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Author: Hardeep Kaur × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of growth performance of woody perennial saplings raised in organic wastes
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2022) Hardeep Kaur; Dubey, R. K.
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of growth performance of woody perennial saplings raised in organic wastes” was carried out at Landscape nursery, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during year 2021-22 with an objective to evaluate the growth performance of tree and shrub saplings in different organic wastes and standardize the organic waste-based growing media for raising healthy and disease-free saplings. Five different tree and shrub species were planted in six different organic waste-based growing media. The xperiment was laid out in completely randomized design and the data for different growth attributes were statistically analysed. The seedling and root growth parameters were found maximum in T5 i.e., press mud media. Among the trees, the highest seedlings were observed in P. roxburghii (31.27 cm) while among shrubs in L. indica (32.19 cm) and L. camara (22.24 cm). The root collar diameter among trees was found maximum in P. roxburghii (4.53 mm) while among shrubs in L. camara (4.07 mm) and L. indica (5.37 mm). However, most number of primary branches per plant in terms of tree species was recorded in K. paniculata (2.77) and among shrubs in T. divaricata (4.52) and L. indica (3.31). The shoot dry weight for both trees and shrub species was also found to be maximum in pressmud media which was highest in P. roxburghii (4.26 g) among trees and L. camara (4.09 g) and L. indica (4.89 g) among shrub species. The survival percentage among different treatments was found to be maximum in B. variegata (94.81%) among trees and among shrubs in T. divaricata (94.07%) and T. peruviana (93.33%) grown in press mud media (T5). As for root growth characteristics, the primary root length was found maximum in K. paniculata (26.62 cm) among trees while in shrub species in L. camara (23.20 cm) and T. peruviana (21.56 cm). The primary root diameter was found to be best in P. roxburghii (3.57 mm) among trees while in shrub species in L. camara (3.29 mm) and T. peruviana (3.66 mm). While root dry weight among tress species was found to be maximum in K. paniculata (4.95 g) whereas among shrub species B. sempervensis (3.64g) and T. peruviana (3.30 g) grown in press mud media (T5). The chemical and physical properties were also found to be best in press mud based treatment T5. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the press mud based organic waste media can be used for raising the trees and shrubs nursery successfully.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morphological and molecular screening for powdery mildew resistance in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Hardeep Kaur; Dhall, R. K.
    The screening for powdery mildew resistance was carried out in the field using 159 genotypes of garden pea. It was observed that 64 genotypes were found highly resistant (PDI=0%) while 24 genotypes were showed highly susceptible reaction (PDI >75%) towards powdery mildew incidence. Further, molecular screening for powdery mildew was carried out for validation of selected SSR markers (AD60, AD141, AA374, A5) and SCAR (ScOPX 04880, ScX17-1400). The results revealed that the AD60, AD141 and ScX17-1400 showed polymorphism between susceptible (Lincoln) and resistant checks (JI 0210, JI 2302, JI 1451, JI 1559) which were further used on highly resistant and highly susceptible genotypes observed at morphological level. The similar findings for powdery mildew resistance were obtained at both morphological and molecular level. Besides, variability studies were also conducted on 159 genotypes for 14 different morphological traits and observed that there was sufficient variability in the studied germplasm. The estimates of PCV and GCV were found to be high for number of pods/plant, plant height and total yield/plant. Heritability and genetic advance expressed as percent mean was found to be high for all the traits under study. The significant positive correlation was found for total yield/plant with all the traits except for plant height and shelling percentage. On the basis of mean performance, the genotypes viz. Winner, MA-6 and MA-7 were found to be early in maturity, while PB-90, PB-89 and 2009/PMVAR-6 were high yielders. In diversity analysis, studied germplasm was grouped into six clusters through K-mean analysis while three major groups and two separate lineages were formed in hierarchical (UPGMA) method.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Isolation and screening of sulphur oxidizing bacteria as potential biofertilizer
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Hardeep Kaur; Gosal, S.K.
