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2012 - 20167
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Subject: Vegetable Science × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2010 ×
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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ETHEPHON AND ETHYLENE GAS ON RIPENING AND QUALITY OF WINTER TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Prince Deep Singh; P.S., BRAR
    The investigation was carried out to obtain information about effect of ethephon and ethylene gas on ripening and quality of winter tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using two hybrids (Hybrid-1001 and Avinash-3). The first experiment comprised of treatment of mature green tomatoes with different concentrations of aqueous solution of ethephon (500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) for 5 minutes. The fruits were packed in plastic crates and kept in storage room at 20±1oC and 90-95% RH. The second experiment comprised of exposing the mature green tomatoes to ethylene gas (100 ppm) inside the ripening chamber for 24 hours (20±1oC and 90-95% RH) and thereafter kept in the ripening chamber maintained at 20±1oC and 90-95% RH. The one lot of fruits was not treated and kept as control. The physico-chemical parameters of fruits from mature green to senescent stage of maturation were analyzed. The ethylene gas (100 ppm) treatment registered the highest ripening percentage. The ripening and rotting percentage increased with increase in the concentration of ethephon (500-1500 ppm) and with the duration of days for which the fruits were kept for ripening. The titratable acidity of tomato fruits experienced a linear decline but ascorbic acid and lycopene content registered an increase with the advancement of ripening period irrespective of any treatment. The tomato fruits harvested at green mature stage get successfully ripened in 9 days with application of ethephon (500, 1000, 1500 ppm) but the rotting was more than 14 per cent till 9th day in both the hybrids which makes fruits unmarketable. Therefore, the application of ethephon for ripening is not a good option. Treatment with ethylene gas (100 ppm) resulted in adequate ripening of fruits after 9 days with uniform red colour, desirable firmness, minimum rotting and acceptable quality and therefore this treatment is better over ethephon. In control fruits similar results of ripening, firmness, rotting and quality were observed as in case of ethylene gas (100 ppm) treatment but the fruits get longer time (11 days) to uniformly ripen.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Optimizing soil matric potential and climate based irrigation scheduling to potato under different establishment methods
    (PAU, 2015) Ahuja, Sanjeev; Khurana, D.S.
    An Investigation under experiment-I was conducted with the objective to determine the most appropriate installation depth of tensiometer with suitable soil matric potential for higher tuber yield and water use efficiency of potato under furrow-ridge irrigation system at Vegetable Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Three levels of soil matric suction (S); 20, 35 & 50 kPa at three installation depths (D) of tensiometer; 20, 30 & 40 cm and a control (traditional practice) were replicated thrice in RCBD. The pooled analysis of data showed that treatments S20D20 and S35D20 recorded 86 and 82% higher marketable tuber yield compared to the control. The WUE under S35D20 treatment was upto177% higher than control when data was pooled over two years. Highest dry tuber yield was recorded in S35D20 treatment among all the treatments during both the years. The analysis of pooled data for marketable and graded tuber yield, average tuber weight, discarded percent of tubers, root dry weight, lower content of reducing sugars and higher percent of starch and protein content, plant height at harvest and above ground dry matter accumulation 30, 60 DAP and at harvest also favoured S35D20 and S20D20 treatments. However averaged over two years, WUE and WUEi of S35D20 was more than double as compared to control treatment along with higher marketable tuber yield as 49 % irrigation water was saved. The results revealed that treatment S35D20 was the best treatment for irrigation scheduling in the region. Further, experiment-II was conducted in split plot design with four replications to compare the climatic based irrigation scheduling with S35D20 under ridge-furrow (M1) and bed-furrow planting (M2) system during 2012-13 and 2013-14. Two rows were planted on each bed under furrow-bed planting system. The treatments consisted of five irrigation levels: I1; IWCPE (Irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation) ratio 1.0, I2; IWCPE ratio 1.25, I3; IWCPE ratio 1.5, I4; S35D20 (tensiometer installed at 20 cm soil depth maintaining SMP of -35 kPa) and I5; control (farmers practice in the region). The ridge-furrow method of planting (M1) showed its advantage over the bed-furrow method of planting (M2) in terms of recording higher WUE, average tuber weight, marketable tuber yield, large and medium sized tuber yield, plant height at 60, 75 DAP and at harvest as well as above ground dry weight accumulation at the time of harvest. Almost three times higher water use efficiency was recorded by S35D20 as compared to control treatment (farmer’s practice) under M1 method of planting. This irrigation treatment was superior in terms of plant height, above ground DMA at 60 DAP and at harvest, graded and marketable tuber yield, starch and protein content and has lower discarded percent of tubers among all other treatments. The results of two experiments suggest that scheduling irrigation based on soil matric potential at -35 kPa SMP with tensiometer installing at soil depth of 20 cm under ridge-furrow irrigation system was better option under North-Western plains of India. Adopting this threshold corresponds to 3 to 4 irrigations of 45 to 45.5 mm each depending on the rainfall during potato growing period. Two separate irrigations of 50 mm each were applied, first as pre-planting irrigation and second irrigation to substantiate emergence. Thus, application of single irrigation two weeks after the complete emergence of crop and remaining 2-3 irrigations at 17 days interval may save irrigation water as compared to the traditional irrigation practice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Growth, yield and quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) as influenced by nitrogen and plant population under different dates of sowing
