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Subject: Agricultural Economics × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Changing pattern of consumption and its implications for food security in India
    (PAU, 2015) Chopra, Shruti; Toor, M.S.
    The issue of household food security has been one of the major concerns in India which depends upon several factors such as growth trends in population, per capita income, urbanization, changes in taste in the era of globalization and future growth of the bottom-most section of the population. The present study is attempted to highlight the long-term changes in consumption pattern in India from 1993-94 to 2009-10. The consumption pattern of agricultural commodities was analyzed temporally, spatially and across the income classes using household consumption data from consumption expenditure survey conducted by National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). The sharp decline in cereal consumption scrutinised by the study can be attributed to changes in tastes and preferences of the consumer within the food group from ‘cereals’ to ‘non-cereal’ food items and from ‘coarse’ to ‘fine’ cereals and in general from, ‘food’ to ‘non-food items’. The results of the study revealed a structural shift in consumption pattern over the past two ecades. Diminishing share of essential food commodities (cereals, pulses, edible oil, vegetables) and increasing share of high value agricultural commodities (milk and its products, egg, fish, meat and fruits), with rise in income empiricallyconfirms Bennet’s law of consumption. The results further, were also in conformity with the Engel’s Law of consumption. The study also investigated the relationship of change in household consumption with household income, socio-economic development and other development indicators of the major states. The study brought out that the states (Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu) with highest female literacy percent have low share of consumption expenditure on cereals, pulses, edible oil, vegetables and total food and high share of consumption expenditure on egg, fish, meat , fruits and non-food items. Looking into the supply and demand balance for cereals, it appeared that demand will be met in future with a surplus of cereals till 2025-26. However, it is highly likely that the pulses grains would be short in supply of demand in the coming years underthe third and fourth scenarios (8 and 9 per cent rowth rate) of the study. The study suggested knowledge based agriculture, innovations and policies, which could provide local solutions by global experiences as a prerequisite in this changing scenario.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integration and Efficiency of Markets for Important Crops in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Parvinder Jeet Kaur; Sekhon, M.K.
    The present study examines the market integration among different markets at macro level and pricing efficiency of American cotton, maize and paddy in Bathinda, Hoshiarpur and Sangrur district of Punjab respectively using primary data at micro level. The average net returns of paddy for different categories was highest Rs.75384.81.The average annual price variability of American cotton, maize and Paddy was found to be Rs 3922.67 (3.26), Rs.949.53 (4.24) and Rs.2563.33 (3.26) respectively showing that price variability was highest in maize.Pricing efficiency was found to be determined by marketable surplus, operational area and storage pattern in the three crops. While these factors explained 67 percent pricing efficiency in American cotton, it explained as high as 95 per cent in maize and as low as 21 per cent in paddy. The Secondary data were collected from markets of different states to study the market integration. The Vector Error Correction model was used to study the market integration. Among cotton markets, convergence to equilibrium was the lowest in Rajkot market (11 hours). It was found to be the highest in Akola market (19 hours). In maize, the convergence to equilibrium was the highest in Ahmednagar (11 hours) and it was the lowest in Bangalore (10 hours) market. For paddy markets, equilibrium convergence was the highest in Sangrur (14 hours) and it was the lowest in Shahjahanpur (5 hours). The study suggested that price efficiency can be improved with improvements in market infrastructure while market integration can be better achieved by reducing communication bottlenecks.