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2016 - 20202
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Author: Khushwinder Kaur × Start date: 2015 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on inheritance of fertility restoration in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Khushwinder Kaur; Dhatt, Ajmer Singh
    Brinjal, an often cross-pollinated crop is exploited in heterosis breeding due to advantages for yield, horticultural and quality traits. However, hand emasculation and pollination process makes the hybrid seed production costly, which can be reduced by using male sterility mechanism. Recently, Department of Vegetable Science, PAU Ludhiana has developed male sterile and restorer lines in brinjal. But the inheritance of fertility restoration was yet to determine for further use in different breeding programs. Therefore, the present investigation „Study on inheritance of fertility restoration in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)‟ was planned, where; four CMS (D-CMS 291A, D-CMS 99A, D-CMS5A and D-CMS 72A) and restorer lines (R 2-1, R 3-4, R 6-2 and R 2596-2) lines were used to develop F1, F2 and BC1P2 populations. Phenotyping of all segregation populations and analysis with chi-square test revealed involvement of single dominant gene (Rf) for fertility restoration. All the male fertile plants exhibited normal anthers filled with pollen grains, while the sterile plants had shrivelled anthers devoid of pollen grains. Further, pollen fertility analysis through pollen stainability, pollen germination and pollen index indicated that restorer R 2-1 had highest pollen fertility than the others. The germination media M5 containg 0.5% agar + 300ppm calcium nitrate + 5% sucrose + 50mg/l boric acid + 400 mg/l PEG 4000 exhibited highest pollen germination. The restorer R 2-1 also exhibited better floral and horticultural traits compared with other three. Out of 29 primer pairs used, only 9 primers displayed polymorphism between the parental DNA on 3% agarose and were then subjected to BSA (Bulk segregant analysis). But, none of them distinguished between the male sterile and male fertile bulks. This indicated that none of the primers used is linked to the Rf gene. For further testimony, either these bulks can be subjected to QTLseqr or as now chromosome anchored genome of brinjal is available, so new set of primers can be designed and validated to find any closely linked marker to the fertility restorer gene.
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    Development of antimicrobial finish for cotton using selected plant sources
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Khushwinder Kaur; Bains, Sandeep
    The present study was conducted to develop antimicrobial finish for cotton fabric using natural plant sources. Twenty plant species were identified and Disk method was used to study their antimicrobial properties. Out of twenty plant sources four plants having maximum antimicrobial activity were selected. The selected four medicinal plants were Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove), Eclipta alba (False daisy), Plumbago zeylanica (Leadwort), and Mentha Arvenesis (Mint). The parts of plant sources were dried, powdered, grinded and extracted with appropriate solvents (ethanol, methanol, chloroform) by Soxhlet extraction method. The concentration of plant extracts were optimized on the basis of antimicrobial activity. The concentration selected were 3, 5, 7g/l and were worked for 12, 18, 24 hours. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was checked with Disk Diffusion method. The results indicated that the zone diameter of Clove and Mint extracts with 7g/l concentration and 24 hours against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria was significantly higher than that of Leadwort and False daisy extracts with same concentration and time. The extracts with optimized parameters were applied to the fabric with direct application using pad-dry-cure method and with microencapsulation technique. After direct application treatment Clove showed maximum antimicrobial activity with minimum value of absorbance value 0.50 followed by False daisy, Leadwort, and Mint with optical density of 1.57, 1.69 and 1.71 respectively. The physical properties of untreated and treated fabrics were assessed to determine the appearance, performance and serviceability of the fabric. The test samples were assessed for fabric weight, thickness, tensile strength, drapability, bending length, flexural rigidity, crease recovery, moisture regain, elongation using standard test methods. The efficacy of the finish was analyzed after washing all the finished samples in ‘Launder-o-meter’ by using standard test method ISO: 6330-1984E. The fabric samples were then subjected to antimicrobial testing and the bacterial growth was analyzed after 5, 10, 15 and 20 washing cycles. The results showed that the absorbance value was minimum for 0 washes i.e. 0.894 and it increased to 1.146, 1.276, 1.574, 1.891 after 5, 10, 15, 20 washes respectively. Hence, the antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated finish was effective till 15 wash cycles.