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ThesisItem Restricted Postnatal Development of Testis in Murrah Buffalo(Deaprtment of Zoology College of Basic Sciecnes & Humaniteis, PAU, Ludhiana, 1996) Rana, Bhupinder KaurThesisItem Restricted In Vitro Effects of Anthelmintics on Histopathology of Some Nematodes of Sheep / GOAT(Department of Zoology College of Basic sciecne And Humanities PAU, Ludhiana, 1992) Kaur, Manpreet; Sood, M. L.ThesisItem Open Access Postanatal development of epididymis in murrah Buffalo(College of Basic Sciences & Humanities PAU, Ludhiana, 1999) Kaur, Gurpreet; Bilaspri, G. SThesisItem Open Access In Vitro Maturation of follicular oocytes and fertilization in goat (Capra hircus)(Department of Zoology College of Basic Sciecnes and humanities PAU, Ludhiana, 1995) Cheema, satinder; Sidhu, K. SThesisItem Restricted Morphological histochemical and biochemical studies on the ovarian follicles of water buffalo, Bubalus Bubalis(Department of Zoology College of Basic Sciecnes and humanities PAU, Ludhiana, 1993) Singh, Prit Pal; Guraya, S. SThesisItem Open Access EFFECTS OF HEN EGG WHITE PROTEINS ON REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum)(PAU Ludhiana, 2010) Geetu Choudhary; R.K. ParshadThe red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) is a destructive pest of stored grains and it is renowned for adapting to various insecticides. The hen’s egg white proteins possess unique multifunctional properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anticancer. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the insecticidal potential of hen’s egg white proteins to manage red flour beetle population. Protein samples obtained through salt fractionation (PPT-I and PPT-II) including whole egg white (WEW) were lyophilized. Different concentrations (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%) of each of the protein samples were tested separately and simultaneously by adding them to wheat flour and milk powder (75:25 w/w). The results indicated that mortality rate of the adult beetles was dependent on the type of treatment, concentration of protein samples and duration of feeding. WEW, PPT-I and PPT-II treatments delayed the emergence of developmental stages, reduced the fecundity rate, egg volume and reproductive effort of the female beetles. In multiple-choice feeding trials, beetles showed repellency towards the food containing PPT-I and PPT-II proteins. Marked abnormalities were observed in appearance and dimensions of the ovarioles and eggs which indicated that the hen’s egg white proteins caused considerable effect on the process of oogenesis. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed changes in the structure of epithelial sheath cells of ovarioles probably caused due to resorption of ova in the beetles fed on PPT-II proteins. Higher resolution of the egg surface showed the presence of wrinkles or shrivelled appearance of the chorionic layer in PPT-I and PPT-II treated eggs and these deep folds and wrinkles were more conspicuous in the beetles fed on PPT-II proteins. PPT-II proteins appeared to be most effective among WEW, PPT-I and PPT-II samples in causing mortality and reduction of fecundity in T.castaneum.ThesisItem Open Access MUSCLE FATTY ACID PROFILES OF SOME WILD FISH SPECIES AND ENHANCEMENT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS THROUGH DIETARY MANIPULATION IN Cyprinus carpio (Linn.)(PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Jyotika; H.S., SehgalThe study has been conducted on i) seasonal variations in muscle total lipid content (MTLC), fatty acid profiles and proximate composition of two wild fish species, Puntius conchonius (Hamilton-Buchanan) and P. sarana (Hamilton-Buchanan), to determine their nutritional status and ii) enhancement of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), considered vital for human health, through dietary manipulation in a cultured carp species, Cyprinus carpio (Linn.). Both the wild species were found to be rich in crude protein, which varied between 15.74% to 18.18% in P. conchonius and 15.15% to 18.04% in P. sarana during different seasons. Based on their MTLC (2.36% to 4.89%), both the species could be categorized as lean or low-fat fishes. However, the MTLC was higher and the moisture, ash and carbohydrate contents of the fishes were comparable with many other freshwater fish species. The fishes had good PUFA content. Omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs were 2.78% in P. sarana and 2.21% in P. conchonius. Total n-6 PUFAs were 4.56% in P. sarana and 4.20% in P .conchonius, and the values of n-3/n-6 ratio were 0.73 and 0.60 in P. sarana and P. conchonius, respectively. Linolenic acid formed 1.64% of the total n-3 PUFAs in P. sarana and 1.02% in P. conchonius. EPA constituted 0.31% in P. conchonius and 0.24% in P. sarana and DHA 0.75% in P. sarana and 0.69% in P.conchonius. Stearic acid was the dominant saturated fatty acid (SFA) forming 28.75% of the total SFAs in P. sarana and 28.10% in P. conchonius. The MTLC and n-3 PUFAs of C. carpio (Linn.), a cultured carp species could be enhanced through dietary manipulation. The MTLC could be increased from 1.44% in fish fed traditional diet with no flaxseed oil to 2.83% in fish fed 30% flaxseed oil diet. Similarly, the total n-3 PUFAs could be enhanced from 10.38% in fishes fed 0% flaxseed oil diet for 90 days to 18.67% in fishes fed 30% flaxseed oil diet for 60 days and 30% fish oil diet for 30 days.ThesisItem Restricted BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES ON AVIAN EXCRETA(PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Navdeep Kaur; C.K., DhanjuTo evaluate the environmental impact on bird population decline, the excreta of nine bird species of agroecosystem was analysed. The feeding habits of nine bird species indicated that blue rock pigeon and eurasian collared dove are grainivorous; common myna, house crow and common babbler are omnivorous; cattle egret and red wattled lapwing are insectivorous and pariah kite is carnivorous.The fresh/ dry excreta of of above birds except pariah kite but including spotted owlet was collected from the roosting , foraging and nesting sites. Excreta varied in texture, colour and shape. Microbial analysis of excreta of blue rock pigeon, rose ringed parakeet, common myna, house crow, cattle egret and red wattled lapwing showed prevalence of the moulds A. fumigatus (86.7%), A. niger, A. flavus (46.7%), Alternaria sp. (33.3%) and Geotrichum sp. (20% ) and bacteria, E.coli (73%) and C. freundii, E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae (64%) . The yeast Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from fresh and dry excreta of blue rock pigeon and fresh excreta of house crow only. The heavy metals analysis in excreta of all nine species included As, Cd, Pb, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Mn. The blue rock pigeon excreted lowest amount of As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni and Mn and cattle egret of Pb, Cu and Zn in the faeces amongst all species studied. However, common myna excreted highest amount of As, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and Mn, red wattled lapwing of Cd and Pb and common babbler of Cu. As common myna excreted higher levels of heavy metals which were in toxic range reported for body tissues of birds. It appears to be a protective mechanism for its survival as this bird has been found to be a dominant species in the agrifields of PAU. Only chlorpyriphos was found to be in concentration of 0.046 ppm in house crow and 0.33 ppm in cattle egret amongst pesticide residues(OPs, OCs and synthetic pyetheroids) analysed. The presence of chlorpyriphos in the excreta of the species was correlated with its use for tick control in cattle at the site of collection.ThesisItem Restricted Ecotaxonomy Of Fauna Inhabiting Paddy Fields And Aquatic Bodies With Special Reference To Ostracoda And Mollusca(Punjab Agricultural University; Ludhiana, 2001) Padda, Shuminder Kaur; Battish, S.K.