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Gurjeet Kaur; Khurana, Daljit Singh
    The investigation entitled ‘‘Growth, yield and quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) as influenced by nitrogen and plant population under different dates of sowing’’ was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The experiment was replicated thrice in split plot design during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. It comprised three dates of sowing i.e. 15th September, 1st October and 15th October in main plot. There were nine sub plot treatment i.e. combination of three nitrogen (100, 125 and 150 kg/ha) and three spacings (45 × 45 cm, 60 × 45 cm and 60 ×30 cm). Present investigation revealed that sowing on 15th September, wider spacing of 60 × 45 cm and N @ 150 kg/ha recorded maximum number of leaves, leaf size, plant spread and glucosinolates. The average head size, weight of the head and weight of auxiliary sprouts were the highest in 1st October sowing, 60 × 45 cm and N @ 125 Kg/ha. Sowing on 1st October recorded the highest total yield of 172.62 q/ha and 180.67 q/ha, respectively in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Among plant population 45 cm × 45 cm planting distance recorded the highest total yield in both the years. Further N @ 125 kg/ha recorded maximum total yield. Whereas, interaction between different components were non significant for total yield. Thus, it is concluded from the study that sowing on 1st of October at plant spacing of 45 × 45 cm with the application of nitrogen @ 125 kg/ha is beneficial to increase the total yield of broccoli.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotype and environment interaction in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) for growth, yield and quality traits
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Inderdeep Kaur; Rajinder Singh
    Seventeen genotypes of radish were evaluated to determine their stability and adaptibity in six different environments during 2015-16 at PAU, Ludhiana. The data on growth, yield and quality characters and environmental variables were analyzed by AMMI model. The analysis revealed that the genotype RL-30 was stable for yield building factors in all the environments followed by genotype RB-21 (except in April). Genotype RL-2210 was stable for root plant ratio, root shoot ratio and quality characters. Among the environments, October was the best environment for testing the genotypes with wider adaptability followed by environment March. However environments April, December and August can be used to identify those genotypes that were specifically adapted to these environments. Genotypes Punjab Safed, LSR-2 and Pusa Jamuni 2 performed best in environment August. Selection-2, RB-21 and RL-2210 Long were found best in October. In December, Japanese White, RB-20 and RL-15 were good performer genotypes whereas in environment February Japanese White, RB-20 and RB-21 were better adapted. Selection-2, RL-2210 Long and RL-2210 performed best in March, while Punjab Safed and LSR-2 gave better adaptation in environment April. Total root yield had significant and positive correlation with marketable yield, root weight, plant weight, root diameter and root length. Path coefficient analysis revealed that marketable yield had the maximum positive direct effect on root yield followed by plant weight.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development and evaluation of f1 hybrid(s) for resistance to late blight and root knot nematodes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Vipesh Kumar; Jindal, S. K.
    The present investigation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was conducted at PAU, Ludhiana during 2013-14 with the objective of developing hybrids possessing resistance to tomato late blight and root knot nematodes along with desirable horticultural traits. The experimental material comprised of 40 F1 hybrids (developed by line × tester method), 14 parental lines (10 lines and 4 testers), one susceptible check (Punjab Upma) and one standard check (TH-1) were transplanted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The ratio of σ2SCA/ σ2GCA was more than unity for all the characters except dry matter which indicated the predominance of non-additive effects. Line, LBR-12 and tester, 8-2-1-2-5 was found to be good general combiner for most of the traits. Cross, LBR-7 × 8-2-1-2-5 was observed good specific combiner for most of the traits while cross combinations viz.LBR-19 × 8-2-1-2-5, LBR-19 × EC-119197 and LBR-15 × 1-6-1-4 were highly heterotic over better parent and standard check in terms of yield, fruit and quality traits. Natural, artificial and molecular screening (genotype screening) was performed for all the experiment material against late blight and root knot nematodes resistance. Out of forty hybrids, the combination LBR-19 × 8-2-1-2-5, LBR-12 × EC-119197 and LBR-6 ×1-6-1-4 were recorded for combined resistance to late blight and root knot nematodes vis-à-vis desirable traits particularly fruit yield, fruit weight, pericarp thickness, TSS and dry matter with fair amount of heterosis. Therefore, hybrids which expressed better yield potential with acceptable qualitative performance along with diseases resistance compared to the existing varieties/hybrids could be used for commercial utilization.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Genetic analysis of important economic traits and validation of molecular markers linked to hull-less seed trait in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo var. styriaca)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Navjot Kaur; Dhatt, A.S.
