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20126
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Subject: Agricultural Economics × End date: 2012 × Start date: 2012 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY OF PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES OF SELECTED FOOD-BASED SUPERSTORES IN PUNJAB
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2012) SOURAV JAIN; Gagandeep, Banga
    The present reseach was undertaken with the objectives to study the promotional strategies by food-based superstores in Punjab and to study the Point of Purchase strategies(Instore-displays) followed by these stores. The study was conducted by selecting 10 food-based superstores from Punjab on judgment basis. Primary data was collected with the help of a structured non dis-guised questionnaire. The study shows that all the superstores were using promotional strategies. The most important promotional tools were advertising and sales promotion. The purpose of P-o-P is informing the customer about the product, service and promotional schemes. The study further shows that the most effective P-o-P strategies are product displays and shelf talkers and the most effective In-store displays are the rack display and ensemble displays.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    FOODGRAIN LOSSES – A CASE STUDY OF KATHUA DISTRICT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR
    (PAU, 2012) Hussain, Mansoor
    The study entitled foodgrain losses- A case study of Kathua district of Jammu & Kashmir was undertaken to estimate the losses of wheat and paddy during harvesting and threshing operations; to examine various types of storage structures used by the farmers for wheat and paddy and their storage losses and to study the loss of wheat and paddy during marketing by the farmers. The study was conducted in the Kathua district of Jammu & Kashmir state. Wheat and paddy were studied because these two crops had about 92 and 42 per cent of the net area sown of Kathua district during the year 2007-08. The total sample consisted of 120 farmers. The study revealed that average size of operational holding of the selected farmers was 5.38 acres during the year 2010-11. The small farmer operated at 2.73 acres whereas this figure was 6.55 acres and 17.75 acres for medium and large farmers respectively. During the kharif season, paddy was the principal crop grown by the sample farmers. Similarly wheat was the important crop grown by the selected farmers in rabi season. The study brought out that about 82 per cent of the wheat area was harvested manually using sickle and the rest about 18 per cent with harvest-combine. The respective figures for paddy were about 90 per cent and 10 per cent respectively. The harvesting loss was high in case of sickle harvesting. For wheat, the harvesting loss with sickle was about 21 kgs per acre whereas this figure was about 6 kgs per acre with harvest-combine. In case of paddy, the harvesting loss with sickle was 21.07kgs per acre and 6.25 kgs per acre for combine harvesting. The threshing loss of wheat and paddy was about 21 kgs per acre and 9 kgs per acre. The per acre threshing loss of paddy was less as compared to wheat because the moisture content in paddy was more. The study brought out that storage of wheat and paddy in kohl was the most common followed by bharola and metal bin. The storage loss of wheat for family consumption and seed was 4.62 per cent and 3.38 per cent respectively. The respective figures for paddy were 1.86 per cent and 1.55 per cent. The storage loss was low in case of paddy as compared to wheat because rice grain was covered with shell, therefore, rice grain was more safe in the inner layer. The marketing loss of wheat and paddy
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SUSTAINABILITY OF FOOD SYSTEMS IN PUNJAB: MEASUREMENT AND EMERGING TRENDS
    (PAU, 2012) Abdul Nasir
    The present study was conducted to review various indicators for measuring sustainability for simultaneous comparison on spatial as well as temporal basis and to ensure future sustainability of food systems in Punjab. Secondary data on various variables were collected for each district of Punjab state from 1970-71 to 2009-10. In order to measure the quantum of sustainability, methodology proposed by Iyenger and Sudharshan (1982) was used to develop the indices. Sustainability indices and each component of sustainability such as availability, access and utilization was distributed to five classes on the basis of indices values ranging from 0 to 0.4915, 0.4915 to 0.537, 0.537 to 0.576, 0.576 to 0.620 and 0.620 to 1.00 as the least, less, moderate, high and higher sustainability respectively. The study indicated that Punjab started as a least sustainable state in 1970-71 and ended up as higher sustainable state in 2009-10, however, stagnation in sustainability index is seen in the last few years mainly because of decline in the access component. The growth in sustainability index over the whole period is calculated as 0.83 percent but the high coefficient of variation showing a large inconsistency. The growth over the whole period in the availability is calculated as 0.84 percent with coefficient of variation as 10.04, which is very high showing a large inconsistency. The growth over the whole period in access of food in Punjab is calculated as 0.62 per cent which shows a significant positive change in access. For the measurement of utilization of food in Punjab, only one variable, literacy rate was taken which cannot give clear picture of utilization in the state. The trend in sustainability of food has not been uniform in all the districts of Punjab. The trend in availability index was also not of uniform nature and it varied across the districts of Punjab. Punjab showed comparatively different trend in access component with many ups and downs in the access component and it followed a cyclic trend throughout the whole study period. Most of the districts which were formed in nineties were having higher growth rates in access to food than the other districts of
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Dynamics and Sustainability of Livestock Sector in Punjab.
