Loading...
Thesis
Browse
273 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Marker assisted consolidation of low polyphenol oxidase and rust resistance genes in high grain protein bread wheat lines(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Gill, Manpartik S.; Bhagat, InduLow polyphenol content in wheat grain is a desirable quality trait, conferring bright, amber appearance to products including chapattis. The present study is based on two donor lines (09014/23 and Clear White 515- GpC) each possessing two major recessive QTL’s for low PPO, along with rust resistance genes (i.e. Yr5, Yr15, Yr36, Lr34 and Lr37) and high grain protein gene GpC-B1. The recipient lines BWL 5189 and BWL 5190 represent versions of superior chapatti quality variety PBW 550 carrying introgression of Yr15, Yr36, Lr34 and GpC-B1. The four all possible crosses were performed at main location (2015-16) and F1’s were grown at the PAU offseason research station during summer of 2016. F2 from four crosses were raised at main season location (PAU, Ludhiana) using a strategy for early planting with the objective of obtaining two generations within the season. Seedlings germinated in propagation trays at 14-18 ̊ C were transplanted in mid October and flowered near mid December. One population of 208 plants derived from a single F1 plant from cross, 09014/23 x BWL 5189 was chosen for marker analysis. Marker PPO33, PPO29 and Wmc175 for low PPO genes i.e. PpO- A1 (on chromosome 2A), PpO- D1 (on chromosome 2D) and Yr5 (on chromosome 2B) were used in the study. The marker profiling resulted in identification of 38 plants carrying desirable alleles for three genes, either in homozygous or heterozygous condition. Out of these 38, 2 were found to be homozygous for all the three target alleles. This population along with other F2 populations were carried forward using a rapid generation advanced (RGA) strategy involving, detached tiller culture, followed by harvesting and drying of immature caryopsis with or without cold treatment. Rapid generation advance system was refined further and caryopsis harvested at 16 Days after pollination (DAP) gave desirable combination of high germination with saving of time. It was also observed that cold treatment for 2 days prior to germination was not needed. The 2 homozygous progenies had PPO score of 1.8 and 2.0 as compared to 4.2 (out of 10) in the recipient parent BWL 5189 and 1.2 for 09014/23. The protein content of these were significantly higher (13.31% and 13.14%) than the grand parental line PBW 550 (12.3%) while their grain hardness was 10.69 Kg and 12.12 Kg as compared to 12.26 Kg of PBW 550 and 8.05 of 09014/23. The PPO allele profiling was extended to a set of 87 wheat varieties to see genetic changes that had taken place at this locus as we move from landraces to modern day cultivars.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and biochemical plant characters in relation to resistance against some sucking insect pests in Bt cotton(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Y. Krishnakumari Devi; Vijay KumarThe studies on morphological and biochemical plant characters in relation to resistance against some sucking insect pests in Bt cotton were carried out at Entomological Research Farm, PAU, Ludhiana during 2014 and 2015. Experiment on incidence of sucking insect pests on different cotton cultivars, revealed that leafhopper population was significantly higher on Bt cotton cultivar, RCH 773 (4.70 / 3 leaves), whitefly and thrips on Bioseed 6588 (7.47 and 2.47 /3 leaves, respectively). However, lower population of leafhopper, whitefly and thrips was recorded on the desi cotton cultivar, FDK 124 (1.78, 3.25 and 0.83/ 3 leaves, respectively). Incidence of sucking insect pests was also significantly higher at 130 Kg nitrogen as compared to 100 and 65 Kg nitrogen per acre. The population of leafhopper, whitefly and thrips showed significantly positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperature whereas evening relative humidity and rainfall has significantly positive correlation with leafhopper only. However, leafhopper and whitefly showed significant positive correlation with evaporation. Sunshine hours showed significant negative correlation with thrips but positive with whitefly. In another experiment on effect of various morphological plant characters revealed significant positive correlation with leafhopper population and gossypol gland on midrib. However, leafhopper, thrips and whitefly showed significant positive correlation with leaf lamina thickness and highly significant