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2022 - 20232
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Author: Gurpreet × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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    Characterization and identification of wild edible fungi from shivalik foot-hills region of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2023) Gurpreet; Gagandeep Kaur
    A survey was conducted in the Shivalik foothills region of Punjab to investigate its macrofungal diversity in the years 2021-2022. Sixteen samples of macrofungi were collected from the districts Pathankot, Rupnagar and Hoshiarpur. On the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, fifteen samples have been identified as Clitocybe robusta (HM 1), Trametes gibbosa (HM 2), Gymnopilus ventricosus (HM 3), Macrocybe titans (HM 5), Phellinus linteus (HM 6), Infundibulicybe gibba (HM 7), Polyporus tuberaster (HM 8), Podoscypha petalodes (HM 9), Chlorophyllum molybdites (HM 10), Macrocybe crassa (HM 11), Mycena renati (HM 12), Amanita revenelii (HM 13), Leucocoprinus cepaestipes (HM 14), Haploporus spp. (HM 15) and Lentinus concavus (HM 16). Out of these 15 samples, five samples were selected for further analysis on the basis of their similarities with edible taxa. The radial growth rate of sample HM16 (Lentinus concavus) was found to be the maximum among five samples when grown on PDA (12.53 mm/day) and CYM (15.50 mm/day), while the sample HM11 (Macrocybe crassa) showed the maximum radial growth rate (13 mm/day) on CAM. In biomass study, the highest wet biomass was obtained from the cultures HM16, HM 11, and HM 5 in all three-tested media. The sample HM 16 showed the maximum specific enzyme activity in endoglucanase (2.268 U/mg protein), exoglucanase (2.065 U/mg protein), xylanase (1.282 U/mg protein) and laccase (0.622 U/mg protein) followed by the sample HM 11. In-vitro conditions, the growth rate of HM16 was found to be the maximum on wheat straw (9.97 mm/day), paddy straw (11.91 mm/day) and saw dust (12.20 mm/day) and followed by HM 11 on wheat straw (10.30 mm/day). Cultures HM 11 and HM 16 were selected for the cultivation trial. For spawn production, mycelial growth on the 20th day was observed to be the maximum for the culture HM11. The sample HM 11 was observed to have high fruiting efficiency on wheat straw and saw dust. Cultivated fruiting bodies of sample HM 11 were subjected to DNA sequencing of 18S rRNA gene for molecular identification of the species. The species was confirmed to be Macrocybe crassa as hypothesized after physical identification. Macrocybe crassa has been identified as the first indigenous species of cultivation potential. Upon further standardization of cultivation protocol, the mushroom may be released as commercially cultivable variety for the farmers of Punjab and adjoining states.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Adoption of value added milk products by trainees of dairy development board for income generation
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Gurpreet; Gupta, Ritu Mittal
    The present study was conducted to assess the acceptability and adoption of value added milk products by trainees of Dairy Development Board for income generation. Secondary data from all the nine Dairy Training and Extension Centres (DTEC) of Dairy Development Board in Punjab were collected to identify the trainings on value added milk products conducted by each centre. Data about trainings were also taken from Northern Regional Demonstration and Training Centre, Jalandhar. Primary Data, was collected from Dairy Training and Extension Centre (DTEC), Chitamali as it provides most comprehensive trainings on value addition of milk products. Only 123 trainees of this centre were available for data collection so rest 27 trainees were selected from DTEC, Bija to complete the sample for study. Self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Acceptability was studied in terms of mental acceptance and perceived feasibility. Results revealed that round half of the respondents had medium acceptability for dairy products making followed by one third who had high acceptability. Income and land holding was significantly related with Acceptability of dairy products and caste was associated with overall Perceived Feasibility. Perceived Feasibility, Mental acceptance and Acceptability score of long duration trainees was significantly higher as compared to medium duration trainees which shows that long term trainings had more impact than medium duration trainings. Half of the respondents have adopted manufacturing of Butter at commercial level closely followed by Paneer and Curd. Around one third of respondents adopted making Desi Ghee, Flavoured Milk and Cream at commercial level. Increasing income, ample of milk production, personal interest and financial independence were the major reason for adoption of dairy products at commercial level. Financial constraints, less additional income, lack of skill, lack of family support and high risk in start activity were the major reasons for non-adoption at commercial level. Lack of space, inadequate credit facilities, high rate of interest on loans and quality issues were major reasons for discontinuance at commercial level. the study highlights the need to focus on long duration trainings along with past training support mechanism ensuring quality check, marketing linkages and loans at cheaper rates.