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ThesisItem Open Access Breeding and Evaluation of Hybrid Seedlings of Chrysanthemum for Pot Culture(Department of floriculture and Landscaping College of Agricultue PAU, Ludhiana, 2000) Sheela, J. SathyaThesisItem Open Access Effect of environment and nitorgen levels on the grwoth, flower adn bulb productionof iris (I. Hollandica)(Department of floriculture and Landscaping College of Agricultue PAU, Ludhiana, 2001) Shairy; Arora, J. SThesisItem Restricted Breeding of hybrid roses for green house cultivation(Department of floriculture and Landscaping College of Agricultue PAU, Ludhiana, 2001) Singh, Vikash Kumar; Arora, J.L J.LThesisItem Open Access Effect of potting media on the growth of pot plants(Department of floriculture and Landscaping College of Agricultue PAU, Ludhiana, 2000) Dhir, Ritu; Grewal, H. SThesisItem Open Access Studies on induction of radiomutants for novel traits in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Setia, Mohit Kumar; Madhu BalaThe research entitled “Studies on induction of radiomutants for novel traits in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)” was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during the year 2015-16. The terminal rooted cuttings of two chrysanthemum cvs. ‘Thai Chen Queen’ and ‘Purnima’ were treated with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy dose of gamma rays and transplanted in pots (8") immediately after treatment. The experiment was conducted in factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with four replications comprising twenty five pots per replication. Gamma ray treated rooted cuttings along with control plants were evaluated for various vegetative and flowering characters. The maximum plant survival (70.44 %) was recorded in untreated plants and reduction in plant survival was increased with increasing dose of gamma irradiation. LD50 dose was determined as 20 Gy dose for cv. Thai Chen Queen and 15 Gy for cv. Purnima. In both the cultivars vegetative growth parameters decreases with increasing dose of gamma irradiation. Plant height at bud appearance (41.19 cm), (33.15 cm) and Internodal length (0.90 cm), (0.70 cm) was much reduced when rooted cuttings are treated with 20 Gy in both the cvs. Thai Chen Queen and Purnima respectively. The treatment with 20 Gy of gamma rays delayed bud initiation as well as flowering in both cultivars. Flower size and number of ray florets also decreased with increasing gamma irradiation. The leaf abnormalities were observed in terms of change in leaf shape, leaf size and floral abnormalities in terms of flower form which increased as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. Marked variations were recorded between the mutated and control populations. In cv. ‘Thai Chen Queen’ seven flower colour variants are developed, three at 10 Gy, three at 15 Gy and other one at 20 Gy whereas, two flower colour variants were developed in cv. ‘Purnima’. One at 10 Gy and one flower colour variants was developed at 15 Gy. This study developed a mutagenesis protocol that could be used to develop novel colour mutants in chrysanthemum.ThesisItem Restricted Morphological characterization of open cultivated floribunda roses (Rosa hybrida L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Paramjit Singh; Grewal, H.S.The present studies entitled, “Morphological characterization of open cultivated floribunda roses (Rosa hybrida L.)” were carried out at the Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2014-2016. The vegetative and floral parameters of 20 floribunda cultivars planted under open conditions were recorded. The maximum plant height at pruning (141.50 cm) and at full bloom (148.17 cm) was observed in cultivar „Brown Velvet‟, however, the maximum plant spread (57.50 cm) was recorded in cultivar „Judi Garden‟. The maximum number of shoots per plant (45.67) was observed in cultivar „Brown Velvet‟. Most of the cultivars were having brown and purple coloured thorns and dark green foliage, however, cultivar „Summer Snow‟ was thornless. The maximum leaf length (11.90 cm) was observed in cultivar „Rumba‟ and maximum leaf breadth (11.00 cm) was observed in cultivar „Brown Velvet‟. The maximum days for visible bud (155.67 days) and bud formation (157.67 days) was observed in cultivar „White Junior Miss‟. The pointed form of bud was observed in 12 floribunda cultivars out of 20 cultivars. The maximum days for colour development (161.67 days) and opening of flower (167.67 days) were observed in cultivar „White Junior Miss‟. The maximum days for senescence (196.33 days) were observed in cultivar „Eureka‟. The maximum bud length (31.31 mm) was recorded in cultivar „White Queen Elizabeth‟ and the maximum bud diameter (15.26 mm) was recorded in the cultivar „Brown Velvet‟. The foliage glossiness was observed in nine floribunda rose cultivars out of 20 cultivars. Flower size was observed maximum in „White Queen Elizabeth‟ (11.40 cm) and the flower stem length was maximum in cultivar „Brown Velvet‟ (82.16 cm). Flower colour of the cultivars evaluated, varied from Red, Purple, Yellow to Orange group and among them 11 floribunda rose cultivars were found fragrant. The maximum vase life of flowers (8 days) was recorded in cultivars „Rumba‟ and „Charisma‟. The maximum pollen viability was observed in cultivar „Brown Velvet‟ (71.67 %) and maximum pedicle length was observed in cultivar „Banjaran‟ (11.76 cm). The cultivar „Sadabahar‟ was found to be susceptible to cold. The maximum duration of flowering (41 days) was observed in cultivars „Hot Cocoa‟, „Judi Garden‟ and „White Junior Miss‟. The maximum number of petals per flower was recorded in cultivars „Arunima‟ (66.33). The seed setting was observed in only five cultivars out of the total 20 floribunda cultivars of roses.