positive correlation with leaf area. Among the biochemical plant characters revealed that higher amount of total phenol, flavonols, O-dihydroxy phenol, tannins, total sugar and reducing sugars were recorded in cultivars infested with sucking insect pests over uninfested condition. Significantly higher biochemical content were recorded at lower level of nitrogen (65 Kg) followed by 100 and 130 Kg per acre. Leafhopper population had significant positive correlation with reducing sugar whereas whitefly and thrips with total sugar. However, thrips population showed significantly negative correlation with O-dihydroxy phenol. In another experiment on detection of the presence of Cry toxin revealed that highest amount of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab was detected at 60 days after sowing as compared to 120 days after sowing. Higher expression of Cry toxin was recorded at high level of nitrogen (130 Kg) followed by 100 and 65 Kg. ELISA analysis showed presence of Cry toxin (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) in leafhopper nymphs and whitefly adults fed on Bt cotton cultivars and traces in honeydew excreted by whitefly feeding on Bt cotton cultivars.ThesisItem Restricted Influence of herbicides on Rhizobium growth and its symbiosis with mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](2017) Rukinderpreet Singh; Guriqbal SinghThe present study “Influence of herbicides on Rhizobium growth and its symbiosis with mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was conducted at Research field of Pulses Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The field experiment was conducted during two seasons i.e. kharif 2016 and summer 2017. Experiment I, conducted to study the influence of herbicides on Rhizobium and PGPR growth under in vitro conditions, was laid out in CRD replicated three times with 13 treatments (viz. pendimethalin 30 EC at 180, 396, 900 and 1980 ppm, imazethapyr 10 SL at 26, 40, 133 and 200 ppm, pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 SL (pre-mix) at 180, 396, 900 and 1980 ppm and control). Experiment II entitled, “Effect of herbicides on Rhizobium-mungbean symbiosis and productivity of mungbean” was laid out in RCBD replicated three times with 10 treatments (viz. pendimethalin 30 EC at 0.45 kg ha-1 (PE) + hand weeding (HW) at 4 weeks after sowing (WAS), pendimethalin 30 EC at 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE), pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 SL (pre-mix) at 0.45 kg ha-1 (PE) + HW at 4 WAS, pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 SL at 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE), imazethapyr 10 SL at 50 g ha-1 at 15 DAS, imazethapyr 10 SL at 50 g ha-1 at 25 DAS, imazethapyr 10 SL at 75 g ha-1 at 15 DAS, imazethapyr 10 SL at 75 g ha-1 at 25 DAS, two HW at 4 & 6 WAS and weedy check). In Experiment I, the highest tolerance of Rhizobium and PGPR was recorded to pendimethalin 30 EC followed by pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 SL and least by imazethapyr 10 SL. In Experiment II, application of pendimethalin 30 EC at 0.45 kg ha-1 + HW at 4 WAS, pendimethalin 30 EC at 0.75 kg ha-1 and pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 SL at 0.45 kg ha-1 + HW at 4 WAS, in general, had no/little inhibitory effect on symbiotic parameters (nodule number, nodule dry weight and leghaemoglobin content) in kharif as well as in summer mungbean. Application of pendimethalin 30 EC at 0.45 kg ha-1 + HW at 4 WAS and pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 SL at 0.45 kg ha-1 + HW at 4 WAS, in general, recorded statistically similar growth attributes, symbiotic parameters, yield attributes & yield, economics, soil micro-flora population, weed number & weed dry matter and nutrient uptake by crop & weeds with two HW at 4 & 6 WAS. In terms of symbiotic parameters, grain yield and net returns, pendimethalin 30 EC at 0.45 kg ha-1 + HW at 4 WAS and pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 SL at 0.45 kg ha-1 + HW at 4 WAS are the promising treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis of isatin based Schiff bases and their evaluation as antifungal agents(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Loomba, Shivani; Utreja, DivyaSix new Schiff bases of isatin were synthesized by reacting isatin with different aromatic amines. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-Visible, 1HNMR, 13 CNMR, IR spectral studies and micro analytical data. The resulted compounds had also been evaluated for their antifungal activity against Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria sp. Chlorine substituted Schiff bases had shown significant antifungal activity as compared to other Schiff bases of isatin.ThesisItem Open Access Chromium adsorption studies on synthesized magnetite activated carbon nanocomposites(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Jaskiran Kaur; Manpreet KaurAdsorptive properties of synthesized magnetite activated carbon nanocomposites are investigated for the facile removal of Cr (VI) ions from water. Fe3O4 NPs and its nanocomposites with activated carbon were characterized by X-ray diffractiion pattern (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) surface area analysis as analytical tools. TEM images revealed the agglomerated spherical morphology of Fe3O4NPs and nanocomposites. A comparative analysis of the Fe3O4 NPs, nanocomposites and activated carbon for the removal of Cr (VI) ions from water was carried out by batch method and Cr (VI) content was estimated spectrophotometrically. The effect of operating parameters including adsorbent dose, temperature, contact time, pH and initial metal ion concentration of Cr (VI) were studied. Optimum pH for adsorption was 2. Values of ∆Go, ∆H˚ and ∆S˚ were found to be negative for all adsorbents, indicating exothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption process The trend for the Cr (VI) ions percentage removal in the ascending order was Fe3O4 NPsThesisItem Open Access Study on performance appraisal of shawl units in Ludhiana(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sharma, Omika; Gandotra, VandanaThe present investigation was carried out in Ludhiana city. An interview schedule was formulated to collect the required information from the powerloom shawl weaving units regarding the infrastructure of the units. Data were collected with the help of pre structured interview schedule from 60 randomly selected powerloom shawl weaving units. The results of the study revealed that majority of units had made fixed capital investment of `40 lakhs to 60 lakhs and working capital investment between `20 lakhs to 40 lakhs to establish the unit. Majority of units had installed capacity of 10 to 30 power looms and 60 percent possessed semi computerized looms to prepare shawls. Majority of units used acrylic fiber as raw material for preparing shawls and they purchased the yarn from local market. Most of units had employed total number of 40 to 80 workers. All the units produced plain shawls and majority of units had annual production of plain shawls between `60,000-90,000. Majority of units were selling their products in the local market. Twenty five percent units had minimum annual sale up to `50 lakhs. Majority of respondents faced the problems related to shortage of skilled labour (weighted mean score 2.83), high price of raw material (weighted mean score 3.68), low profit margins (weighted mean score 6.50), lack of proper infrastructure (weighted mean score 4.50), lack of power supply (weighted mean score 1.83) and maintenance of looms (weighted mean score 1.16)ThesisItem Restricted Adherence to Residential Building Bye-laws in Ludhiana City(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Batra, Sakshi; Gill, Jatinderjit KaurThe present study entitled “Adherence to Residential Building Bye-laws in Ludhiana City” was undertaken to check the knowledge of heads of family regarding existing residential building bye-laws, their adherence to residential building bye-laws and reason for their non-adherence to existing residential building bye-laws in Ludhiana city. A sample of 120 respondents was selected randomly from areas under Improvement Trust Ludhiana and Municipal Corporation Ludhiana. An interview schedule was prepared to collect data from the respondents. The list of existing residential building bye-laws was obtained from Improvement Trust Ludhiana and Municipal Corporation Ludhiana. The findings of the study revealed that there was positive correlation of education of head of the family and year of construction of house with the adherence to residential building bye-laws in sample-I i.e. localities under Improvement Trust Ludhiana. Whereas, in sample-II i.e. localities under Municipal Corporation Ludhiana the education of head family, family income and year of construction was positively correlated with the adherence to residential building bye-laws. The level of adherence to residential building bye-laws was high in sample-I because majority (90.00%) houses were planned by architect and in sample-II the level of adherence was upto medium level because around half (48.33%) of the houses were constructed before purchase.