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Subject: Floriculture and Landscaping × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    Studies on induction of mutation in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) through gamma irradiation
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Manpreet Singh; Madhu Bala
    The present investigation "Studies on induction of mutation in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) through gamma irradiation" was carried out at Research Farm of Department of Floriculture and Landsacping, Punjab Agricultural University, during year 2012-2013. The rooted cuttings of two chrysanthemum varieties 'Gul-e-Sahir' and 'Bindiya' were treated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 Gy dose of gamma rays and planted in second week of August in Pots (20.32 cm). Evaluation was carried out for various vegetative and flowering characters. Maximum plant survival was recorded in untreated plants and reduction in plant survival increased with increasing doses of gamma irradiation. The maximum plant survival was 79.37% in 'Gul-e-Sahir' and 74.57% in 'Bindiya' at control i.e. 0 Gy dose. A reduction in number of branches and leaves per plant was recorded after gamma irradiation in both varieties at 30 Gy dose. The treatment with 30 Gy of gamma rays delayed the bud initiation as well as flowering in both varieties. Untreated plants of 'Gul-e-Sahir' and 'Bindiya' took 91.40 and 112.93 days to flower opening respectively. Flower size and number of ray florets also decreased with increased gamma irradiation. The leaf abnormalities were observed in terms of change in leaf shape, leaf size and floral abnormalities in terms of flower form which increased as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. In variety 'Gul-e-Sahir' four mutants were developed two at 10 Gy dose with green yellow colour and yellow colour with spoon shaped ray florets and other two at 20 Gy dose with yellow colour, flat and tubular ray florets. Three mutants were developed in variety 'Bindiya'. Two mutants were developed at 10 Gy with red colour, spoon and tubular ray florets. At 20 Gy one mutant was developed with red colour and irregular ray florets.
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    Weed management in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Ravneet Kaur; Madhu Bala
    ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled, “Weed management in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)” were undertaken in the experimental field area of the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2013-2014 to study the effect of different pre-emergence herbicides and different types of mulching materials on weed population, vegetative and floral parameters of chrysanthemum cv. Garden Beauty. Three pre-emergence herbicides viz. Butachlor, Atrazine @ 1 kg/ha, 1 kg/ha + 2 HW, 1.5 kg/ha and Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg/ha, 0.75 kg/ha + 2 HW, 1.0 kg/ha along with weed free and weedy control treatments were tried in chrysanthemum. Eleven different treatments with three replications were compared in terms of weed population, growth and floral characters. The result of experiment showed that butachlor 1 kg/ha + 2 HW was found to be the effective weed control method for controlling weed population. Weed free treatment resulted in the maximum plant height (68.22 cm), plant spread (38.27 cm), number of branches per plant (5.89), number o flowers per plant (70.37) and duration of flowering (21.77 days). Among the different herbicides tried, butachlor 1 kg/ha + 2 HW gave the maximum plant height (65.53 cm), plant spread (35.27 cm), number of branches per plant (5.56), number of flowers per plant (67.50) and duration of flowering (20.71 days). In another experiment, eleven different treatments comprising different types of mulching material (black and clear polythene sheet and paddy straw) were compared. Among the different mulching material used, mulch with black polythene 150 µm showed better results with effective weed control and improved growth and floral parameters. This treatment showed the maximum plant height (66.67 cm), plant spread (41.77 cm), number of branches per plant (5.55), number of flowers per plant (71.56) and duration of flowering (21.22 days). Weed free treatment also showed better results with maximum plant height (67.00 cm), plant spread (42.22 cm), number of branches per plant (5.78), number of flowers per plant (72.11) and duration of flowering (22.00 days). Out of 14 weed species, Cyperus rotundus, Phyllanthus niruri and Parthenium hysterophorus were not controlled by any herbicidal or mulching treatments in the experiment.