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Author: Jasleen Kaur × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Temperature Dependent Electrical Conductivity of Soymilk during Ohmic Heating
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Jasleen Kaur; Paramjit Singh
    Ohmic heating, also known as „resistive heating‟ or „Joule heating‟ is a process when electrical current is passed through a conducting substance and due to its internal resistance heat is generated within that conducting substance. The present study aimed to design, built ohmic heating system and ohmic heating behavior was studied in soymilk. Study was conducted on five different voltage gradients (14, 12, 10, 8 and 6V/cm) and concentrations (100, 90, 80, 70, 60%) in the temperature range 30 to 70 ˚C. Ohmic heating behavior of any sample is affected by different parameters like electrical conductivity, viscosity, pH, soluble solids etc. Results indicated that there was a significant effect of voltage gradients and concentrations on the heating rate and heating rate showed a linear behavior. Also, plots between temperature and electrical conductivity depicted a linear trend. Other parameters- viscosity, pH and total soluble solids (TSS) were measured before and after ohmic heating. Statistical analysis was done on all of these parameters and it was concluded that ohmic heating had no effect on viscosity and TSS of sample, but there was a significant effect of this treatment on pH at 14 and 6V/cm and non-significant effect on rest of the voltage gradients. System performance coefficient (SPC) was calculated for all voltage gradients and all concentrations. It was observed that SPC was higher for 14V/cm for all concentrations and its value decreased as we decrease the voltage gradient.
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    Designing of one piece dresses from used jeans
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Jasleen Kaur; Mahajan, Surabhi
    The present investigation was undertaken to study the reutilization of old jeans for making one piece dresses. The study was conducted on the college going girls in three different colleges of Punjab Agricultural University. An interview schedule was used for collecting data from ninety respondents regarding the preferences for the silhouettes and embellishments of one piece dresses to be prepared from used jeans. The results of the investigation were interpreted using percentages, mean scores and chi-square. The results of the collected data revealed that most preferred silhouette types were shirt, wrap, a-line, sheath and princess line. Printing and trimmings were the most preferred embellishment type to be placed on neck and waist. Majority of respondents preferred white, pink, light purple, light green and black as the colour of the embellishment. Fifteen designs were developed using most preferred silhouettes, type, colour and placement of embellishments in CorelDraw X7. Five most preferred designs by the experts were selected and constructed. The constructed dresses were evaluated by the respondents on the basis of their overall appearance on a five point scale. Most of the respondents considered the prepared dresses as excellent and very good. Maximum number of respondents liked the idea of reutilization of jeans for making one piece dresses. Also, majority of the respondents considered the estimated price of the dresses as adequate. An effort was also made to assess the market price of prepared one piece dresses and the result showed that all the constructed one piece dresses were saleable within a selling price range `1000-1800.