Thesis

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 13

Open Access
Genotypic response of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) to different seed priming treatments under diverse environments
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Didar Singh; Rajinder Singh
The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, PAU, Ludhiana during January to March 2016 and 2017. The laboratory work was simultaneously conducted in Seed Technology Centre, Office of Director (Seeds), PAU, Ludhiana. The experiment was laid in split plot design keeping two environments (sowing in third week of January and third week of February) in main plot, three genotypes (Hara Madhu, Punjab Sunehri and MH-27) in sub-plot and eleven treatments along with control (hydration, GA3, KNO3, KH2PO4 and ethrel along with placing in wet gunny bags for 24 hours and 48 hours and hydration + FYM for 48 hours) in sub-sub plot. The physiological and biochemical parameters i.e. germination percentage, speed of germination, alpha amylase, total sugars, total protein and DNA content of seedling were recorded in laboratory. The physiological parameters like field emergence, speed of emergence, root length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index I, vigour index II and post emergence plant mortality were recorded from both the environments of field. The statistical analysis of data showed the superiority of the environment-2 over environmrnt-1 in all the field observations. The cultivar Hara Madhu was most responsive to seed priming treatments in both field and laboratory conditions. Seed priming treatments were significantly better over the control. Treating the seed with GA3 along with placing in wet gunny bags for 48 hours resulted in maximum germination (%), speed of germination, alpha amylase and total sugars content in laboratory. Similarly seeds treated with KH2PO4 along with placing in wet gunny bags for 48 hours gave maximum field emergence (%), speed of emergence, dry weight content, vigour index II in both the environments and DNA & protein content in laboratory while hydration along with placing in wet gunny bags for 48 hours resulted in maximum root length, seedling length and vigour index I.
Restricted
Mitigation of cold stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) through physiological interventions
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Meena, Yogendra Kumar; Khurana, Daljit Singh
To study ameliorate effect of phenolic compounds against low temperature stress in tomato under open field conditions during the winter season of 2014-15 and 2015-16. The cultivar Punjab Ratta comprised the plant material were given foliar application twice, first 15 days after transplanting followed by another spray after a fortnight of different concentrations of phenolic compounds viz., salicylic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, methyl salicylic acid, benzoic acid and acetyl salicylic acid (0.1mM, 0.5mM & 1.0mM) in order to evaluate their effect on morphological, physiological, yield and quality traits. The observations recorded during two years revealed that low temperature significantly reduced the growth biomarkers (plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, shoot and root length, and total biomass of plant, leaf are index, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate), physiological and biochemicals attributes viz., relative water content, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid content), ascorbate peroxidase activity, yield attributes (number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits, fruit weight and fruit yield) and quality parameters (total soluble solid, lycopene, β-carotene and α-tocopherol). On the other hand, low temperature significantly enhanced the specific leaf weight, electrolyte leakage, accumulation of osmoprotectants (proline, total soluble sugar and sucrose), catalase, peroxidise, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation. However, application of phenolic compounds mitigated cold stress by increasing abovesaid growth, physiological and biochemicals, yield and quality attributes and furthermore by accumulating osmoprotectants, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the specific leaf weight, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation. Among all treatments, salicylic acid @ 1.0mM was found to be the most effective to mitigate low temperature stress in tomato.
Open Access
Assessment of reproductive potential of garlic under Punjab conditions
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Yadwinder Kaur; Dhall, R.K.
The present study entitled “Assessment of reproductive potential of garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Punjab conditions" was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2012. The first experiment was to study the effect of vernalization on reproductive potential of garlic especially on flowering and its true seed production behaviour which includes bolting behaviour, scape colour, flower colour, bulbil colour, number of bulbils per umbel, scape length and number of seeds per umbel. The thirteen garlic genotypes behaving fertile behaviour under U.S.A (long day) conditions were used in the present study and were given vernalization treatment at 4oC for two months before sowing. In control treatment, garlic bulbs were kept at room temperature before sowing. Highly significant and positive correlation was observed between number of seeds per umbel and scape length (r= 0.99); significant and positive correlation for number of seeds per umbel and number of bulbils per umbel (r=0.58); significant and positive correlation for number of seeds per umbel and scape length (r=0.61). Vernalization of garlic bulbs at 4oC (for two months) resulted in bolting, umbel formation and true seed production in nine genotypes whereas non-vernalized did not result into bolting i.e. no true seed production was observed. Out of 9 genotypes which produce true seeds after vernalization, maximum seed setting was observed in genotypes 5366, 5351 and 5477. Seed received from these genotypes were further sown but they did not germinate. These genotypes can be used in breeding programme, if these are sown under long day conditions. In another experiment, primer (AsLFY) was designed by using reference of already designed primer (gALFY-2). A total of 96 genotypes collected from different sources were used for genotype sequencing to identify SNP but only 73 genotypes among them showed good amplification. After amplification, sequencing of these 73 genotypes was done and SNP (CCGTCG) lied at 301 bp from initiation codon i.e. G for non-bolters genotypes and A for incomplete bolter genotypes and it will help in detecting incomplete bolter and non-bolter genotypes at seedling stage which can be useful for garlic breeding programmes.