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on induction of mutation in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) through gamma irradiation(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Manpreet Singh; Madhu BalaThe present investigation "Studies on induction of mutation in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) through gamma irradiation" was carried out at Research Farm of Department of Floriculture and Landsacping, Punjab Agricultural University, during year 2012-2013. The rooted cuttings of two chrysanthemum varieties 'Gul-e-Sahir' and 'Bindiya' were treated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 Gy dose of gamma rays and planted in second week of August in Pots (20.32 cm). Evaluation was carried out for various vegetative and flowering characters. Maximum plant survival was recorded in untreated plants and reduction in plant survival increased with increasing doses of gamma irradiation. The maximum plant survival was 79.37% in 'Gul-e-Sahir' and 74.57% in 'Bindiya' at control i.e. 0 Gy dose. A reduction in number of branches and leaves per plant was recorded after gamma irradiation in both varieties at 30 Gy dose. The treatment with 30 Gy of gamma rays delayed the bud initiation as well as flowering in both varieties. Untreated plants of 'Gul-e-Sahir' and 'Bindiya' took 91.40 and 112.93 days to flower opening respectively. Flower size and number of ray florets also decreased with increased gamma irradiation. The leaf abnormalities were observed in terms of change in leaf shape, leaf size and floral abnormalities in terms of flower form which increased as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. In variety 'Gul-e-Sahir' four mutants were developed two at 10 Gy dose with green yellow colour and yellow colour with spoon shaped ray florets and other two at 20 Gy dose with yellow colour, flat and tubular ray florets. Three mutants were developed in variety 'Bindiya'. Two mutants were developed at 10 Gy with red colour, spoon and tubular ray florets. At 20 Gy one mutant was developed with red colour and irregular ray florets.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different growth regulators on rooting of stem cutting in Bougainvillea(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Anuradha; Grewal, H.S.The present investigations entitled “Effect of different growth regulators on rooting of stem cuttings in Bougainvillea” were undertaken at research farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana in difficult to root Bougainvillea varieties viz. Shubra, Lady Mary Baring and Zakiriana during 2015-16. In all the three varieties, stem cuttings were treated with different growth regulator concentrations and combinations for long duration (12h) and quick dip (<5 sec) and planted in the polybags containing garden soil. In the cuttings treated for quick dip (<5sec), IBA 2000 ppm resulted in maximum mean number of shoots (1.64), mean shoot length (7.07 cm), mean number of leaves (24.91), mean number of branches (2.17) and mean number of roots (3.75) of cuttings among all the growth regulator treatments. The treatment with NAA 2000 ppm resulted in maximum mean shoot emergence (35.56%) and establishment of plants (32.22%), however, treatment with NAA+IBA (100+500) ppm resulted in maximum mean root length (10.50 cm). Among all the three varieties, Zakiriana was the best with maximum shoot emergence (35.00%), number of shoots(1.30), average shoot length (5.10 cm), number of leaves (25.02), number of branches (1.30), number of roots (2.49), average length of roots (9.04 cm) and establishment of plants (32.33%). In the cuttings treated for long duration (12h), NAA+IBA (100+100) ppm resulted in maximum mean shoot emergence (40.00%) among all the growth regulator treatments. The treatment with IBA 500 ppm resulted in the maximum mean number of shoots (1.86), mean shoot length (7.11 cm), number of branches (1.84), number of roots (3.07). The treatment with NAA 500 ppm resulted in maximum mean number of branches (1.84), however, treatment with NAA+IBA (50+100) ppm resulted in the maximum mean number of leaves (28.81). The maximum mean per cent establishment (35.56%) of plants was observed in treatment with NAA+IBA (100+50) ppm. Among all the three varieties, Zakiriana was the best with maximum shoot emergence (44.33%), number of shoots(1.69), average shoot length (6.12 cm), number of leaves (30.80), number of branches (1.72), number of roots (2.64), average length of roots (13.25 cm) and establishment of plants (39.67%).ThesisItem Restricted Effect of planting time and spacing on flower production of Solidago (Solidago canadensis L.)(Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, 2016) Taranreet Kaur; Dubey, R. K.The present investigation entitled, “Effect of planting time and spacing on flower production of Solidago (Solidago canadensis L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2015-2016 with the objective of standardization of production technology of Solidago. Rooted suckers of Solidago were grown on the prepared beds (1.2 m × 1.2 m) during the two planting times of 3rd week of February and 3rd week of July at three different planting distance (20 cm × 20 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm and 40 cm × 40 cm).Regular cultural practices were followed as per the requirement. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design with six replications in 18 plots. The results revealed that maximum plant height, plant spread, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant and number of suckers per plant was recorded under February planting at a wider spacing of 40 cm × 40 cm. With respect to almost all vegetative characteristics, the best results were recorded in wider spacing of 40 cm × 40 cm. For floral characteristics, the February planting resulted in maximum number of inflorescences per plant, inflorescences length and duration of flowering at a spacing of 40 cm × 40 cm but days to flowering and days to bud appearance was maximum at a spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm. Moreover, July planting takes minimum days to flower. Maximum fresh weight of panicle, dry weight of panicle and vase life was recorded under July planting at a spacing of 40 cm × 40 cm.
