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ThesisItem Restricted Effect of photoperiod, nitrogen and growing media on morphological development of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Thakur, Tanya; Grewal, H.S.The present investigations entitled “Effect of photoperiod, nitrogen and growing media on morphological development of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)” were undertaken at Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2014-16 to study the effect of photoperiod, nitrogen and growing media on plant growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cultivars Kikiobiory, Snowball (standard) and Anmol (spray). The terminal cuttings taken from mother stock plants were rooted with treatment of IBA 400mg/l in burnt rice husk/sand in June-July. The rooted cuttings were transplanted individually in July-August in the earthen/ plastic pots filled with mixture of soil and FYM (2:1) in Experiment I and II, whereas, in Experiment III, the rooted cuttings were transplanted in different potting media as per the treatments. The photoperiodic treatments (night interruption), nitrogen dose (urea) and growing media compositions significantly (p<0.05) affected the plant growth and flowering in all the three Chrysanthemum cultivars. The vegetative growth i.e. plant height (90.42, 94.64 and 64.49 cm), number of primary branches (3.20), leaves (34.75, 32.24 and 77.44) and root suckers (12.10, 12.01 and 12.85) per plant increased, whereas, time of flowering (202.25, 108.57 and 201.84 days) was delayed with increase in duration of photoperiodic night interruption (NI) from <5 sec. to 120 min. in cv. Kikiobiory, Snowball and Anmol, respectively. In cv. Snowball, NI of more than <5 sec. completely inhibited flower bud appearance, resulting in rosette formation of leaves. Likewise, the plant height (75.47, 73.03 and 44.80 cm), number of primary branches (3.03), leaves (30.92, 31.02 and 82.16, ) and root suckers (11.47, 12.10 and 17.67) per plant increased significantly, whereas, time of flowering (144.87, 115.28 and 145.14 days) was delayed with increase in nitrogen dose (urea) from 100 to 500 mg/pot in cv. Kikiobiory, Snowball and Anmol, respectively. The flower diameter, number of flowers per plant and nitrogen content of plants significantly increased, whereas, duration of flowering was reduced with increase in duration of NI and nitrogen application in all the three cultivars. Among the growing media, the plant height (68.64, 70 and 41.80 cm) number of primary branches (2.22), leaves (30.90, 31.16 and 65.24) and root suckers (12.51, 12.10 and 12.43) flowers (71.50) per plant increased, whereas, flowering time (149.86, 116.34, and 144.96 days) was delayed in the media supplemented with cocopeat with maximum in cocopeat + FYM (2:1) in cv. Kikiobiory, Snowball and Anmol, respectively. The flower quality i.e. flower diameter and duration of flowering improved in the media supplemented with vermiculite and the maximum was observed in vermiculite + FYM (2:1). Therefore, in chrysanthemum, sustained flower pot production with better growth and flower quality could be achieved with 60 min. of night interruption and use of light weight media i.e. cocopeat + vermiculite + FYM (1:1:1) with application of 300 mg/pot urea twice at interval of three weeks.