Open Access
Genotype × environment interaction in potato
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Beant Singh; Sharma, Sat Pal
In the present study sixteen potato genotypes were evaluated across three environments viz., dehaulming at 70 (E1), 90 (E2) 110 (E3) days after planting in the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The overall aim of this study was to identify generally stable or specifically adapted potato genotypes for yield, its component traits and tuber quality across three environments. Stability analysis was carried out using Eberhart and Russell’s stability model and GGE biplot analysis. Among the three environments, E3 (110 days crop duration) produced the highest total tuber yield (q ha-1) and marketable tuber yield (q ha-1). Genotype MS/08 1148 recorded the highest total as well as marketable tuber yield in all the three environments. The genotype × environment interactions were found significant for all the traits, except days to emergence and number of shoots/plant. Kufri Pushkar, Kufri Surya, and Kufri Chipsona-1 had the highest stability for total tuber yield. However, for dry matter, genotypes Kufri Surya and Kufri Chipsona-4 and for low reducing sugars Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Frysona and Atlantic exhibited highest stability. Further, MS/08-1148, Kufri Garima and Kufri Pushkar were identified as suitable genotypes for E1, indicating their early bulking capability. While, in environment, E2 and E3, MS/08-1148, MS/06-1947, MS/06-819, Kufri Pushkar and Kufri Pukhraj were found promising with highest tuber yield. For processing traits, Kufri Chipsona-1 was identified in environment E1 whereas, Kufri Frysona, Kufri Chipsona-1 in E2 and MP/04-578, MP/06-39, Kufri Surya, Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Frysona had highest dry matter and lowest reducing sugars in E3. Thus, potato genotypes exhibited differential response to variable environments for yield and quality traits. Further, GGE biplot analysis is very useful tool for identifying specifically adapted genotypes in the target environments for specific traits.
Open Access
Studies on flower induction in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the plains of Punjab
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sharma, Dharmendra; Sharma, Sat Pal
The present investigation entitled, “Studies on flower induction in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the plains of Punjab” was conducted at the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana. The effect of extended photoperiod (EP) and silver thiosulphate (STS) on flowering enhancement in 12 normally potato flowering genotypes (set I) and on flower induction in 23 non-flowering potato genotypes (set II) was investigated during short day conditions of autumn-winter season in 2015-16 and 2016-17. In the second season, experiment was carried under polyhouse conditions. In 2015-16 in set-I, EP enhanced flowering in all genotypes, however the extent increase varied with genotypes. Further, EP and STS application had additive effect on all flowering traits across all genotypes in set I. In set II, EP induced flowering in majority genotypes, except Kufri Surya, Kufri Jyoti, Lady Rosetta, FC-3, and Diamond. Similar to set I, STS application had additive effect to that of EP in all the genotypes with variable magnitude. In set I, the flowers of all the genotypes had viable pollens, while in set II, K. Garima, K. Chandramukhi and K. Pukhraj had low pollen viability. Normal berry setting was observed in ten and seven genotypes in set I and set II, respectively. Seeds obtained from these berries exhibited normal germination. In 2016-17, EP and STS enhanced flowering in all genotypes, but impact was very low which can be due to altered quality of light and high initial temperature inside the polyhouse. In the summer season 2016, nineteen selected genotypes that included the genotypes those did not flower in the first experiment were evaluated at Keylong, HP. All the 19 genotypes profusely flowered and had good berry setting. Seeds from these berries had normal germination. Overall, this study exhibited the possibility of flower induction in potato under short day conditions of Punjab using extended photoperiod in combination with silver thiosulphate, but the response was genotype dependant.
