Loading...
Thesis
Browse
8 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Restricted SALICYLIC ACID INDUCED CHANGES IN SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN MASHBEAN (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) GENOTYPES GROWN UNDER SALINITY(PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Manpreet Kaur; Navita GhaiThe present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of salicylic acid on physiological and biochemical parameters in salt sensitive (KUG 363 and KUG 310) and salt tolerant (KUG 529 and KUG 502) mashbean genotypes, along with a check variety (UL 338) grown under NaCl (30mM and 45mM) stress. The plants were grown in plastic pots kept under a rain-out shelter. NaCl was applied in split dose: 50% at the time of sowing and remaining 50% at 15 days after sowing (DAS). Salicylic acid (SA) @ 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM was applied as a foliar spray at 25 DAS. Data on various physiological and biochemical changes was recorded at 35 (vegetative stage), 50 (flowering stage) and 65 (pod setting stage) DAS. Salt stress decreased the leaf area and plant dry biomass of all the genotypes at various stages of development. The decrease in plant dry biomass led to reduction in relative growth rate and crop growth rate. Sensitive as well as tolerant genotypes showed a sharp increase in membrane permeability under saline conditions. NaCl caused a decrease in photosynthetic pigments and increase in levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content. Under saline conditions, all the genotypes showed a higher accumulation of osmotic solute proline, with tolerant genotypes accumulating more amount than sensitive ones. Antioxidant enzymes like catalase and ascorbate peroxidase showed a decrease under saline conditions. However, peroxidase activity was increased under salt stress. Maximum increase was shown in salt sensitive genotypes. Reduction in yield contributing parameters like number of pods plant-1, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and seed yield plant-1 was observed at both the levels of salinity. SA treatments had a pronounced ameliorative as well as, growth promoting effect under saline conditions. The ameliorative effect of SA was observed as increase in leaf area, relative leaf water content, water potential of leaves and photosynthetic pigments in salt-stressed plants. SA treatments increased the biosynthesis of proline under salt stress. Foliar application of SA enhanced the level of antioxidant system (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) in mashbean plants under NaCl stress and reduced the hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content. The reduction in yield and yield contributing parameters was also less in SA-treated salt-stressed plants as compared to non saline controls. However, tolerant genotypes (KUG 529 and KUG 502) and check variety (UL 338) were able to tolerate high salinity and responded better to the application of SA as compared to sensitive genotypes probably due to improved growth, metabolism and enhanced antioxidant system. Lower concentration of SA (0.5 mM) proved to be more effective to ameliorate the adverse effects of salt stress.ThesisItem Restricted Effect of value orientation on environmental ethics of rural and urban adolescents(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Manpreet Kaur; Kang, Tejpreet KaurThe investigation entitled ‘Effect of Value Orientation on Environmental Ethics of Rural and Urban Adolescents’ aimed to assess the effect of value orientation on environmental ethics of rural and urban adolescents. The study was based on a sample of 200 adolescents (i.e. 100 rural and 100 urban) in the age range of 14-16 years. The sample was randomly drawn from four Senior Secondary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban areas of Kapurthala district. Self structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on social and personal characteristics of the adolescents. Personal Values Questionnaire by Sherry and Verma (2010) and Environmental Ethics Scale by Taj (2011) were used to assess value orientation and environmental ethics of the respondents respectively. Results revealed significant gender differences in value orientation of respondents. Females were scoring better than their male counterparts. Significant locale differences existed between social, democratic, economic, power and health values among rural and urban girls. In case of boys significant locale differences were found in social, democratic, power and health values. Significant gender difference existed in rural boys and girls whereas non-significant differences were seen in case of urban boys and girls. In environmental ethics gender differences in mean scores of rural boys and girls were found to be significant whereas among urban boys and urban girls these differences were non-significant. Religious, democratic and family prestige values had made a positive and significant contribution in the environmental ethics of respondents.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis and characterization of nanosilica particles from rice husk and its effect on soil microbes and vegetative growth in tomato(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Manpreet Kaur; Kalia, AnuRice husk, a waste by-product of rice sheller industry, has serious disposal problems. Turning this waste into nanosilica particles (SiNPs) is an ecologically as well as economical prudent technology. The SiNPs were synthesized from rice husks of 3 basmati and 6 parmal rice varieties by giving the acid pre-treatment using conventional heating and microwave irradiation techniques prior to charring in muffle furnace at 7000 C. The particle size ranged from 20 to 80 nm of individual and 150 to 200 nm of the agglomerated particles for the tested varieties. The synthesized SiNPs along with other micro silica sources (i.e. Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Kaolinite and Sodium Silicate) were applied to soil at six different concentrations to assess their effect on soil properties, total microbial population, soil enzymatic activities and vegetative growth of tomato. The SiNPs and RHA application caused decrease in pH, OC and EC while enhanced the soil available Nitrogen (N). The SiNPs significantly enhanced the soil microbial population, soil dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities while significantly decreased the urease activity. A numerical increase in shoot and root length, number of laterals and total chlorophyll content of tomato cv. Chhuhara and a significant increase in rhizospheric microbial populations occurred by foliar application of SiNPs. The applied SiNPs remained on leaf surface as aggregates and were observed to be internalized through stomata as confirmed by Scanning EM and SEM-EDS studies. The tomato root-endophytic fungal interactions remained unaffected which further accentuates the beneficial effects of SiNP application in tomato.ThesisItem Open Access ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM IN WHEAT SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO WATER STRESS AND UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS ABSCISSIC ACID AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2012) Manpreet KaurThe present work was aimed to study the involvement of superoxide anions and ABA biosynthesis in germination, growth and antioxidant response under water stress (WS) and under ABA (A) supply in two wheat cultivars C306 (ABA higher sensitive-cum-drought tolerant) and PBW343 (ABA lesser sensitive-cum-drought susceptible) by using tiron (T) as superoxide scavenger and sodium tungstate (ST) as inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis. Biomass and ascorbate were decreased on scavenging superoxide ions under A in both cultivars. Antioxidant enzymes, H2O2 were decreased in PBW343 but increased in C306 on scavenging superoxide ions under A. ABA inhibitions of shoot length, root length and germination were higher in C306 than in PBW343 and these inhibitions were relieved significantly on scavenging superoxide ions in C306 not in PBW343. Fresh biomasses, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate/dehydroascorbate ratios were decreased and dehydroascorbate and malondialdehyde contents were increased on inhibiting ABA biosynthesis and on scavenging superoxide anions under water stress in both cultivars but such changes were more significant in C306 than in PBW343. Both cultivars were also compared under H2O2 (H) supply for antioxidant response and for the involvement of ABA biosynthesis under H supply. H2O2 induced antioxidant levels were higher in C306 than in PBW343. On inhibiting ABA biosynthesis under H supply, these H2O2-mediated effects were affected but not completely removed in both cultivars.ThesisItem Restricted Design and Development of Web Based Equipment(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2010) Manpreet KaurComputers are finding their way into every business, industry and research activity today. The use of computers is diverse such as entertainment, education, problem solving, research, personal management etc. In an organization, the process of maintaining the record of equipments requires processing and record keeping in different departments. Keeping in view a strong need for managing and integrating the above information effectively and efficiently, Web Based EMS has been designed and developed. Web Based EMS enables the organization to have a central facility where large amounts of information regarding equipments shall be gathered and stored. This information shall be rapidly retrieved and updated to assist authorities in making decisions. Inadequate manual processes of equipment management and the subjective decisions of authorities usually result the major economic losses. The system is capable of evaluating more alternatives than manual methods, makes better and faster decisions and provides timely and accurate information for decision making. The database has been designed using MySQL and the application has been developed using PHP, JavaScript, CSS and HTML. Web Based EMS aims to increase integration and automation, and to minimize decision errors.ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological characterization of Iranian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) land races(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Manpreet Kaur; Sarlach, R.S.The present investigation entitled “Morpho-physiological characterization of Iranian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) land races” was carried out at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2014-15 and 2015-16 with the objectives to evaluate the Iranian wheat germplasm for morpho-physiological traits and screening of germplasm for drought and micronutrient deficiency tolerance. The experiment was laid out in augmented design. Data on plant height, number of tillers per meter row length, days to flowering, days to maturity, canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, stay green habit, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, number of spikelets per spike and grain yield were recorded. During 2014-15, set of 249 Iranian wheat germplasm lines along with checks were evaluated for