on an average 5.5 and 4.1 % higher herbage yield, respectively than alone application of vermicompost separately. The higher values were attributed to higher growth parameters including plant height, fresh and dry weight accumulation per plant and leaf: stem ratio. Significantly higher oil content in plant parts as well as total oil yield were recorded when 10 t ha-1 Vermicompost was applied along with root treatment with PSB. Application of Vermicompost @10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter facilitate significantly higher n and K uptake while Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 + PSB gave higher P uptake. Similarly, the application of Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 + biofertilizers had higher values of residual organic carbon and available N, P and Kin soil. All growth parameters and N, P and K uptake were found significantly positives correlated with fresh herbage yield as well as oil yield. Therefore, organic Lemon Tulsi (Ocimum basilicum L.) may be grown successfully with combined application of 10 t ha-1vermicompost and biofertilizers for higher herbage and oil yield with sustained soil fertility in Tarai region of Uttarakhand.
Open Access
Performance of pusa rice hybrid-10 with variable sources of manuring
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Suman, Kamal Kumar; Bisht, P.S.
The present study was conducted during kharif 2007 on a Mollisol at Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (29°N, 79°29¢ E and 243.8 m), India. Twelve treatments (9 pure organic and three checks) treatments viz. Sesbania green manuring (GM) @ 20 t and 30 t ha-1 alone, Sesbania 20 t + FYM 5 t and 10 t ha-1, Sesbania 30 t + FYM 5 t and 10 t ha-1, Sesbania 30 t +wheat straw 5 t ha-1, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 alone, neem cake powder (Neemax @ 5 t ha-1) were studied against recommended NPK (100 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O ha-1), 50 per cent recommended NPK and unfertilized control. The Randomized Block Design was applied with 4 replications. Newly evolved aromatic hybrid variety PRH-10 (115 days) was used. GM of Sesbania aculeata (SA) 30 t + FYM 5 t ha-1 produced the highest grain (4.4 t ha-1), straw (4.6 t ha-1) and total dry matter yield (9.0 t ha-1) which was significantly higher than control, Neemax 5 t ha-1, GM 20 t ha-1 and FYM 10 t ha-1. This combination of organic nutrients had increased grain yield by 13 per cent over recommended NPK and 51 per cent over unfertilized control. The treatment consisting Sesbania 20 t or 30 t ha-1 + FYM 10 t ha-1 had not shown superiority over GM 20 t ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1. A high dose of manuring was found more prone to insect􀂷s infestation (leaf roller and stem borer) and bacterial leaf blight and false smut. GM of Sesbania with 30 t ha-1 green biomass alone was substituted the recommended NPK and produced 4.1 t grain, 4.5 t straw and 8.6 t total dry matter per ha which was statistically at par with highest producer treatment GM 30 t + FYM 5 t ha-1. High yields were found to be attributed with better plant growth (plant height, tiller number and plant dry matter) and resulted in more number of panicles m-2 and grains per panicle. The N uptake by grain, straw and total dry mater was highest with GM 30 t + FYM 10 t ha-1 (69.8 kg, 25.3 kg and 94.3 kg, respectively) followed by GM 30 t + FYM 5 t ha-1 (15.8 kg, 22.9 kg and 88.7 kg, respectively) and these N uptake values were found statistically on par with GM 30 t ha-1 and recommended NPK. FYM applied @ 10 t ha-1 had highest value of NUE (18 kg grain/kg N applied) followed by GM @ 30 t ha-1 and GM 30 t + FYM 5 t ha (12 kg grain/kg N applied), while it was 10 kg grain per kg of urea N applied in recommended NPK. N recovery among organic sources was highest (25.7%) with GM 30 t ha-1 followed by GM 20 t ha-1 (23.5%) and GM 30 t + FYM 5 t ha-1 (23.0 %). The efficiency of N utilization (kg grain/kg N absorbed) was also highest (116.9) with FYM 10 t ha-1. The soil pH, organic carbon and available P were not affected due to different treatments. On the basis of above findings, it may be concluded that organic PRH-10 can be taken with growing a good crop of Sesbania having green biomass 30 t ha-1 or more. It is also recommended that FYM @ 5 t ha-1 should be applied before Sesbania sowing as GM 30 t ha-1 + FYM 5 t ha-1had resulted in highest grain (4.4 t/ha), straw (4.6 t/ha) and total dry matter yield (9.0 t/ha ) and has capacity to replaced recommended NPK inorganic fertilizers.
Open Access
Evaluation of crop establishment methods for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa ) productivity
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Thakur, Dheeraj Kumar; Singh, D.K.
The present study was conducted during the Kharif season of 2007at the Crop Research Centre of the G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar (U.S. Nagar), Uttarakhand, on a silty loam soil to study the performance of different rice establishment methods. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 4 replications and 8 treatments viz., conventional method, System of Rice Intensification-I (SRI-I), Integrated Crop Management-I (ICM-I), SRI-II, ICM-II, direct seeded rice, drum seeded rice and beushening in broadcasted rice (except SRI-II and ICM-II, the sowing in the nursery and in the main field was done on 20th June. For SRI-II and ICM-II the nursery was sown on 31st and 26th June, respectively and was transplanted on 10th July along with conventional method).The rice variety 􀂶NDR-359􀂷 was raised as per the recommendations of the above methods. C ro p establishment methods had significant effect on yield and yield attributes of crop. The highest grain yield was recorded in ICM-I (6.67 t ha-1), which was significantly higher than all other methods except SRI-I (6.15 t ha-1) and drum seeded rice (5.91 t ha-1). Late sown SRI-II and ICM-II did not perform better than SRI-I and ICM-I. SRI-I method of transplanting yielded 6.15 t ha-1 grain, was found statistically at par with conventional method (transplanting 20 days old, 2 seedlings per hill at 20 x 20 cm spacing). I C M -I increased N uptake significantly than other crop establishment methods. With respect of P and K, ICM-I found significantly higher uptake of P and K than all other methods except drum seeded method. Microbial population was not influenced significantly by crop establishment methods which were studied at flowering stage of crop. SRI-I and ICM-I have been found to save 26.8 per cent water over conventional method. I t can be concluded that the integrated crop management (ICM-I) followed by system of rice intensification (SRI-I) with timely sowing crop can sustain higher productivity (>6 t ha-1 grain yield) and saves 26.8 % water over conventional method of crop establishment.
