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20122
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Subject: Zoology × End date: 2013 × Start date: 2012 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MUSCLE FATTY ACID PROFILES OF SOME WILD FISH SPECIES AND ENHANCEMENT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS THROUGH DIETARY MANIPULATION IN Cyprinus carpio (Linn.)
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Jyotika; H.S., Sehgal
    The study has been conducted on i) seasonal variations in muscle total lipid content (MTLC), fatty acid profiles and proximate composition of two wild fish species, Puntius conchonius (Hamilton-Buchanan) and P. sarana (Hamilton-Buchanan), to determine their nutritional status and ii) enhancement of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), considered vital for human health, through dietary manipulation in a cultured carp species, Cyprinus carpio (Linn.). Both the wild species were found to be rich in crude protein, which varied between 15.74% to 18.18% in P. conchonius and 15.15% to 18.04% in P. sarana during different seasons. Based on their MTLC (2.36% to 4.89%), both the species could be categorized as lean or low-fat fishes. However, the MTLC was higher and the moisture, ash and carbohydrate contents of the fishes were comparable with many other freshwater fish species. The fishes had good PUFA content. Omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs were 2.78% in P. sarana and 2.21% in P. conchonius. Total n-6 PUFAs were 4.56% in P. sarana and 4.20% in P .conchonius, and the values of n-3/n-6 ratio were 0.73 and 0.60 in P. sarana and P. conchonius, respectively. Linolenic acid formed 1.64% of the total n-3 PUFAs in P. sarana and 1.02% in P. conchonius. EPA constituted 0.31% in P. conchonius and 0.24% in P. sarana and DHA 0.75% in P. sarana and 0.69% in P.conchonius. Stearic acid was the dominant saturated fatty acid (SFA) forming 28.75% of the total SFAs in P. sarana and 28.10% in P. conchonius. The MTLC and n-3 PUFAs of C. carpio (Linn.), a cultured carp species could be enhanced through dietary manipulation. The MTLC could be increased from 1.44% in fish fed traditional diet with no flaxseed oil to 2.83% in fish fed 30% flaxseed oil diet. Similarly, the total n-3 PUFAs could be enhanced from 10.38% in fishes fed 0% flaxseed oil diet for 90 days to 18.67% in fishes fed 30% flaxseed oil diet for 60 days and 30% fish oil diet for 30 days.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES ON AVIAN EXCRETA
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Navdeep Kaur; C.K., Dhanju
    To evaluate the environmental impact on bird population decline, the excreta of nine bird species of agroecosystem was analysed. The feeding habits of nine bird species indicated that blue rock pigeon and eurasian collared dove are grainivorous; common myna, house crow and common babbler are omnivorous; cattle egret and red wattled lapwing are insectivorous and pariah kite is carnivorous.The fresh/ dry excreta of of above birds except pariah kite but including spotted owlet was collected from the roosting , foraging and nesting sites. Excreta varied in texture, colour and shape. Microbial analysis of excreta of blue rock pigeon, rose ringed parakeet, common myna, house crow, cattle egret and red wattled lapwing showed prevalence of the moulds A. fumigatus (86.7%), A. niger, A. flavus (46.7%), Alternaria sp. (33.3%) and Geotrichum sp. (20% ) and bacteria, E.coli (73%) and C. freundii, E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae (64%) . The yeast Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from fresh and dry excreta of blue rock pigeon and fresh excreta of house crow only. The heavy metals analysis in excreta of all nine species included As, Cd, Pb, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Mn. The blue rock pigeon excreted lowest amount of As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni and Mn and cattle egret of Pb, Cu and Zn in the faeces amongst all species studied. However, common myna excreted highest amount of As, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and Mn, red wattled lapwing of Cd and Pb and common babbler of Cu. As common myna excreted higher levels of heavy metals which were in toxic range reported for body tissues of birds. It appears to be a protective mechanism for its survival as this bird has been found to be a dominant species in the agrifields of PAU. Only chlorpyriphos was found to be in concentration of 0.046 ppm in house crow and 0.33 ppm in cattle egret amongst pesticide residues(OPs, OCs and synthetic pyetheroids) analysed. The presence of chlorpyriphos in the excreta of the species was correlated with its use for tick control in cattle at the site of collection.