    The investigation entitled "Genetic analysis of important economic traits in Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo var. styriaca)" was conducted to study the inheritance of important economic traits of cross namely PCK-1× Lady Godiva using generation mean analysis in the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana in 2014 and 2015. The experimental material comprising six generations viz. P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 (F1× PCK-1) and BC1P2 (F1× Lady Godiva) was evaluated for twenty one economic traits in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Scaling tests indicated epistasis for most of the traits. The genetic parameters were estimated by applying joint scaling test and sequential model fitting after finding the best fit model. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed for days to 50% flowering, leaf length (cm), vine length (cm), inter-nodal length (cm), equatorial diameter (cm), polar diameter (cm), flesh thickness (cm), fruit yield per plant (kg), seed yield per fruit (g), number of seeds per fruit, average seed weight (g) and peduncle length (cm). Variance analysis of characters showed that additive genetic variance was predominant for leaf width, inter-nodal length, flesh thickness, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, average seed weight and petiole length, whereas dominance genetic variance was more in node number to first female and male flower, days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches, leaf length, vine length, days to 1st harvest, equatorial and polar diameter, fruit yield per plant, seed yield per fruit, number of seeds per fruit, fruit shape index and peduncle length. In validation of SSR molecular markers, were found linked to hull-less seed trait four markers viz. CMTm261, CMTp182, CMTm47 and CMTp257. The use of CMTm261 on BC1P1 revealed that all 75 plants were hulled, in which 32 were homozygous dominant (HH) and 37 heterozygous (Hh) for both alleles, whereas in case of BC1P2 33 plants were heterozygous (Hh) and 37 homozygous recessive (hh). The amplification of 150 F2 plants showed 29, 47 and 70 plants hulled (HH), hull-less (hh) and heterozygous (Hh) respectively. The genotypic segregation revealed that hull-less trait is controlled by single recessive gene.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Heterosis and combining ability for yield and quality traits in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Parmar, Shipra Singh; Pathak, Mamta
    A study was conducted to assess the extent of heterosis and combining ability of bottle gourd in a half diallel mating design under two different season as set-1 (rainy season, 2015) and set-2 (summer season, 2016) at Vegetable research farm, Department of Vegetable Science, PAU, Ludhiana. Twenty eight F1 hybrids and eight parental lines were evaluated for fifteen different characters. In both the seasons, hybrids and parents were evaluated with commercial check Vardan. In rainy season, PSPL was good combiner for marketable yield per plant and PBOG-8 was good combiner for fruit weight, number of fruit per plant, dry matter and ash content. Hybrid Gutka Long x Pusa Naveen had significant positive specific combining ability for marketable yield per plant in rainy season. PBOG-7 x PBOG-8, Punjab Komal x Punjab Barkat were found to be the promising ones for number of fruits per plant and marketable yield. The maximum significant positive heterosis was found in Punjab Komal x PSPL (54.02%), Punjab Komal x PBOG-8 (51.94%) and PSPL x Gutka Long (50.28%) for marketable yield over check Vardan. For the quality character ascorbic acid, PSPL x Pusa Naveen, PSPL x Punjab Barkat and Pusa Naveen x PBOG-8 showed highly significant positive heterosis over the check in rainy season. The cross combination of Punjab Komal x PSPL, Punjab Komal x PBOG-8 and PSPL x Gutka Long were high yielders with the yielding potentialities of 5560, 5485 and 5425g/plant marketable yield. During summer season, PBOG-8 was good combiner for fruit weight, marketable yield, vine length, dry matter and ash content. 13 hybrids over Vardan showed significantly positive heterosis among 28 hybrids and five best were Punjab Komal x PSPL (41.32%), Punjab Long x Gutka Long (40.94%), Punjab Komal x Punjab Barkat (26.99%), Gutka Long x Pusa Naveen (25.07%) and PSPL x Pusa Naveen (22.32%). Punjab Komal x PSPL and Gutka Long x Pusa Naveen showed significantly positive heterosis for fruit weight and marketable yield. Punjab Komal x PSPL, Punjab Long x Gutka Long and Punjab Komal x Punjab Barkat were high yielders with the yielding potentialities of 5378.79, 5364.51 and 4833.33 g/plant marketable yield.