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2018 - 201912020 - 20221
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Subject: Agricultural Economics × Author: Jain, Mehak × Start date: 1970 × Type: Thesis ×
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    Study on Women Empowerment among Farm Households in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Jain, Mehak; Sharma, Shalini
    Women in India are the backbone of the society and important resource in agriculture and rural economy. They make essential contributions to the agricultural development, allied, household activities and pursue multiple livelihood strategies. Participation of women in agriculture varies from region to region in Punjab. So, the present study was an attempt to measure women empowerment and gender parity among farm households with specific objectives: (i) to study socio-economic profile of women respondents in selected farm households (ii) to measure empowerment of women among selected farm households (iii) to find out gender parity in selected households (iv) to identify challenges faced by women and suggest the way forward. The present study was conducted in three agro-climatic zones of Punjab state namely sub-mountainous zone, central plain zone and south-western zone. One district was randomly selected from each zone i.e. Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana and Ferozepur. Two blocks from each selected district and three villages from each block were selected randomly for the purpose of present investigation. From each selected block, forty households based on probability proportionate to three categories of farm household i.e. small, medium, large were selected randomly. Total sample size was of 240 farm households. The study found that one third of farm women were either illiterate or lowly educated, majority were not gainfully employed, were engaged in household chores (89.7%). The study found that still 12 per cent of respondents had no mobile phones of their own and half (50.8%) of farm women were not able to do any banking operations Also, majority (93.3%) of respondents had no ownership of land. Study disclosed edge of zone1 farm women in human resources followed by zone 2 and zone 3 but did not find significant difference amongst different farm size categories. Large farm households had better level of material resources. Zone 1 had high level of social resource followed by zone 2 and zone 3 and small farm women had an edge over the large farm women in this resource. In agency aspect too significant zonal association was found with zone 1 leading in it. Psychological wellbeing had significant association with farm size category while physical wellbeing showed zonal association. Among household challenges, patriarchal norms (2.04) was found major challenge (Rank I) while at community level farm women were deprived of legal rights (rank I) and unsupportive community ethics (rank II). Lack of capacity building avenues (rank I) was the challenge at market level. Government intervention is strongly needed especially in central and south western zone for training of farm women in alternative skills to promote their self-employment and financial security and hence their empowerment. Agency aspect of women need to be strengthened through education, inclusive cultural norms and family support
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    Sociological Study on rural youth in Sangrur District of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Jain, Mehak; Sidhu, Simran Kang
    India is one of the youngest nations in the world, with almost 65 per cent of the population under the age of 35 years. The youth in the age group of 15 to 29 years comprised 27.5 per cent of the population (Verma et al 2017). Attributes of strong passion, motivation and will power make them the most valuable human resource for fostering economic, cultural and political development of a nation. However, the present situation characterised by lack of proper education and occupational opportunities on one side and their inability to adapt global culture but running down faith in local cultural practices on the other has brought Indian youth at the verge of exigency. To get youth out it and to channelize their creative energies, there is call for a comprehensive policy through systematic studies focusing the nature and state of contemporary youth. The proposed study is an effort in this direction with the objectives (i) to assess physical, social and economic profile of youth in the village.(ii) to study institutional pattern of conduct of youth in the village(iii) to highlight problems of youth and suggest remedial measures. The study was conducted in Balewal village of Sangrur district of Punjab. By door to door survey, all the young persons of the village having age between 15-35 years and residing in that village from the last ten years were taken as respondents. Sample size was 281respondents (136 males & 145 females). The findings of the study revealed that 12 percent males were overweight and 50 percent females were under weight. Except 15 percent of respondents, majority dropped studies at matric/senior secondary level and reasons for drop out given by majority were either disinterested in studies or inability to get admission in college due to poor academic performance. Most of the leisure time of youth in the village was either spent by watching television or by gossiping with friends or neighbours. Majority of the youth still consider caste and family background as main considerations for marriage. All females but only nine percent of males were teetotallers. Among the males who consumed intoxicants, half were used to consume alcohol only while others, along with alcohol were hooked to drugs as well. Among family problems, criticism and vigilance by parents were the main problems faced by young respondents while at social front, their low economic and educational status was the main problem in their life. The study concluded that high quality education leading to occupational opportunities may solve almost all the problems confronted by rural youth. It was suggested that at block level, two or three big schools, each catering to the needs of approximately five adjoining villages equipped with modern means and methods at affordable to all should be established. To deal with psychological problems of young, Government and Non Government Organizations must come up with youth counselling cells and youth clubs so that youth energies can be channelized and utilised in constructive activities for social and economic development of the country.