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20222
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Author: Davinder Singh × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 ×
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    Awareness and extent of use of natural sweeteners in daily diet by women of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2022) Davinder Singh; Kanwaljit Kaur
    Natural sweeteners are nutritive and provide energy to the body. Artificial sweeteners are non-nutritive. Various natural sweeteners can act as a substitute for sugar. Besides their sweetening quality, these natural sweeteners are also non-toxic and safe to use. The role of women in the balanced nutritional intake of family members is of utmost importance. The primary responsibility to take care of the health of every family member is on the woman in the house. Woman can change the diet of the family in an exemplary fashion. Keeping these facts in minds study was conducted to measure awareness level of urban and rural women regarding use and benefits of selected natural sweeteners. Four natural sweeteners i.e. Jaggery,Shakkar, Honey and Stevia were selected for study. Extent of use of these selected natural sweeteners in daily diet was also assessed. The study was conducted on 100 urban and 100 rural women in four districts of Punjab. Data were collected by using interview schedule. Study finding revealed that 89 per cent urban and 79 per cent rural women were using three natural sweeteners i.e. jaggery, shakkar, and honey. Ninety nine percent of rural and urban respondents were not aware about stevia and they were not using at all. Medium level of awareness regarding benefits of jaggery, shakkar and honey was observed by 55 per cent of rural as well as urban respondents. But low level of awareness regarding nutrients and nutritive value of natural sweeteners was seen in all respondents (rural and urban). Level of awareness regarding benefits of jaggery and shakkar was more in rural respondents as compare to urban respondents. Extent of use of shakkar for making the value added products was highest as compare to other three selected natural sweeteners. So it is suggested that the professionals who are involved in promotion of organic farming should create awareness among people related to stevia. Subject Matter Specialist of Food and Nutrition Department should create awareness regarding nutrients and nutritive value of natural sweeteners. Awareness should to created about different value added products of natural sweeteners i.e. jaggery, honey and stevia. It may motivate women to start small scale enterprises in value added products of natural sweeteners.
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    Geo-referenced inventorization and mapping of groundwater quality parameters of Ferozepur district of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Davinder Singh; Dhanwinder Singh
    A systematic study was conducted to assess the groundwater quality of Ferozepur district for drinking as well as irrigation purposes. Grid based, 604 groundwater samples were collected from November 2021 to April 2022 and GPS location of each was recorded. The water samples were analysed for pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, F-, NO3-, SO42-, HCO3-, As, B, Se, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. The spatial variability maps for all these parameters were built using ArcGIS software. Considering these parameters, groundwater quality was evaluated, both w.r.t drinking and irrigation purposes. It was observed that parameters TDS, TH, Na+, K+, Mg2+, HCO3-, NO3-, SO42-, F-, B, As and Se were above their respective acceptable limits for drinking purpose. Among different blocks of Ferozepur district, Ghall Khurd was the most affected block with a considerable number of water samples not suitable for drinking purpose and Mamdot was the least affected one. However, the groundwater was not polluted with heavy metals as the heavy metal pollution index was Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and anions were in the order HCO3- >SO42- >Cl- >F-. According to Gibbs plot and different scatter diagrams, rock-water interaction, evaporation, direct ion exchange process and silicate weathering were the major hydrogeochemical processes affecting the groundwater chemistry in the Ferozepur district. Piper diagram indicated that most of the water was of magnesium bicarbonate type and sodium chloride type. Overall, the water needs proper management practice before drinking use and in areas having marginal quality waters, proper recommendations must be adopted for irrigation use. The study suggests that long term monitoring and proper management must be done, so as to prevent any human health hazard and to get sustained crop productivity in the Ferozepur district.