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of microbial consortium (Bio-fertilizer) on growth and nutrient uptake of Poplar clones in nursery(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Gurinder Singh; Avtar SinghThe present study “Effect of microbial consortium (Biofertilizer) on growth and nutrient uptake by poplar clones in nursery” was conducted in teaching area, Department of Forestry and Natural resources, PAU, Ludhiana during the year 2015-2016. The influence of different doses of microbial consortium (biofertilizer) addition to nine different poplar clones in nursery on growth and nutrient uptake was studied. In present study different doses of biofertilizers showed the significant variation for collar diameter, leaf area, biomass accumulation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration (%) except plant height and also revealed significant differences for accumulation of N, P and K. Study also revealed that the interaction between different doses of biofertilizers and clones shows the significant results for collar diameter, leaf area, plant height, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration(%) except in plant biomass. The application of microbial consortium (biofertilizers) increases the growth parameters, and nutrient uptake in plants. Application of microbial consortium resulted in enhanced growth for most of the characters and can be applied as alternative to chemical fertilizer for enhanced growth and better nutrient uptake in Populus deltoides plants.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of cytoplasmic male sterile lines of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and their utilization in heterosis breeding(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Meena, Om Prakash; Dhaliwal, M. S.A total of 17 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines were evaluated under the low (E1 and E3) and the high (E2 and E4) temperature regimes of 2014-15 and 2015-16. Based on pollen sterility and pollen release score, 10 lines namely CMS4611A, CMS4614A, CMS4622A, CMS4624A, CMS4626A, CMS46213A, CMS463D2A, CMS463D13A, CMS463D14A and CMS463L5A have been identified as temperature stable. The lines showed normal fruit and seed setting ability under the open pollination conditions, and have commercially acceptable fruit traits. The marker analysis of three selected CMS A- and their respective CMS B-lines showed that the genome recovery of the recurrent parent in CMS4611A, CMS4626A and CMS463D13A was estimated to be 98.8, 98.9 and 96.6%, respectively. Three CMS lines and 20 potential restorer lines were evaluated in a Line × tester mating design to estimate combing ability and heterosis over the better parent and two standard checks over three environments viz. the early season (E1), the main season (E2) and the late season (E3). Over the environments, the estimates due to GCA lines, GCA testers and SCA crosses were significant for all the 15 plant growth, yield and quality traits, except due to GCA lines for number of primary branches plant-1. The magnitude of the additive variance (σ2A) was more than the non-additive variance (σ2D) for all the traits studied except for number of primary branches plant-1 in E2, E3, and across the three environments; and for plant height, plant spread and number of fruits plant-1 in E3. The CMS line CMS463D13A and the testers SL 475, IS 268, PP 402, FL 201 and C 142 were identified for use in breeding to develop high yielding genotypes with superior horticultural traits for early, main and late season environments. Hybrids were identified for different crop seasons and for different purposes. Pooled across the environments, the cross CMS463D13A × IS 268 was good specific combiner for total yield palnt-1, number of primary branches plant-1, fruit weight, number of seed fruit-1, capsaicin content and SHU, and involved good × good GCA parents. The maximum mean better parent heterosis over environments was exhibited for total yield plant-1 (35.29%), followed by number of primary branches plant-1 (17.96%), number of seed fruit-1 (12.46) and number of fruits plant-1 (11.43%). The crosses CMS463D13A × SL 475, CMS463D13A × VR 523, CMS463D13A × YL 581 and CMS463D13A × IS 268 performed consistently superior over environments in respect of per se and standard heterosis for total yield plant-1, fruit weight and fruit length, and CMS463D13A × SL 475 for total yield plant-1, capsaicin content and SHU. These crosses are recommended for multi-location testing.