Open Access
EFFECT OF ETHEPHON AND ETHYLENE GAS ON RIPENING AND QUALITY OF WINTER TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Prince Deep Singh; P.S., BRAR
The investigation was carried out to obtain information about effect of ethephon and ethylene gas on ripening and quality of winter tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using two hybrids (Hybrid-1001 and Avinash-3). The first experiment comprised of treatment of mature green tomatoes with different concentrations of aqueous solution of ethephon (500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) for 5 minutes. The fruits were packed in plastic crates and kept in storage room at 20±1oC and 90-95% RH. The second experiment comprised of exposing the mature green tomatoes to ethylene gas (100 ppm) inside the ripening chamber for 24 hours (20±1oC and 90-95% RH) and thereafter kept in the ripening chamber maintained at 20±1oC and 90-95% RH. The one lot of fruits was not treated and kept as control. The physico-chemical parameters of fruits from mature green to senescent stage of maturation were analyzed. The ethylene gas (100 ppm) treatment registered the highest ripening percentage. The ripening and rotting percentage increased with increase in the concentration of ethephon (500-1500 ppm) and with the duration of days for which the fruits were kept for ripening. The titratable acidity of tomato fruits experienced a linear decline but ascorbic acid and lycopene content registered an increase with the advancement of ripening period irrespective of any treatment. The tomato fruits harvested at green mature stage get successfully ripened in 9 days with application of ethephon (500, 1000, 1500 ppm) but the rotting was more than 14 per cent till 9th day in both the hybrids which makes fruits unmarketable. Therefore, the application of ethephon for ripening is not a good option. Treatment with ethylene gas (100 ppm) resulted in adequate ripening of fruits after 9 days with uniform red colour, desirable firmness, minimum rotting and acceptable quality and therefore this treatment is better over ethephon. In control fruits similar results of ripening, firmness, rotting and quality were observed as in case of ethylene gas (100 ppm) treatment but the fruits get longer time (11 days) to uniformly ripen.
Restricted
Heterosis and combining ability studies on yield, quality and storage traits involving bush and butternut type genotypes in pumpkin (Cucurbita moshata Duch. ex Poir.)
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Nishan Singh; Sidhu, Mohinder Kaur
The present study was conducted in diallel fashion to estimate combining ability and heterosis involving bush and butternut type genotypes of pumpkin. Among nine parents, MSBN 3621-9-3-1 was the best combiner for characters related to bushy growth habit, butternut fruit type and earliness; CFR 2211-2 for number of primary branches, early female flowering, TSS and dry matter; MBN 6242-3-1 (Butternut type) for pulp thickness (0.44) and fruit yield per vine (0.63); MVSR 6711-14-2 for early male flowering and vitamin-C; BN-364 for number of fruits per vine (0.22) and total carotenoids. Among bushy and butternut crosses, number of primary branches, internodal length, early flowering and fruiting, fruit shape index, fruit yield per vine, TSS and dry matter content and vitamin-C were controlled by additive as well as non-additive gene effects and can be exploited through heterosis breeding or recurrent selection. High additive and additive × additive genetic variance for peduncle length, polar diameter, pulp thickness, total carotenoids and total sugar highlighted the exploitation through selection. However, non-additive gene effects for short vine, equator diameter, number of fruits per vine and less average fruit weight suggested use of heterosis breeding. On the basis of significant economic heterosis over PPH-1 and PPH-2, crosses MBN 6242-3-1 × CFR 2211-2 (122.56 and 176.51%, respectively) was best for yield per vine and BUMOV 41212-3-1 × BN-364, PS × BN-364, BUMOV 41212-3-1 × MSBN 3621-9-3-1, MSBN 3621-9-3-1 × MBN 6242-3-1 were best for less fruit weight as well as more number of fruits per vine among bushy and butternut genotypes. On the basis of per se performance, MSBN 3621-9-3-1 × MBN 6242-3-1 (34.76 MT/ha), MSBN 3621-9-3-1 × CFR 2211-2 (33.02 MT/ha), BN-364 × MSBN 3621-9-3-1 (32.07 MT/ha), MVSR 6711-14-2 × MSBN 3621-9-3-1 (30.81 MT/ha) were high yielding bushy hybrids with early maturity and butternut fruits. In character association, vine length was highly correlated with internodal length (0.85) and earliest node to female flower (0.85). Fruit yield per vine was highly associated with average fruit weight (1.00), node to first fruit (0.98) and vine length (0.97), while average fruit weight was influenced with quality traits such as total sugar (0.34) and vitamin-C (0.31).
Open Access
Optimizing soil matric potential and climate based irrigation scheduling to potato under different establishment methods
(PAU, 2015) Ahuja, Sanjeev; Khurana, D.S.
