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2018 - 20193
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Author: Amanpreet Kaur × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enhancing carbohydrate and starch accumulation in microalgae for bioethanol production
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Amanpreet Kaur; Taggar, Monica Sachdeva
    The present study was carried out to optimize the culture conditions for enhancing carbohydrate and starch accumulation in Chlorella sorokiniana for the bioethanol production. The growth and biomass of microalgae was studied with the sparging of carbon dioxide into the culture medium. The mean growth (0.70), fresh biomass (7983.33 mg l-1), dry biomass (1516.67 mg l-1) and biomass productivity (163.33 mg l-1 day-1) of microalgae was higher with the sparging of carbon dioxide into the culture medium. The effect of different concentrations of potassium nitrate, i.e. 4, 2 and 1 g l-1 in the culture medium revealed high growth (0.98), fresh (8053.33 mg l-1) and dry biomass (1556.67 mg l-1) of microalgae at 4 g l-1 potassium nitrate in the culture medium. The maximum accumulation of total carbohydrate (50.28%) and starch (34.06%) in the microalgae was observed at 1 g l-1 potassium nitrate concentration in the culture medium at 2 days after culturing (DAC) while the total soluble protein content (18.24%) was observed to be maximum at 4 g l-1 potassium nitrate concentration in the culture medium at 8 DAC. The maximum chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content of 403.22 μg g-1 fw, 346.66 μg g-1 fw and 749.88 μg g-1 fw of microalgae was observed at 4 g l-1 potassium nitrate level in the culture medium, respectively. Morphological characterization of C. sorokiniana revealed dense starch granules in the cells under nitrogen limiting conditions. Chitosan, at a concentration of 200 ppm, showed maximum flocculation (90.94%) of microalgal suspension after 60 min. Pre-treatment of microalgal biomass with 1 N sulphuric acid revealed maximum production of total (487.41 mg g-1) and reducing sugars (277.56 mg g-1). The fermentation of microalgal hydrolysate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in maximum ethanol content and yield of 0.52 g and 0.052 g g-1 biomass at 96 h of fermentation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Collection, identification and domestication of wild edible Agaricales from Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Amanpreet Kaur; Sodhi, H.S.
    Wild edible Agaricales were surveyed and collected during the month of July-September in the years 2015-2018 from five agro-climatic zones of Punjab. Total 127 mushrooms were collected; 34 mushrooms were collected from sub-mountain undulating zone, 19 wild mushrooms were collected from undulating plain zone, 36 mushrooms were collected from central plain zone, 17 from western plain zone, 21 from western zone. The mushrooms collected belong to genera Agaricus, Lepiota/ Macrolepiota, Pleurotus, Poadaxis, Clitocybe. Tissue culture of 92 wild mushrooms were obtained and total cellulases, cellobiase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase, endoxylanase and laccasse were estimated from pure cultures. Total cellulases ranged between 0.01 to 4.36 U/ml, cellobiase between 0.01 to 8.34 U/ml, endo-β-1,4-glucanase between 0.009 to 6.97 U/ml, endoxylanase between 0.28 to 16.18U/ml and laccasse was 0.02-3.74 U/ml. Based on enzyme producing capability, 18 cultures were identified to study linear growth (mm) on complete yeast agar medium (CYM) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, different pH range (5-8), temperature range (25°C-28°C). CYM was proved to be the best medium for AMN 05, AMN 71, AMN 132 and PDA was found good for AMN 14 and AMN 60. The pH 7 was proved as best pH for most of the cultures. AMN 14, AMN 39, AMN 52, AMN 54 and AMN 170 showed maximum growth at 30°C. AMN 39 and AMN 202 were successfully domesticated on wheat straw as substrate. These two cultures were subjected to molecular characterization through 18S rRNA sequencing. AMN 39 showed 100% homology with Pleurotus sapidus and AMN 202 showed the same with Pleurotus floridanus. Yield of Pleurotus sapidus (AMN 39) and Pleurotus floridanus (AMN 202) were compared with Pleurotus sajor-caju and Pleurotus florida and found that yield of Pleurotus sapidus (40 kg/q of dry substrate) and Pleurotus floridanus (47 kg/q of dry substrate) was lower than Pleurotus sajor-caju (52 kg/q of dry substrate) and Pleurotus florida (60 kg/q of dry substrate). It was observed through scanning electron microscope that hyphae of Pleurotus florida was seen to be more tightly packed as compared to Pleurotus sapidus (AMN 39) and Pleurotus floridanus (AMN 202). SDS PAGE was performed to know the heterogeneity among the mushroom proteins. AMN 39 had protein with molecular weight of 16.16 KDa and AMN 202 shown to have two proteins with molecular weight of 17.47 KDa and 42.8 KDa.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Computational Fluid Dynamics of Solar Air Heater Duct Roughened with Multiple Arc Rib having Gap and Staggered Rib Piece
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amanpreet Kaur; Hans, V.S.
    Artificial roughening of solar air heater duct wall is the effective method which leads to significant enhancement in heat transfer as well comparable rise in friction losses. The different investigations have been performed by various authors to study the heat transfer rate and friction factor characteristics. In this present study, a numerical investigation is carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics software ANSYS Academic Research CFD 15.0 to determine the heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance of rectangular solar air heater duct roughened with multiple arc rib having gap and staggered rib piece. The parameters considered were relative roughness pitch of 8, relative roughness height of 0.043, relative roughness width of 5, relative gap width of 1, arc angle of 60° and relative staggered rib size of 4. The investigation encompassed for the Reynolds number and relative staggered rib pitch range from 2000 to 18000 and 0.2 to 0.8 (4values) respectively. The maximum enhancement in Nusselt number and friction factor was observed to be 3.38 and 6.2 times as compared to smooth duct at relative staggered rib pitch of 0.4. The maximum thermo-hydraulic performance found to be 1.83 for relative staggered rib pitch of 0.4 at Reynolds number of 12000.