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ThesisItem Restricted ACTIVE SHARE MEASURE AND RELATED FUND PERFORMANCE : A STUDY OF EQUITY DIVERSIFIED MUTUAL FUNDS(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 2011) GURPREET KAUR; GUPTA, MOHITThesisItem Open Access ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR TOWARDS MUTUAL FUND VALUE ADDITIONS : A STUDY OF INVESTORS IN LUDHIANA CITY(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 2011) JAIN, ANKIT; GUPTA, MOHITThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological and biochemical characterization of a recombinant inbred line population of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under direct-seeded aerobic conditions(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Cheema, Amandeep Kaur; Bedi, SeemaDirect seeding of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a resource conservation technology but at the cost of reduction in yield. In the present study, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from a cross between PR 120 x UPLRi 7 were sown as direct-seeded aerobic and conventional transplanted crops respectively for two seasons. Various morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield related traits were studied under the two conditions. In general, plant height, dry matter, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area and chlorophyll content were lower under direct-seeded aerobic conditions than under conventional transplanted conditions. Plant height and crop growth rate showed a positive correlation with grain yield and had a direct effect on grain yield. Dry matter accumulation did not show any significant correlation but had an indirect effect on grain yield. Relative growth rate, leaf area and chlorophyll content did not show any correlation or effect on grain yield. All the yield contributing traits viz., above ground biomass, total number of tillers per 0.5m row, number of fertile tillers per panicle per 0.5m row, spikelets per panicle, grain filling percentage, grain yield per 0.5m row, harvest index, 1000 grain weight were lower and sterile grain per panicle were higher in direct-seeded aerobic condition. Above ground biomass and harvest index showed correlation with yield and had a direct effect on grain yield under both direct-seeded aerobic and conventional transplanted conditions. In general, higher sugar, starch and proline content were detected in leaves of direct-seeded aerobic crop. Out of twenty RILs under study, Ae-RIL-B-158, showed highest proline and sugar contents. Interestingly, this RIL showed least reduction in yield when sown under direct seeded-aerobic condition as against conventional transplanted condition suggesting this RIL may be more tolerant to drought stress as it accumulated highest proline and sugars under direct-seeded aerobic condition. The development of aerenchyma was comparatively more in crop raised under conventional transplanted conditions than under direct-seeded aerobic conditions. UPLRi7 (parent) showed maximum aerenchyma under direct-seeded aerobic conditions while PR120 (parent) showed maximum aerenchyma formation under conventional transplanted conditions. Under both the sowing conditions, two high-yielding RILs (Ae-RIL-B-42 and Ae-RIL-B-44) had higher aerenchyma than the two low-yielding RILs (Ae-RIL-B-7 and Ae-RIL-B-117). These characters could be used as criteria for selecting RILs for incorporating into breeding programmes for yield enhancement.ThesisItem Open Access Dynamics of soil phosphorus in relation to carbon under different cropping systems(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Dhram Prakash; Benbi, D.K.Dynamics of phosphorus in soils were studied in relation to nutrient management and land-use practices. The nutrient management practices evaluated included source (rock phosphate and single superphosphate) and rates of P application in rice-wheat system; and integrated nutrient management (INM) and organic farming practices in basmati-wheat system in field experiments conducted at the research farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The land-uses studied included ricewheat, maize-wheat, cotton-wheat and poplar based agroforestry systems at farmers’ fields in different districts of Punjab. After seven cycles of rice-wheat cropping, farmyard manure (FYM) and rock phosphate (RP) application increased available P and soil organic carbon (SOC) by 72% and 98%, respectively over control. Inorganic P constituted the largest proportion (88-92%) of total P in soil and relative abundance of different inorganic P fractions in soils followed the order Ca-Al associated > Fe associated > humic bound > water soluble P. In basmati-wheat system, application of recommended rates of NPK and adoption of INM improved available P in soil over unamended control by 75 and 100%, respectively. The comparison of three organic sources revealed that available P was the highest in soil receiving 400 kg N ha-1 through FYM followed by rice straw compost and the lowest in vermicompost-amended plots. Application of FYM significantly increased inorganic, organic and total P, SOC and labile C pools compared to INM