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2010 - 20163
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Author: Anuradha × End date: 2017 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Marketing of Guava in Punjab- An Economic Analysis
    (PAU, 2010) Anuradha
    The present study was undertaken to examine the trends in area, production, yield, market arrivals and of guava in Punjab along with marketing channels, market margins and price spread. Guava occupy an area of 8183 hectares with an annual production is 155526 m tons. Patiala and Amritsar districts with the highest concentration of guava production during the year 2007-08 were selected for the purpose of this study. A sample of 60 farmers (28 farmers from Amritsar district and 32 from Patiala district) was selected randomly. The study revealed that each sample farmers had 2.69 hectares of area under the guava. Per holding production of guava was 487.77 quintals. The marketed surplus was high to extent of about 98.83 per cent. As high as 79.95 per cent of area under guava was leased out to the contractors and only 23.05 per cent of farmers retained themselves. Most of pre-harvest contractors sold their fruit in Delhi market. Delhi is the biggest consuming market in entire north India. The overall rate of contract on per hectare basis was about Rs.131529. The marketing season of guava started from the month of July every year and closed by the end of February. The price indices were higher when the arrival of guava in the market was low. The producer’s share in consumer’s rupee in Amritsar district was 51.44 per cent and in Patiala district 51.28 per cent through pre-harvest contractors and 72.68 and 71.26 through direct sale. The study also brought out various marketing and production related constraints and also implies some suggestions in marketing system in both the districts.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Marketing of Guava in Punjab- An Economic Analysis
    (2010) Anuradha
    The present study was undertaken to examine the trends in area, production, yield, market arrivals and of guava in Punjab along with marketing channels, market margins and price spread. Guava occupy an area of 8183 hectares with an annual production is 155526 m tons. Patiala and Amritsar districts with the highest concentration of guava production during the year 2007-08 were selected for the purpose of this study. A sample of 60 farmers (28 farmers from Amritsar district and 32 from Patiala district) was selected randomly. The study revealed that each sample farmers had 2.69 hectares of area under the guava. Per holding production of guava was 487.77 quintals. The marketed surplus was high to extent of about 98.83 per cent. As high as 79.95 per cent of area under guava was leased out to the contractors and only 23.05 per cent of farmers retained themselves. Most of pre-harvest contractors sold their fruit in Delhi market. Delhi is the biggest consuming market in entire north India. The overall rate of contract on per hectare basis was about Rs.131529. The marketing season of guava started from the month of July every year and closed by the end of February. The price indices were higher when the arrival of guava in the market was low. The producer’s share in consumer’s rupee in Amritsar district was 51.44 per cent and in Patiala district 51.28 per cent through pre-harvest contractors and 72.68 and 71.26 through direct sale. The study also brought out various marketing and production related constraints and also implies some suggestions in marketing system in both the districts.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of different growth regulators on rooting of stem cutting in Bougainvillea
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Anuradha; Grewal, H.S.
    The present investigations entitled “Effect of different growth regulators on rooting of stem cuttings in Bougainvillea” were undertaken at research farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana in difficult to root Bougainvillea varieties viz. Shubra, Lady Mary Baring and Zakiriana during 2015-16. In all the three varieties, stem cuttings were treated with different growth regulator concentrations and combinations for long duration (12h) and quick dip (<5 sec) and planted in the polybags containing garden soil. In the cuttings treated for quick dip (<5sec), IBA 2000 ppm resulted in maximum mean number of shoots (1.64), mean shoot length (7.07 cm), mean number of leaves (24.91), mean number of branches (2.17) and mean number of roots (3.75) of cuttings among all the growth regulator treatments. The treatment with NAA 2000 ppm resulted in maximum mean shoot emergence (35.56%) and establishment of plants (32.22%), however, treatment with NAA+IBA (100+500) ppm resulted in maximum mean root length (10.50 cm). Among all the three varieties, Zakiriana was the best with maximum shoot emergence (35.00%), number of shoots(1.30), average shoot length (5.10 cm), number of leaves (25.02), number of branches (1.30), number of roots (2.49), average length of roots (9.04 cm) and establishment of plants (32.33%). In the cuttings treated for long duration (12h), NAA+IBA (100+100) ppm resulted in maximum mean shoot emergence (40.00%) among all the growth regulator treatments. The treatment with IBA 500 ppm resulted in the maximum mean number of shoots (1.86), mean shoot length (7.11 cm), number of branches (1.84), number of roots (3.07). The treatment with NAA 500 ppm resulted in maximum mean number of branches (1.84), however, treatment with NAA+IBA (50+100) ppm resulted in the maximum mean number of leaves (28.81). The maximum mean per cent establishment (35.56%) of plants was observed in treatment with NAA+IBA (100+50) ppm. Among all the three varieties, Zakiriana was the best with maximum shoot emergence (44.33%), number of shoots(1.69), average shoot length (6.12 cm), number of leaves (30.80), number of branches (1.72), number of roots (2.64), average length of roots (13.25 cm) and establishment of plants (39.67%).