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20163
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Author: Gurpreet Kaur × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of an Expert System to Estimate the Specifications of Submersible Pump System Based on Geographical Information
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Gurpreet Kaur; Derminder Singh
    Escalated need of water resources has created an issue of declination of water table depth in most of the parts of the state of Punjab (India) during past two decades. Thus there is an acute need to identify the spatial status of water table depth for the effective management of water resources. In this research, groundwater depth maps were prepared with the help of Geographical Information System and an expert system was developed using Java Standard Edition 7 which provide appropriate selection of submersible pump set and required associated components such as power cable wire diameter, length, generator capacity, ammeter rating, voltmeter rating, capacitor rating and Polyvinyl Chloride pipe diameter based on the spatial information of last 18 years (1998-2015) of ground water table for the state of Punjab. The developed system will be beneficial for the farmer’s in estimation of the required submersible pumping system and allied electrical components.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ultrasonic studies of honey at different moisture content and temperatures
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Gurpreet Kaur; Paramjit Singh
    The composition of natural honey present in the world is different and India too produces honey from various floral sources with wide variations in physicochemical and rheological characteristics. From, last decades honey has been a prime target of adulteration for economic gain. These artificial honey which can be made poorer in quality by adding amounts of sucrose, commercial glucose, water and other substances, often have similar taste and physical appearance as natural honey, but they lack the medicinal and nutritional properties of natural honeys. Detection of adulteration in honey is difficult, but some physicochemical properties of honey that can be easily determined which is helpful for comparison of different honey. Ultrasound is a versatile non-destructive technique and used in the food industry in both for the analysis and modification of foods. In the present study, the physicochemical properties including ultrasonic velocity, density, electrical conductivity and total soluble solids (TDS) in honey was investigated at different temperatures (20,30,40,50,60 and 70°C) and concentrations (100, 90, 80, 70 and 60%) to have the idea of effect of water adulteration and effect of heat on these properties. The ultrasonic velocity was found with ultrasonic interferometer at frequency of 1 MHz and density is measured with specific gravity bottle method. The electrical conductivity and TDS in honey was recorded from digital conductivity and TDS meter. Some thermodynamics properties of honey like surface tension, adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, bulk modulus and intermolecular free length was also calculated from the observed parameters which will provide a fundamental insight on its structural organization. All the observed parameters except density were significantly vary with the temperature and dilution. The ultrasonic velocity, density, surface tension, acoustic impedance and bulk modulus was found to be decreases with temperature and dilution of honey while electrical conductivity, TDS, adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length was increases with the applied conditions. A significant correlation was observed between electrical conductivity and TDS at all temperatures and concentrations.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Genotypic variation for water and salt stress induced proline dynamics in wheat
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Gurpreet Kaur; Asthir, Bavita
    The present study was conducted to evaluate the proline metabolism and its cross talk with various biochemical parameters in nineteen wheat genotypes viz. C 306, C 273, C 591, C 518, Type 11, Excalibar, Krichauff, Babax, Gladius, Drysdale, Kharchia, Krl 1-4, Krl 19, PBW 175, HD 2967, PBW 621, WH 1105, HD 3086 and PBW 660 raised under water deficit (8% PEG – 6000), water withholding and salt stress (300 mM NaCl) conditions. Enzymes involved in proline synthesis [glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and δ-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)] and degradation [proline dehydrogenase (PDH)] were studied in the roots and shoots of seven day old seedlings. Based on various biochemical parameters, these genotypes were categorized into four groups i.e tolerant towards water stress (Excalibar, Krichauff, Babax, Drysdale, Gladius and C 306), tolerant towards salinity stress (Kharchia, Type 11, Krl 1-4 and Krl 19), intermediate tolerant (C 273, C 518 and C 591) and susceptible towards water and salinity stress (HD 2967, PBW 621, WH 1105, HD 3086, PBW 660 and PBW 175). Genotypes tolerant to water and salt stress revealed increased proline content and 1,1 diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity alongwith reduced content of thiobarbituric acid reactive species in parallel with decreased H2O2 content. Correspondingly, higher activities of GDH, P5CS and P5CR were also observed in these genotypes. However, the declining trend of PDH activity and low contents of TBARS and H2O2 were recorded in all studied genotypes except for HD 2967, PBW 621, HD 3086, PBW 175 and WH 1105. Results were further strengthened by studying the effect of ABA and its cross talk with various parameters under different stresses in selected five genotypes viz. Gladius, Drysdale, Kharchia, PBW 660 and PBW 175. Exogenous ABA application triggered the upregulation of proline synthesis in tolerant genotypes (Kharchia, Gladius and Drysdale) which indicated a predominant role of this osmolyte in maintaining root/shoot elongation and thereby, ameliorating the deleterious effect of ROS on membrane stability both under water and salt stress conditions. Overall, results indicated that increased proline content might have contributed in upregulating proline synthesizing enzymes and thereby overcoming oxidative stress more in tolerant genotypes than susceptible ones. In crux, results indicated that GDH activity was particularly responsible in proline synthesis pathway via enhancing P5CS activity and would trigger abiotic stress tolerance. Proline metabolizing enzymes particularly P5CS and GDH could be used as a marker for enhancing tolerance to these stresses by breeders and plant biotechnologists.