    (2012) Subash.S.P
    Livestock is an important sector in Punjab state. Owing to the changing dynamics globally and nationally present study was conducted to analyse the growth pattern, composition, intensity of livestock sector and factors determining them, and to assess the sustainability status of the sector in the state. The study was based on secondary data of livestock population from livestock censuses and various other variables warranted by the objectives. The study was carried out by employing tabulation with compound growth rates, percentages and indices. The trend of livestock population in the state was not in consonance with national scenario as they were declining since 1990s. The overall growth of livestock species was also found to be declining. The change was mainly due to preference towards high productive milch animals and technological advancement. A recent surge in sheep population was noticed due to the implementation of extension centres and breeding programmes. The composition of livestock was found to be favoring buffaloes. In the state buffaloes mainly female stock are gaining importance as people prefer for high fat content milk and rearing of productive animals. The intensity of livestock species other than buffalo was found to be declining. The growth, composition and intensity of the sector were mainly governed by institutional support. The results revealed that the sustainability of the state was found to be increasing over the period due to increase in high productive stock and low environmental externalities. Hence, this sector could be promoted for diversification among agricultural subsectors.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Rural land transactions in Ludhiana district of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2012) Bhangu, Preet Kamal Singh; Sukhpal singh
    The present study has been carried out with the objectives to study the pattern of sale/purchase of agricultural land, the pattern of agricultural land lease market and to study the factors affecting agricultural land market in Ludhiana district of Punjab. Three villages from different blocks of Ludhiana district were selected on the basis of development index. Data were collected during the year 2010-11 regarding land sale/purchase transactions for the year 2001-10 and land lease transactions for the year 2010-11. A total number of 143 farmers were selected, out of which 27 (18.88%) farmers were involved only in sale\purchase transactions, 22 (15.40%) in lease transactions and 94 (65.73%) were involved in sale/purchase as well as lease transactions. The proportion of farmers who sold and sold-cum-purchased land was the highest among marginal and small farmers and the lowest among large farmers. However, the proportion of land buyers was the highest among semi-medium famers and the lowest among marginal farmers. The major land buyers were colonizers, property dealers, commission agents and businessmen who purchased 75 per cent of total sold land in the study area. The proportion of farmers who leased-in and both leased-in/out land was the highest among semi-medium farmers and the lowest among marginal farmers. The number of farmers who leased-out their land was the highest among semi-medium farmers and the lowest among large farmers. The expenditure on land purchase, expenditure on social ceremonies and expenditure on construction of house had positively and significantly influenced agricultural land sale market. However, in land purchase market, only one factor namely sale of land contributed positively and significantly.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of training on the productivity and income of vegetable growers in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2012) Sidhu, jagroop singh
    The present study was undertaken to access the impact of training on the productivity and income of vegetable growers in Punjab, their socio-economic profile and the constraints and policy measures to improve their productivity and income. A multi stage sample of 90 vegetable growers consisting of 45 trained and 45 untrained growers, was selected from ten villages falling in nine blocks of six districts falling in three different agro-climatic zones of Punjab. It was found that the age and the education of the members as well as the head of the family have turned out to be the important determinants for seeking the training for higher productivity and income to raise the standard of the family. One an average the vegetable growers received training of 5 days duration. In vegetable farming, the difference between the variable costs of trained and untrained vegetable growers’ farms came to be insignificant. In general, human labour emerged as the major cost component on vegetable cultivation. The returns over variable cost were found to be significantly higher on trained vegetable growers’ farms as compared to that on untrained vegetable growers’ farms. This was due to better productivity of all the vegetable crops on trained vegetable growers’ farms than on untrained vegetable growers’ farms. This may be due to more knowledge acquired by the trained vegetable growers during training about vegetable growing as compared to the untrained vegetable growers who did not attend any training program on vegetable growing. The study also identified that the perishable nature of vegetables resulting in heavy losses, high cost of production of vegetable crops and non availability of quality seed emerged as the major production related constraints while lack of cold storage facility, lack of assured market, losses during marketing and high transportation cost emerged as the major market related constraints faced by the vegetable growers in Punjab. The trained vegetable growers faced significantly less constraints as compared to the untrained vegetable growers due to training. Overall, availability of cold storage facility, low cost of storage, quick bid of produce, assured market and assured good quality of seed emerged as the most common suggestions given by the vegetable growers in Punjab. The present study brought about that training of vegetable growers has significantly improved their skills and they were able to relax their production and marketing constraints. Consequently, their productivity and income from vegetable crops increased.