An Investigation under experiment-I was conducted with the objective to determine the most appropriate installation depth of tensiometer with suitable soil matric potential for higher tuber yield and water use efficiency of potato under furrow-ridge irrigation system at Vegetable Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Three levels of soil matric suction (S); 20, 35 & 50 kPa at three installation depths (D) of tensiometer; 20, 30 & 40 cm and a control (traditional practice) were replicated thrice in RCBD. The pooled analysis of data showed that treatments S20D20 and S35D20 recorded 86 and 82% higher marketable tuber yield compared to the control. The WUE under S35D20 treatment was upto177% higher than control when data was pooled over two years. Highest dry tuber yield was recorded in S35D20 treatment among all the treatments during both the years. The analysis of pooled data for marketable and graded tuber yield, average tuber weight, discarded percent of tubers, root dry weight, lower content of reducing sugars and higher percent of starch and protein content, plant height at harvest and above ground dry matter accumulation 30, 60 DAP and at harvest also favoured S35D20 and S20D20 treatments. However averaged over two years, WUE and WUEi of S35D20 was more than double as compared to control treatment along with higher marketable tuber yield as 49 % irrigation water was saved. The results revealed that treatment S35D20 was the best treatment for irrigation scheduling in the region. Further, experiment-II was conducted in split plot design with four replications to compare the climatic based irrigation scheduling with S35D20 under ridge-furrow (M1) and bed-furrow planting (M2) system during 2012-13 and 2013-14. Two rows were planted on each bed under furrow-bed planting system. The treatments consisted of five irrigation levels: I1; IWCPE (Irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation) ratio 1.0, I2; IWCPE ratio 1.25, I3; IWCPE ratio 1.5, I4; S35D20 (tensiometer installed at 20 cm soil depth maintaining SMP of -35 kPa) and I5; control (farmers practice in the region). The ridge-furrow method of planting (M1) showed its advantage over the bed-furrow method of planting (M2) in terms of recording higher WUE, average tuber weight, marketable tuber yield, large and medium sized tuber yield, plant height at 60, 75 DAP and at harvest as well as above ground dry weight accumulation at the time of harvest. Almost three times higher water use efficiency was recorded by S35D20 as compared to control treatment (farmer’s practice) under M1 method of planting. This irrigation treatment was superior in terms of plant height, above ground DMA at 60 DAP and at harvest, graded and marketable tuber yield, starch and protein content and has lower discarded percent of tubers among all other treatments. The results of two experiments suggest that scheduling irrigation based on soil matric potential at -35 kPa SMP with tensiometer installing at soil depth of 20 cm under ridge-furrow irrigation system was better option under North-Western plains of India. Adopting this threshold corresponds to 3 to 4 irrigations of 45 to 45.5 mm each depending on the rainfall during potato growing period. Two separate irrigations of 50 mm each were applied, first as pre-planting irrigation and second irrigation to substantiate emergence. Thus, application of single irrigation two weeks after the complete emergence of crop and remaining 2-3 irrigations at 17 days interval may save irrigation water as compared to the traditional irrigation practice.
Open Access
Growth, yield and quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) as influenced by nitrogen and plant population under different dates of sowing
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Gurjeet Kaur; Khurana, Daljit Singh
The investigation entitled ‘‘Growth, yield and quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) as influenced by nitrogen and plant population under different dates of sowing’’ was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The experiment was replicated thrice in split plot design during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. It comprised three dates of sowing i.e. 15th September, 1st October and 15th October in main plot. There were nine sub plot treatment i.e. combination of three nitrogen (100, 125 and 150 kg/ha) and three spacings (45 × 45 cm, 60 × 45 cm and 60 ×30 cm). Present investigation revealed that sowing on 15th September, wider spacing of 60 × 45 cm and N @ 150 kg/ha recorded maximum number of leaves, leaf size, plant spread and glucosinolates. The average head size, weight of the head and weight of auxiliary sprouts were the highest in 1st October sowing, 60 × 45 cm and N @ 125 Kg/ha. Sowing on 1st October recorded the highest total yield of 172.62 q/ha and 180.67 q/ha, respectively in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Among plant population 45 cm × 45 cm planting distance recorded the highest total yield in both the years. Further N @ 125 kg/ha recorded maximum total yield. Whereas, interaction between different components were non significant for total yield. Thus, it is concluded from the study that sowing on 1st of October at plant spacing of 45 × 45 cm with the application of nitrogen @ 125 kg/ha is beneficial to increase the total yield of broccoli.

Thesis

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Search Results