treatments. The INM increased inorganic, organic and total P by 77, 82 and 78%, respectively over NPK. Humic-bound organic P constituted major proportion (39.5-49.5%) and water soluble organic P comprised the smallest proportion (0.83-2.5%) of organic P in soils under basmati-wheat system. Beneficial effects of different treatments on soil properties were higher in surface soil (0-7.5 cm), which decreased with soil depth. Generally, soil P fractions were positively correlated with soil C pools. Cumulative P released in 96 hours of equilibration increased with manure and fertilizer application either alone or in combination. Phosphorus release kinetics were best described by Elovich and power function equations (R2≥0.98). Results of land-use studies showed that agroforestry systems had relatively higher proportion of organic P (27%) compared to sole cropping (6-7.7%). Soil organic C was the highest (0.58%) under agroforestry and was significantly correlated with soil P fractions under sole cropping systems. Soil properties viz. clay, organic C, CaCO3 and available P content significantly influenced soil P sorption and release kinetics. Phosphorus release decreased with increase in clay and CaCO3 content. On the contrary, P release increased with increase in available P and organic C. The results suggested that P availability will be higher in coarse-textured, non-calcareous soils having higher levels of organic C and available P. Therefore, for efficient P management it is important to take into account soil texture, the existing soil P level, organic C content and calcareousness of soil. Practices that increase SOC content and ameliorate CaCO3 could lead to improved P use efficiency.ThesisItem Open Access A Study of Compliance of Basel II Norms by Selected Banks(College of Basic Science and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2011) Sharma, Sarishma; Kumar, BabitaThesisItem Open Access A Study of Corpotate Governance Practices in Selected Banks(College of Basic Science and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2011) Loi, Shifali; Kumar, BabitaThesisItem Open Access A Study of Risk Tolerance of Investors in Ludhiana(College of Basic Science and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2011) Kaur, Harpreet; Aggarwlal, NavdeepThesisItem Open Access Market orientation and its influence on performance: A study of Textile industry in Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Talwar, Lakshdeep; Babita KumarThe present study was conducted to study the extent of market orientation and its influence on performance of textile industry in Punjab. Textile industry in Punjab is mainly in three sectors- cotton, woolen and handloom sectors. A sample of 25 units each from cotton, woolen textile and handloom sectors has been taken. Further from each sector, large and MSMEs were selected on the basis of proportionate sampling. Total 19 large and 56 MSMEs were selected. Primary data related to Market orientation (M.O) and business performance was collected from marketing executives/owners through a well designed structured questionnaire based on a 5 point scale given by Kohli and Jaworski in 1993. The scale was adapted according to the textile industry. The overall extent of M.O of textile industry was found to be very low (mean Score=2.84). Among various sectors, cotton textile sector had slightly better M.O (mean score=3.4) than handloom and woolen sector (mean score=2.6 and 2.7 resp.).The M.O and business performance of textile industry were found to be positively associated but there was no significant relation between market orientation and business performance of textile industry of Punjab.ThesisItem Restricted Factors Affecting Selection Behaviour of General insurance Policy: A study ofindividual Policy holders in Ludhiana City(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Maninderpreet Singh; Gupta, MohitThe present study entitled, “ Factors affecting selection behaviour of general insurance policy : A study of individual policy holders in Ludhiana City“ aims to identify sources of information for selection of general insurance policy and to identify the factors influencing the selection behaviour of general insurance policy holders. Primary data was collected from 100 randomly selected general insurance policy holders and were interviewed personally using structured questionnaire. The most important source of information was found to be ‘return performance’ followed by ‘telecalling’ and the least important source of information was found to be ‘banks/chartered accountant’. Most important selection criteria for selecting the general insurance policy was found to be ‘objectives of insurance policy’ followed by ‘premium of general insurance policy’ and the least important criteria was found to be ‘well informed websites’. For identifying the factors regarding selection criteria factor analysis was performed using varimax rotation procedure following the criteria of eigen value greater than 1 and factor loading greater than 0.4. Four factors were identified namely; ‘policy characteristics’, ‘objectives and grievance handling’, ‘location of insurance company’ and ‘online services’.