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Subject: Agricultural Economics × End date: 2013 × Start date: 2012 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Resource use, employment and income among marginal and small farm households in Punjab
    (PAU, 2013) Sharma, Richa; Garg, B.R.
    The present study was undertaken to study the resource use and income on the marginal and small farms in Punjab, to develop optimum product-mix for these farms and compare it with existing ones, to find out credit requirements and access to institutional finance on these farms, to study the nature and extent of employment of these farm households and to identify factors determining income for the marginal and small farm households. The primary data related to availability and use of various resources on the marginal and the small farms, access to credit of the farmers, nature and extent of employment and sources of income of the marginal and small farm households were collected through personal interview method from the sample of 320 farmers in Punjab pertaining to the year 2009-10. The results brought out that the marginal and the small farmers not only had a small size of operational holding but also suffered from lack of various resources in farm production. There existed a scope to increase income on their farm provided new high yielding crop and other alternative activities were introduced to them along with provision of sufficient capital and technical knowhow for their production. The industry of agriculture was the main source of employment for the household members of the marginal and the small farmers. Only a few persons from these farm households could find employment in the other industries. There was felt an urgent need to strengthen non-farm sector in Punjab in order to siphon off unemployed or disguisedly employed household members of the marginal and small farmers from the industry of agriculture.
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    An economic analysis of sugar industry in Punjab
    (PAU, 2013) Ambujam, Anuradha Devi; Chahal, S.S.
    The present study was carried out to ascertain the performance of sugar industry in Punjab. The study was carried out by selecting two sugar mills based on highest TCD each from cooperative and private sectors. So as to examine the causes of failures of sugar mills, the Zira Cooperative Sugar mill was selected purposively. In order to achieve the stipulated objectives both secondary and primary data were used. The data were analyzed by using various statistical tools such as compound growth analysis, regression analysis, ratio analysis, tabular analysis, etc. The major findings of the study revealed that the area, production and productivi21ty of sugarcane have declined both at state and national level. The state have lower growth rate of area under sugarcane and production than the national level while the growth of sugarcane yield was higher in the state level. Similarly, growth of sugar production, recovery of sugar and total cane crushed by the mills has been declining through time. The results indicate that there has been wide variation in area and production of sugarcane in the state as well as the national level. The production of sugarcane was affected by area and interaction effect of yield and area. The total cane crushed by the mills was found to be an important factor for production of sugar both at state and national level. The acreage under sugarcane was affected by both price and non-price factors. The farmers rapidly adjust the area under sugarcane both in short-run and long-run. The profitability, operational performance, solvency and liquidity of the mills were not satisfactory in both the sectors. Comparatively, the private sector had better physical and financial performance than the cooperative sector. The study identified various technological, socio-economic, infrastructural, financial and marketing problems faced by the cane growers. Further, the important constraints of the sugar industry such as low sugar recovery, shortage of sugarcane supply, inability to pay arrear to the cane growers in time, low level of profitability and non-viability of sugar mills were also identified. The case study of Zira Cooperative Sugar Mill revealed that the mill has been under financial stress right from its inception. The prevailing production, processing and marketing of sugarcane and sugar as well as the financial position of the sugar mills were not conducive to the various stakeholders. This calls for pragmatic policy which could benefit both the farmers and sugar mills.