    The present investigation was conducted to isolate and screen sulphur oxidizing bacteria from different soil samples including FYM, compost, mulching field, rhizospheric soil of rice, wheat, sugarcane, onion, potato, maize, chick pea, fodder crops and various mustard crops. A total of 40 different sulphur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) were isolated. Most of the bacterial isolates showed irregular, flat colonies of different colour , short rods and were gram negative. Biochemical characterization of the bacterial isolates indicated that most of these were oxidase, urease, citrate and catalase positive whereas negative for MR-VP test. Functional characterization of these isolates showed that SOB10, SOB38 and SOB5 produced maximum amount of sulphate ion 13.529, 9.780 and 9.638 mM, respectively. Out of the 40 SOB isolates, twenty seven isolates were able to solubilize phosphate whereas, twenty two isolates were able to solubilize zinc. Similarly, the respective isolates were analyzed quantitatively for phosphate solubilization and highest value was recorded with isolate SOB12 (4.285 μg/ml). Thirteen, among the isolates were found with higher ammonia production and the amount of ammonia excretion ranged between 0.311-28.88 μg/ml. The maximum amount (28.88 μg/ml) of ammonia was excreted by isolate SOB15. All the isolates were able to produce IAA, while isolate SOB15 produced maximum IAA (7.57 μg/ml) followed by isolate SOB7 (7.29 μg/ml) in tryptophan supplemented medium. Three sulphur oxidizers SOB10, SOB38 and SOB5 were found superior in terms of functional characteristics and tested for their biofertilizer potential. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of sulphur oxidizing bacteria on soil microbial dynamics, nutrient availability, plant nutrient uptake and growth parameters. Significantly higher bacterial (108 CFU x 107 /g soil), diazotrophic (76 CFU x 105 /g soil), PSB (48 CFU x 103 /g soil) and sulphur oxidizing bacteria (59 CFU x 105 /g soil ) population was recorded with the application of SOB Mix + consortium biofertilizer. Maximum count of fungi (25 CFU x 103 /g soil) was observed in SOB Mix + 100% sulphur whereas, actinomycetes (78 CFU x 105 /g soil) in uninoculated control. It was observed that increase in dose of sulphur from 75% to 100% resulted greater effect on microbial population of soil. Maximum soil alkaline phosphatase (3.21 μg/hr/g soil), dehydrogenase (56.62μg TPF/hr /g soil) and urease (668.10 μg/hr/g soil) activity was observed where SOB Mix + consortium biofertilizer + 100% sulphur was applied. Soil available N (243.02 kg/ha), P (15.77 kg/ha), K (121.88kg/ha) and S (14.773 ppm) were found highest in treatment with SOB Mix + consortium biofertilizer +100% sulphur. Plant N (1.68 g/plant), P (0.98 g/plant), K (1.57 g/plant) and S (1.98 g/plant) uptake was recorded highest with application of SOB Mix + consortium biofertilizer + 100% sulphur. Plant growth parameters viz, plant height, root-shoot dry weight, number of primary and secondary branches were maximum in treatment having SOB Mix + consortium biofertilizer +100% sulphur. The integrated use of SOB Mix, consortium biofertilizer and 100% sulphur boosts soil health and plant growth parameters of Gobhi sarson. Hence, sulphur oxidizing bacteria as SOB Mix stood successfuly on all grounds of a potential biofertilizer.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Allelopathic potential of rice on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link and Phalaris minor Retz.
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Hardeep Kaur; Navjyot Kaur
    The present study was conducted to study the allelopathic potential of six rice varieties (PR 115, PR 124, PR 118, Pusa Punjab Basmati-1509, Punjab Basmati-3 and Basmati-386) against germination and seedling growth of Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa colona and Phalaris minor. Shoot extracts (5%) of non-basmati rice varieties prepared from 50 days old plants had more detrimental effect on germination and seedling growth of E. crus-galli as compared to basmati rice varieties. PR 124, a non-basmati variety exhibited maximum inhibitory effect on germination, SVI I and II with 88.4, 95.8 and 98.6% reduction than respective controls. Root extracts (5%) of Punjab Basmati- 3, most severely affected germination, SVI I and II of E-crus-galli with 79.8, 86.9 and 96.2% reduction than respective controls. Shoot extracts of basmati varieties reduced germination, SVI I and II of E. colona by 56.7 to 73.1%, 81.1 to 87.6% and 87.6 to 96.1% than respective controls. Shoot extracts of Basmati-386 and root extracts of Punjab Basmati-3 exhibited maximum inhibitory effect on germination and seedling growth of E. colona. Paddy straw extracts (5%) of non-basmati varieties caused 26.1 to 64.8% reduction in germination, 38.9 to 78.3% reduction in SVI I and 4 to 73.6% reduction in SVI II as compared to respective controls. Paddy straw extract of basmati varieties caused 34.3 to 58.6% reduction in germination, 41.1 to 68.6% reduction in SVI I and 13.7 to 78.3% reduction in SVI II as compared to their respective controls. Maximum inhibitory effect on P. minor germination (64.8%) was exerted by paddy straw extract of PR 115. Whereas, in all cases extract of vegetative and harvesting stages caused increase in membrane leakage of seedlings with concomitant reduction in chlorophyll, carotenoid, total soluble sugars and total soluble protein content.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARISON OF COVERAGE OF NEWS IN DIFFERENT NEWSPAPERS
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Hardeep Kaur; Sarabjeet Singh
    The present research was undertaken with a view to compare the coverage of news, including agricultural and rural news, in various newspapers with different parameters and to find biasness, if any, in publication of the news. Three English newspapers i.e. Hindustan Times, The Tribune and The Indian Express were selected for this quantitative and qualitative study conducted on 15 randomly selected news stories with 12 parameters. It was found that Hindustan Times and The Tribune covered more stories with boxes as compared to The Indian Express. Similarly, The Tribune and The Indian Express published maximum stories with pictures whereas Hindustan Times published least pictures. The study also pointed to the fact that there were major differences in number of columns as well as word count. Both the parameters were almost doubled in many news stories. This shows that while one newspaper accorded top importance, the others gave half the space and display. From the study it was also found that even news sent by PTI were not carried equally by all newspapers. The study of all these three newspapers revealed that the newspapers vary in coverage of particular news as per their editorial policies and space consideration, but it is hard to conclude that the newspapers under the present sample were biased despite having variance in coverage. Each newspaper provided different bits of information in a particular news story which of course, adds uniqueness and ingenuity to the newspapers. s