morphophysiological and yield component traits under irrigated conditions. Frequency distribution for the germplasm set showed wide variation for all morpho-physiological and yield components traits. During 2015-16, set of 249 Iranian wheat land races along with 15 checks were evaluated for various morpho-physiological and yield component traits under irrigated and rainfed conditions. The drought environment was created by withholding the irrigation. Analysis of variance for morpho-physiological traits and yield revealed highly significant (P<0.01) differences among the entries under both environments, indicating the genetic diversity in the set. The mean squares due to treatments were highly significant for all the traits under both rainfed and irrigated environments. On the basis of stress tolerance index (STI) value, genotypes IR243, IR121, IR216, IR175, IR2, IR244, IR88, IR20, IR19, IR213, IR141, IR54, IR242, IR12, IR246, IR75, IR207, IR181, IR87, IR21 were categorized as drought tolerant. Another experiment was sand culture using half seeds to assess tolerance to micronutrient deficiencies. Murashige and Skoog (MS) macro-salts nutrient solution was used to create micronutrient deficiency until 40 days of sowing. The observations on root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight were recorded after 40 days. Frequency distribution was found to be approximately normal for all seedling traits under micronutrient deficiency. Iranian landraces viz; IR26, IR55, IR83, IR30, IR13, IR40, IR191, IR20, IR4, IR16 were found to be the best landraces tolerant to micronutrient deficiency on the basis of seedling dry weight.ThesisItem Open Access Designing a Line of Kurtis using Phulkari Motifs for Girls(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Manpreet Kaur; Brar, Kanwaljeet KaurThe investigation entitled ‘Designing a line of kurtis using phulkari motifs for girls’ was carried out to make phulkari embroidery more versatile for the contemporary trends in kurtis and enhance its market potential. The prevailing market trends in phulkari embroidered kurtis studied through a market survey of twenty showrooms of Patiala selected through purposive sampling technique apprised the investigator regarding the availability of phulkari embroidered ready-made (75.00 %) and semi-stitched kurtis (100.00%), and kurti yardage (90.00%) in the market which lacked in the style factor of cultural fusion to which young girls are highly receptive. Phulkari motifs documented under the investigation from various primary and secondary sources were selected and categorized. Five motifs from each of the four categories, floral/foliage, geometrical, bird/animal and miscellaneous obtaining top five ranks were selected by the investigator to design the kurtis. A line of twenty designs of kurtis with phulkari embroidery was developed by using Corel Draw X3. Preferences of ninety college-going girls, representing the target segment of consumers, selected randomly from three colleges of Ludhiana city revealed that A-line silhouette (mean score 3.92) was most preferred followed by tubular silhouette (mean score 3.44). Girls preferred Chanderi silk (mean score 4.17) fabric most for phulkari embroidered kurtis followed by raw silk (mean score 3.47) and synthetic georgette (mean score 3.38). Boat neckline (mean score 4.02) and round neckline (mean score 3.85) were preferred over U (mean score 3.55), square (mean score 3.43), V- necklines (mean score 2.98). Band collar was most preferred by majority of the respondents. Binding (83.33%), ribbons (64.45%) and Swarovski (50.00%) were most liked. Out of twenty developed designs of phulkari embroidered kurtis, six most preferred designs were prepared. Evaluation of the prepared kurtis was done by a sub-sample of thirty randomly selected respondents. The silhouette of the prepared kurti K11 was most preferred with mean score 3.20 which obtained first rank. Motifs as well as colour combinations of kurti K20 (mean score 3.10 each) was most preferred by the respondents. Both K11 and K20 (mean score 3.66 each) obtained first rank for overall preference. Kurtis K8, K16, K20 (mean score 2.46) were liked most for the embellishments. The quoted prices for the prepared kurti design K3, K8, K11 were found to be adequate with profit margins of 28.38, 27.87, and 29.64 per cent, respectively. The cost of production is expected to be lower on being mass produced.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis and antifungal activity of Mannich bases and their transition metal complexes(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Manpreet Kaur; Manpreet KaurIn the present work Mannich base ligands and their transition metal complexes with Cr(III), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) salts were synthesized by ultrasonicator and conventional technique respectively. The crude products were purified by successive washings with ethanol and characterized on the basis of physical measurements and spectral studies. The antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds was screened in vitro against Bipolaris oryzae and Fusarium verticilloides using spore germination inhibition method in comparison with Propiconazole 25 EC taken as a standard to reveal the potency of the synthesized compounds. All the synthesized compounds possessed moderate antifungal potential. Most of the compounds have ED50 values significantly higher as compared to Propiconazole 25 EC. The observed trend for antifungal activity was: Mannich base ligands< Transition metal complexes< Propiconazole 25 EC. The increased activity of metal complexes can be attributed to enhanced lipophilicity on chelation.