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2010 - 20113
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Subject: Family Resource Management × End date: 2012 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR FOR SELECTED HOUSEHOLD ITEMS: A STUDY OF RURAL AND URBAN HOMEMAKERS
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2011) Inderpreet Kaur; Savita, Batish
    The present study was conducted in rural and urban area of Ludhiana district with objectives; to know the purchase behaviour of rural and urban home makers for selected household items, to examine the factors influencing purchase behavior, to study the problems experienced by respondents while making purchases and to suggest guidelines for the empowerment of respondents. Sixty respondents each from rural and urban area were taken as sample of the study. Household items viz. processed food items and kitchen equipment were selected. Data were collected through personal interview. Results revealed that respondents from both the area were not following wise purchase practices viz. making of budget, deciding about what, when and from where to buy, remaining alert during weighing, checking of government seal on weights, checking for quality assurance marks, getting and checking cash memo etc. Checking of government seal on weights was least considered purchase practice as nearly 95.00 per cent of the respondents from both the area did not check it. More than 80.00 per cent of the rural respondents never get and check the cash memo whereas 76.67 per cent of the urban respondents sometimes followed this practice. Respondents were facing various problems like short weight, adulteration, misbranding, overpricing, duplicity, poor quality, false packaging, out-dated products and substandard material, duplicate parts, false guarantee, poor after sales service, no exchange facility regarding kitchen equipment. Nearly 80.00 per cent of the rural respondents and 60.00 per cent of the urban respondents were not able to recognize the original quality assurance marks from the deceptive ones and were also unaware about the consumer protection rights. More than 95.00 per cent of the respondents never sought justice for their grievances by approaching consumer court. In spite of facing so many problems a small percentage i.e. 03.33 per cent of the respondents in rural area and nearly 10.00 per cent of the respondents in urban area were those who took actions against the business malpractices.
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    TRENDS IN SAVING AND INVESTMENT PATTERN: A COMPARISON OF RURAL AND URBAN MIDDLE CLASS FAMILIES OF LUDHIANA DISTRICT
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2011) Dhir, Silky
    The present study was undertaken to assess the trends in saving and investment pattern of rural and urban middle class families of Ludhiana district, with objectives; to examine the sources of income and expenditure pattern of rural and urban respondents, to compare their saving and investment pattern, to identify their determinants of saving and to develop a literacy kit for educating them about the saving and investment schemes. The study was conducted on 140 respondents, 70 each from two localities of Ludhiana city and two villages from one block of Ludhiana district. The respondents were selected from the middle class families with an annual income between ` 2 lacs and 10 lacs. The information was collected by personal interview method. Results revealed that agricultural income was the important source of income for the rural respondents whereas income from business was important source of income for urban respondents. The monthly expenditure was highest on food items for respondents from both the categories and it was higher for all the items for urban families as compared to rural families. Forty per cent respondents from rural category and 57.14 per cent from urban urban category were planning the budget. Important determinants of saving both for rural and urban respondents were: their children‟s wedding, education and to meet emergencies like serious illness, accidents etc. The most important saving and investment options were cash, insurance policies, fixed deposits and national saving certificates for respondent from both the categories the major reasons for selection for particular option were; safety, convenience, tax benefit, liquidity and high returns. A large number (33.57%) of respondents were saving between 20-30 per cent of their income where as 61.43 per cent wanted to save between 40 and 50 per cent of their monthly income. Insurance, real estate, gold and bank deposits were the options considered the best by a large number of respondents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF WORK STATION FOR FEMALES ENGAGED IN COOKING ACTIVITIES
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2010) Bhatt, Hema
    Study was undertaken to do ergonomic assessment of kitchen workstation for females engaged in cooking activities, with objectives; to study the problems faced by women in existing workstation, to assess the physiological parameters of female workers engaged in selected cooking activities and to evaluate the design of selected work station in-terms of ergonomic standards. Study was conducted in two phases (survey and field experiment). In first phase eighty homemakers were taken from Ludhiana. Information was gathered regarding the existing physical features and environmental conditions of the kitchen along with respondent‟s anthropometric measurements. In phase-II, sixteen respondents having similar physical and physiological parameters were selected. For experimentation five activities; cutting, grating, kneading, rolling and dish-washing were selected. Results revealed that in urban areas all respondents had closed, standing kitchen with either „L‟ or „U‟ shaped counters. Kitchen area ranged between 6.7 to 8.4 sq. m. Storage facility was found neglected in many of kitchens as it was beyond comfortable reach of homemakers. The environmental conditions were also found above the recommended limits affecting working efficiency. Results also revealed that energy expenditure ranged from 7.0 to10 kj\min, TCCW was between 200.81 to 364.30 beats, PCW was 12.82 to 26.26 beats\min; maximum for grating and minimum for rolling. The percent increase in heart rate was maximum for grating 38.56 and minimum for rolling 16.20. Reduction in grip and pinch strength of right hand was found more as compared to the left hand. The percent deviation in thoracic and in lumbar region was maximum during kneading and minimum during rolling.