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2020 - 20234
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Author: Harpreet Kaur × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Development and quality evaluation of wheat breads enriched with different forms of fenugreek
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Harpreet Kaur; Kamaljit Kaur
    The effect of different forms of fenugreek (fresh leaves, dried leaves, seed powder and germinated seed powder) on the bread dough and quality of fortified bread were studied by evaluating functional, physicochemical, biochemical, farinographic, textural and rheological properties. Incorporation of fenugreek seeds and leaves improved the colour of bread crumb and crust. Supplementation of breads with different forms of fenugreek improved the nutritional, functional, colour and biochemical components such as total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total flavonoids, FRAP and metal chelating activity. Highest protein content was found in breads supplemented with germinated seed powder whereas highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in breads supplemented with fresh fenugreek leaf paste. However, due to dilution of gluten in wheat flour, loaf and specific volume decreased and the texture of bread becomes significantly hard with the increase in the level of fenugreek. Rheologically, all the samples showed non-newtonian behaviour and the lowest viscosity values were observed for control sample. Breads supplemented with 2% dried fenugreek leaf powder, 8% raw fenugreek seed powder, 6% germinated fenugreek seed powder and 12% fresh fenugreek leaf paste had the highest overall acceptability score and were selected as best. The seven days storage studies at ambient temperature and refrigerated temperature revealed that selected breads were shelf stable up to seven days under refrigerated conditions due to the higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of fenugreek. Hence, fenugreek seeds and leaves can be used as a functional ingredient for the development of breads to enhance nutritional, rheological, farinographic, functional, biochemical and storage stability of breads.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of imidacloprid on reproductive performance of Eudrilus eugeniae and Metaphire posthuma
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Harpreet Kaur; Hundal, S.S.
    The current study investigated the effect of neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid on the reproductive performance of exotic earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae and indigenous earthworm Metaphire posthuma. The experiments were conducted in the Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The earthworm species were exposed to different concentrations of imidacloprid (1.00, 2.50, 4.00, 5.50 and 7.00 mg/kg dry soil) to calculate the LC50 value. Dosages were selected based upon the studies performed by earlier workers. The LC50value calculated was 3.19 mg/kg (2.65 mg/kg ~3.74 mg/kg) and 2.23 mg/kg (1.87 mg/kg ~2.59 mg/kg) for earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae and Metaphire posthuma respectively. In artificial test soil Eudrilus eugeniae and Metaphire posthumawere exposed to different doses (0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg) to evaluate reproductive potential along with biochemical and genotoxicity studies as per OECD guidelines. Upon exposure to doses (0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg) a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight was observed in both the earthworm species. Subsequently cocoon production and hatching success in dose 0.3 mg/kg decreased significantly (p<0.05) tending towards nil in doses 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg. Mortality due to morphological alterations was 0.33% and 10% for Eudrilus eugeniae and Metaphire posthuma respectively in 1.0 mg/kg dose. The activity of AchE and GST are potential biomarker to assess toxicity levels. The inhibited activity of these enzymes in the applied doses followed an increasing pattern 0.3< 0.6< 1.0 mg/kg. Comet assay revealed a high DNA damage in both the earthworm species. These laboratory studies have revealed that effect of imidacloprid is species specific as well as dose and duration dependent leading to toxicity in earthworm physiology. Metaphire posthuma the indigenous species is more susceptible as compared to Eudrilus eugeniae leading to loss of soil fauna.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Dissipation and persistence of indoxacarb and thiamethoxam in chilli
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Harpreet Kaur; Sharma, Smriti
    Supervised field trials were conducted for two consecutive years to study the residues of indoxacarb and thiamethoxam in chilli, following two foliar applications of Indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 55 and 110 g a.i. ha-1 and seed treatment of Thiamethoxam 30 FS @ 2.1 and 4.2 g a.i. ha-1. The chilli fruit samples were collected at different time intervals and were processed by following QuEChERS methodology and determination of indoxacarb and thiamethoxam residues were done by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The average initial deposits of indoxacarbon green chilli fruits were found to be 2.75 and 5.93 mg kg-1 while 2.56 and 5.68 mg kg-1 respectively, in year 2019 and 2020, that reached below its limit of quantification (0.01 mg kg-1) after 25 and 35 days at single and double dose, respectively. The mean residues of thiamethoxam in seedlings, green chilli fruits and red chilli fruits were observed to be below its limit of quantification (0.05 mg kg-1). The half-life value of indoxacarb in green chilli was calculated to be 3.46-4.77 and 3.58-3.76 days while 3.85 and 4.93 days in soil, respectively at single and double the recommended dose. Household processing methods were studied for reduction of residues of indoxacarb in chilli and it was observed that boiling found most effective (71.27-78.75%) followed by acetic acid + washing (70.74-74.73%), followed by sodium chloride + washing (60.06-75.75%) and baking soda + washing (61.22-74.91%). Sun drying of red chilli fruits resulted in increase in the residues of indoxacarb by 1.58-2.10 folds and thiamethoxam residues by 2.62-2.83 folds.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of inbred lines and their hybrids in maize for protein quality and β-carotene
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-, 2020) Harpreet Kaur; Gill, Gurjit Kaur
    Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop for livestock, feed and nutrition, worldwide. Sixty hybrid combinations of maize were generated through Line x Tester mating design using fifteen lines of LM13 versions and four testers of LM14 versions as parental material along with two standard checks PMH1 and HQPM to study combining ability, heterosis and Genotype x Environment interactions. The parents, hybrids were evaluated along with two standard checks during kharif 2018 and spring 2019 at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur. Data for eight agronomic and five biochemical parameters were recorded. The mean sum of square due to year, location, genotype, parents, crosses and parents vs crosses for all agronomic traits were significant except days to maturity as well as for all biochemical traits except starch content. Among female line 13CLO-6, 13CLO-14, 13CLO-15 and 13CLO-16 were good combiner for ear length, ear girth, yield per plot, 1000 kernel weight and shelling %. Among the testers, 14CLO-1 and 14CLO-3 were found good combiner for all yield and yield contributing traits. For biochemical traits, line 13CLO-5 was good combiner for tryptophan, starch and oil content,13CLO-15 was good combiner for protein and β- carotene content. Tester 14CLO-3 was good combiner for tryptophan and β- carotene. Among crosses viz., (L9 X T2, L12 X T2, L14 X T3, L4 X T4, L8 X T4 and L13 X T4) were having significantly better specific combining ability effects for days to maturity, ear length, ear girth, yield per plot,1000 kernel weight and shelling %. Crosses viz., (L1 X T1, L6 X T2, L3 X T4, L14 X T2, L11 X T3 and T8 X T4) were also significantly better specific combiner for biochemical traits like protein, tryptophan and β- carotene contents. Top five crosses were (13CLO-3 X 14CLO-4, 13CLO-14 X 14CLO-3, 13CLO-15 X 14CLO-4, 13CLO-6 X 14CLO-2 and 13CLO-2 X 14CLO-4) having significant and desirable SCA effects and heterosis for most of the traits indicating potential to exploit hybrid vigour for breeding programme. All the converted lines, testers and hybrids showed the presence of crtRB1 and o2 genes at 543 bp band and 150 bp band respectively. The validity of the results promises that the hybrids generated are nutritionally enriched.