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20165
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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Development of hydroponic system for greenhouse tomato
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Harmanpreet Kaur; Sharda, Rakesh
    The field experiment was conducted in the year 2016 to study the development of hydroponic system for greenhouse tomato in the Demonstration Farm of Department of Soil and Water Engineering, PAU, Ludhiana. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design keeping three treatments (100%), (75%) and (50%) of Hoagland solution. The crop was grown in PVC pipes under controlled conditions. In the greenhouse, the temperature and relative humidity were maintained between 24 0C to 32 0C and 40 % to 65 % range respectively. The pH and EC of the Hoagland solution were maintained in the range of 5.5 to 6.5 and 1.5 to 2.5 dS/m respectively in the tank. The yield was best in T1 (100%) i.e 72.57 ton / ha which was comparable with T2 (75%) i.e, 69.28 ton / ha. With respect to quality parameters, there was non significant difference in moisture content, firmness and lycopene and there was significant difference in titrable acidity and TSS. The maximum value of titrable acidity and TSS were 0.16 and 7.37 respectively recorded for T1.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of drip irrigation on microbial activity in summer mungbean
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Harpinder Singh; Siag, Mukesh
    A field experiment was conducted in the summer of 2015 at PAU to determine the impact of drip irrigation on soil microbial activity, nodulation, growth and yield in summer mungbean. A mungbean variety “SML-832” was sown with three drip irrigation treatments of I1:1.0ETc, I2:0.80ETc, I3:0.60ETc and one controlled flood irrigation treatment. There was significant difference between treatments for growth parameters of plant height, leaf area index, root weight and chlorophyll content. Similarly, for symbiotic traits of nodule count, nodule dry weight and leghemoglobin content in nodules at flowering stage and yield parameters of grain yield, number of pods and grains per plant, significant difference existed between irrigation treatments. However for all growth, symbiotic traits and yield parameters there was non-significant difference between I1 and I2 treatments. The maximum number of nodules per plant (34.53), nodule dry weight (76.66 mg) and grain yield (1107 kg/ha) was in I2 while the minimum number of nodules (14.93), dry weight of nodules (44.46 mg) and grain yield (778 kg/ha) was in flood irrigation treatment. In case of soil quality parameters the viable count of soil microbes increased from sowing to flowering stage but decreased at maturity of crop. During flowering stage, the maximum viable count of soil bacteria (6.57 log Cfu/g), actinomycetes (5.52 log Cfu/g) and fungi (4.87 log Cfu/g) was found under I2 irrigation treatment while minimum under flood irrigation. Nodule count per plant and microbial activity in soil has positive linear correlation with crop yield. From the study it was concluded that drip irrigation in mungbean results in higher microbial activity in soil, increase in nodulation and better crop yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of web enabled water resource information system for SAS Nagar and Patiala district
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Banjeet Singh; Samanpreet Kaur
    India is the largest groundwater user in the world, with an estimated usage of around 230 cubic kilometers per year, more than a quarter of the global total. With more than 60 per cent of irrigated agriculture and 85 per cent of drinking water supplies dependent on it, groundwater is a vital resource for rural areas in India. Thus it is of great importance to compile up to date information about the water requirement for the irrigation & drinking purpose for all the districts in Punjab. Remote sensing and Geographic Information system (GIS) are the technologies that can provide efficient & effective information system to tackle the water quality & water supply planning parameters. Thus, under the present study, a web enabled water resource information system has been developed in GIS environment for the SAS Nagar and Patiala district, Punjab by using the open source software - MS4W and pmapper. This system provides digital information of natural i.e. drainage & man made features like roads, canals, tube well with its location etc for the study area. Such an information system can be very helpful for the administrators and can serve as a decision support system for the planners and policy makers so that the areas where the problem related to water quality can be indentified and focused upon. The system can provide an effective and meaningful direction for the planning and development of both districts.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Modelling the effect of climate change on irrigation requirements of rice-wheat system in central Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Din Dar, Mehraj U; Aggarwal, Rajan
    Climate change poses significant threats to global food security and water resources. In present study, the crop simulation model (DSSAT V 4.6.1) was applied to assess the effect of climate change on water balance components, especially irrigation requirements and yield behavior of rice- wheat system in Ludhiana district under HAD GEM2-ES RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. Bias correction of climate data was done by correction functions, developed using linear scaling method at monthly time scale for rainfall, Tmax and Tmin. The simulation spanned 46 years of baseline (1970-2015) as well as two future periods’ mid-century (MC) (2020-2050) and end century EC (2060-2090). The results showed that the temperature would increase by 1.56 °C and rainfall would decrease by 98 mm in MC (2020-2050); and 3.11°C and 90 mm in EC (2060-2090), respectively under RCP 4.5. In RCP 8.5 the increase in temperature and rainfall was 2.75°C and153 mm, respectively in MC and the corresponding values in EC was 5.46°C and 251 mm, respectively. As a consequence of this the irrigation requirements in MC and EC decreased by 8.6% and 7.4% in rice crop and increased by 24.4% and 43.1% in wheat crop respectively under RCP 4.5. But in RCP 8.5 the irrigation requirements for rice crop decreased by 13.73% and 12.7% in MC and EC, respectively and in wheat crop it increased to 27.14% and 30.69% in MC and EC, respectively. These findings may provide a useful insight into the potential effects of climate change on irrigation requirements and yield in Ludhiana district.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Simulation of heating and cooling of agricultural greenhouse using geothermal energy
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Namgial, Deldan; Aggarwal, Rajan
    The Earth Tube Heat Exchanger (ETHE) system was installed at the research field of Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The soil temperature was monitored upto 3.5 m from April 2013 to March 2014. The ETHE was designed and installed based on deep soil temperature and heating load of greenhouse. The ETHE consists of 42 m long PVC pipe of 0.25 m diameter buried at 3.5 m depth. The air was circulated with belt driven force drive centrifugal blower (radial blade) attached with 3 phase 10 hp motor. The ETHE was operated at velocity ranging from 2.3 to 24 m/s under open and closed system for winter heating from Oct 2014 to Feb 2015. It was also operated under open, closed and naturally ventilated system for summer cooling from April to June 2015. The thermal parameters viz. heating/cooling potential, Coefficient of Performance (COP) and tube efficiency were evaluated at different velocities and durations. In all ETHE systems it was observed that as velocity increased the temperature difference between inlet and outlet decreased. The mean heating potential, COP and tube efficiency under open system was higher than closed system in each set of velocity during peak winter. But the cooling potential, COP and tube efficiency under closed system was higher than open and naturally ventilated system during peak summer. The cooling potential, COP and tube efficiency during peak summer were higher than peak winter. However, the performance of greenhouse coupled with ETHE during peak winter was better than peak summer. Therefore, the study revealed that thermal parameters are not proportional to performance of greenhouse coupled with ETHE. The ETHE inlet and outlet temperatures recorded during ETHE operation were used to calibrate and validate the FLUENT model. The low value RMSE and percent error and high correlation coefficient during validation indicate reasonably accurate simulation of ETHE outlet temperature by the model. The parametric analysis revealed that ETHE performance increased with decreased in velocity and diameter of pipe and increased in buried depth and length of pipe.