Open Access
Effect of nutrient levels on growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rice-wheat cropping system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Barthwal, Ashutosh; Bhardwaj, A.K.
The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient levels on growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rice-wheat cropping system on silty clay loam soil of order Mollisol, during Rabi season, 2006-07 at the crop research centre of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar Uttrakhand, India. The experiment consisted ten treatments of different fertilizers combination comprising different nutrients i.e. N, P2O5, and K2O. Treatments were T1- 170: 60: 120, T2- 170: 30: 120, T3- 170: 0: 120, T4- 170: 30: 80, T5- 170: 30: 40, T6- 170: 30: 0, T7- 170: 30: 120, T8- 170: 30: 120, T9- 150: 60: 40, T10- 120: 40: 0 laid out in RBD with four replication. Residual effect of zinc and boron applied to rice crop was also studied. Wheat was sown on 14th November, 2006. Half of the total nitrogen along with full amount phosphorus and potassium were applied to crop as basal rest of the half nitrogen was top dressed in two splits at tillering and P.I. stage of crop growth. Application of nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 and phosphorus @ 40 kg ha-1 as farmer fertilizer practice produced lowest grain yield and yield increased 8% by applying recommended NPK (150: 60: 40 kg ha-1). Increasing fertilizer nitrogen up to 170 kg ha-1 along with 30 or 60 kg phosphorus and 80 or 120 kg potassium increased the crop growth, yield contributing characters, higher nutrient uptakes and yield of wheat significantly. Residual effect of zinc and boron applied to rice crop had significant positive effect on the productivity of wheat and might be sufficient the meet of requirement of wheat crop. Thus the results of foregoing investigation suggests that application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium @ 170, 60 and 120 kg ha-1 to wheat crop and micronutrient zinc and boron besides required NPK to rice crop are necessary for achieving higher productivity of wheat beyond 5.5 t ha-1 in rice-wheat cropping under Mollisols of Pantnagar.
Open Access
Performance of promising yellow sarson (Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson) genotypes at different fertility levels
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-07) Devliyal, Alok; Singh, R.P.
Field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2007-08 at the Crop Research Center of Govindh Ballabh Pant University Of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar , U.S. Nagar ( Uttarakhand ). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design taking 16 treatment consisting of six genotypes/ varieties (YSH-401, RYSK-05-1, Ragani, RYSK-05-2, YST-151 and NRCYS-05-2 ) with three fertility levels (75% of RDF, RDF and 125% of RDF) and replicated three times. Amongst the six genotypes tested, genotype YSH-401 had significantly higher primary branches, number of seed per pod 1000 seed weight and seed weight per plant. It yielded significantly higher over all other genotypes/ varieties except check variety Ragani that was 7.13 percent higher over Ragani. Genotype RYSK-05-1 attained higher plant height and dry matter accumulation per plant while genotype RYSK-05-1 had higher NPK content in different plant parts at harvest . Nitrogen ,phosphorus and potassium uptake by seed ,oil yield and oil content were also higher in genotype YSH-401 while lowest glucosinolate content was found in variety YST-151(64.68) followed by genotype NRCYS-05-2 (68.51). It was observed that oil content and glucosinolate content were decrease with increase in fertility level while seed, straw, biological yield, nutrient uptake, and oil yield were increased with increase in fertility level. 100 percent recommended fertility level alone could not be capable of exploiting the maximum potential of testing genotypes of yellow sarson. To harvest maximum potential of the crop it was observed that fertility level may be increase up to 125 percent or even more of recommended fertility level.
Open Access
Irrigation scheduling in European dill (Anethum graveolens L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Purwar, Mohit Kumar; Yadava, M.S.
The present study was conducted during the rabi season (December to May) of 2006-07 at the Crop Research Centre of the G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (U.S. Nagar), Uttarakhand, on a silty loam soil, to study the different irrigation schedules. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 4 replications and 8 treatments viz., no postplanting irrigation, one irrigation at 3 WAS, two irrigations at 3 & 6 WAS, irrigation at 40, 60 & 80 per cent depletion of ASW from 0-30 soil depth and 6 cm irrigation at IW: CPE ratio 1.0 & 1.5. Various growth and yield attributes were found to be significantly higher due to irrigation at IW: CPE ratio 1.0 followed by irrigation at 80 per cent depletion of ASW and two irrigations at 3 and 6 WAS. This caused significant enhancement in seed, oil and carvone yield. The oil content in dill seed was found highest due to two irrigations given at 3 and 6 WAS and its constituents also respond better with less number of irrigations. Seasonal consumptive use of water and water use efficiency was found to be optimum when crop was scheduled irrigation at IW: CPE ratio 1.0. Net return was also recorded higher due to same treatment. It can be concluded that three irrigations based on IW: CPE ratio 1.0 is the best for growth and yield of European dill crop, but for obtaining dill seed oil of better quality (higher carvone and lower dillapiole content) two irrigations at 3 and 6 WAS is better than other treatments.

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