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Author: Amandeep Kaur × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis ×
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    Allele mining for phospholipase D locus to improve the rice bran quality
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Amandeep Kaur; Kuldeep Singh
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple food for a large part of the world’s population. Rice bran which is a by-product after milling is rich in oil (12–23%), proteins (14–16%), vitamins and crude fiber (8–10%). Rice bran oil is typically an oleic–linoleic type fatty acid and qualifies for good quality edible oil. The primary limitation of rice bran as a source of oil is the presence of highly active lipolytic enzyme Phospholipase D alpha1 (PLDα1) that increases free fatty acids content in the oil and causes the ‘stale flavor’ in the product. The wild relatives of rice constitute a major gene pool for rice improvement. In this study, sequence based allele mining of the gene PLDα1 (6.28 kb) was taken up in wild species of rice to identify potentially novel alleles for bran quality improvement. Differences in expression patterns were also investigated for potential correlation with sequence variation. A representative subset of 86 accessions belonging to 16 wild Oryza species and eight O. sativa cultivars were selected for this purpose. Alignment of the assembled sequence contigs relative to the Nipponbare reference (Os01g0172400) gene revealed the presence of 2555 variations (SNPs and InDels). Highest polymorhism at PLDα1 locus have been detected in the O.officinalis species. Expression profiles in immature grains generated by exon-specific qRT-PCR indicate significant differences in transcript abundance within as well as between the selected accessions and different 3’and 5’ truncated PLDα1 mRNA. Cis-elements identified in the upstream sequences showed variations relative to the reference in low expressing wild species accessions. These results suggest that potential PLDα1 allelic variants are defined by differential regulation at the levels of transcription initiation and/or mRNA splicing. The wild species accessions with variations in protein structures and low expression, identified in the present study, can be further utilized in the breeding programs to transfer desirable allele into elite lines through marker assisted selection.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Title of the Thesis : Storage behaviour of plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruits cv. Satluj Purple in response to various chemicals
    (Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, 2016) Amandeep Kaur; Jawandha, S.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Storage behaviour of plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruits cv. Satluj Purple in response to various chemicals” was conducted in Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2015. Plum fruits of cv. Satluj Purple were harvested at colour break stage and treated for 5-minutes in aqueous solutions of putrescine (1, 2 and 3 mmolL-1 ), boric acid (1, 2 and 3%) and sodium benzoate (0.5, 1 and 1.5%). Treated fruits were packed in corrugated fibre board (CFB) boxes with paper lining before storage at 0-1˚C temperature and 90-95% RH. Fruit samples were analysed after 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of cold storage for various physico-chemical characteristics. Result revealed that physiological loss in weight (PLW) and spoilage of fruits increased with storage period, whereas fruit firmness, pulp: stone ratio and titrable acidity (TA) showed a declining trend with the advancement of storage period. Other parameters like sensory quality rating, total soluble solids, TSS: acidity ratio, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and pectin methyl esterase activity (PME) showed an increase up to 21 days of storage in all the treatments except putrescine @ 3, 2 mmolL-1 and boric acid @ 3% treatments, where these parameters were increased up to 28 days of storage. Post-harvest treatments of putrescine (3, 2 mmolL-1) and boric acid (3%) proved to be effective in extending the post-harvest life of plum fruits upto 28 days, whereas sodium benzoate (1.5%) extended the post-harvest life of plum fruits upto 21 days under cold storage conditions. Postharvest treatment of putrescine @ 3 mmolL-1 was recorded most effective in reducing physiological loss in weight (PLW), spoilage, pectin methyl esterase activity (PME) and maintaining the fruit firmness, sensory quality, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars during the entire storage period as compared to other treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of nitrogen fertilization on rice grain quality and the biochemical composition of straw
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Amandeep Kaur; Sharma, Neerja
    A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on rice grain quality and the biochemical composition of straw. The main plots included nitrogen levels of 0, 90,120 and 150 kg ha-1 for non-basmati and 0, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 for basmati varieties, while the subplots included non-basmati varieties viz., PR 111, PR 122 and Pusa 44 and basmati varieties viz., Basmati 370 and Pusa Basmati 1509. In rice grain, crude protein content, head rice recovery and gel consistency were positively related with increase in nitrogen levels in both non-basmati and basmati varieties. Thousand grain weight of only the basmati varieties expressed similar response. However a negative relationship for amylose content and elongation ratio with increase in nitrogen fertilization in all the cultivars was observed. There is significant interaction between nitrogen levels and all physiochemical characters of the grain except alkali spreading value in all the cultivars. In rice straw, increase in the level of nitrogen fertilization increased the crude protein from 2.28 to 7.41% in nonbasmati and 5.16 to 6.28% (dry matter basis) in basmati varieties whereas the neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and cellulose content decreased in both non-basmati and basmati varieties. The straw hemicellulose, acid detergent lignin, silica, ash, crude fat, crude fibre and organic matter exhibited significant interaction with different nitrogen levels in both non-basmati and basmati varieties. Therefore, use of optimum nitrogen levels will improve the nutritional quality of grain for human consumption and straw as feed resource.