Thumbnail Image

Thesis

Browse

End date: 2001 × Start date: 2001 ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 22
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON BACTERIAL MASTITIS IN BOVINES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) SMITHA ROSE SEBASTIAN; K. Vijayakumar
    A study was carried out to detect subclinical mastitis by California mastitis test, to compare the different mastitis indicators, to identify the bacterial agents responsible and their antibiogram and to assess the efficacy of different treatments adopted. Tlie occurrence of subclinical mastitis in organized farms and m and around ntrissur rvas found to be 25.17 per cent, after examining 1053 quarter milk samples by California mastitis test. A total of 265 milk samples were subjected to somatic cell count, modified Whiteside test and modified Aulendorfer mastitis probe test. These tests showed a positi\'e correlation with somatic cell count. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the chief etiological agent followed by coagulase negative staphylococci, coliforms and Streptococcus agalacliae. Chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin were found to be the most effective antibiotics against bacterial isolates from mastitis cases and sulphadiazine and irimethoprim the least effective. In vivo studies revealed that oxytetracycine is more effective followed by enrofloxacin and amoxycillin-cloxacillin combination. But the bacteriological cure was same for all the treatments. The twenty four Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical mastitis were grouped into seven different genotypes using RAPD analysis. The four Escherichia coli isolates gave single RAPD pattem. S. aureus genotype a was found to be more prevalent.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) A. SABIHA MAHABOOB KADARI; V.K. Elizabeth
    The effects of different levels of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium and Yeasace 1026) supplementation at 0.025 and 0.05 per cent of the ration on the performance of broiler chicken were evaluated using 144, one-day old, commercial broiler chicks for a period of eight weeks. The birds were divided into three dietary treatment groups viz., standard broiler ration (T^}, standard broiler ration with 0.025 percent probiotic (Tg) and stamdard broiler ration with 0.05 percent probiotic (Tg). Standard broiler ration was formulated as per Bureau of Indian Standards (1992) specification for broiler chicken feed. The 0.025 percent probiotic supplemented birds showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight upto six weeks of age. At the end of eight weeks of age, the 0.05 per cent probiotic fed birds grew faster. The body weight gain was significantly higher in 0.025 per cent probiotic supplemented group upto six weeks of age but was statistically non-significant upto eight weeks of age. The feed intake was not statistically significant throughout the experimental period. Eventhough the feed efficiency was significantly (P_<0.01) better in the group fed with 0.025 per cent probiotic at the end of second week, it was statistically non-significant at sixth and eighth weeks of age. The protein efficiency was not significantly different throughout the experimental period. The serum cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in both the probiotic supplemented groups. The serum protein level was not affected by probiotic supplementation. The processing yields did not show any significant difference among treatments. The mortality percentage was not affected by treatments. Cost of production of broilers in the 0.025 per cent probiotic group was lower when compared with other two groups at the end of six weeks of age, while it was lower in the 0.05 per cent probiotic supplemented group at the end of eight weeks of age. It can be concluded that probiotic supplementation in standard broiler ration at a lower level was beneficial in the early stages of growth.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PRODUCTIVITY AND FEASIBILITY OF FIG PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN RURAL SECTOR
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) S. HARIKUMAR; Joseph Mathew
    The productivity and feasibility of pig production systems were studied in the rural sector of Kerala, The study on feasibility of pig production and problems and prospects associated with pig farming was conducted in Kaiparambu and Kuzhoor Panchayaths in Thrissur district of Kerala. The performance of Large White Yorkshire pigs in organized farms and field units was compared. Majority of the pig farmers were having higher educational and economic status and were equipped with potential and facilities for economic pig production. The management practices were cost effective and suited well for pig production in rural sector. Problems and constraints faced by the pig farmers were minimum in two Panchayaths. It was observed that the feasibility of the pig production was higher in two Panchayaths studied. The resource utilization efficiency of the existing pig production was only 40.95per cent and I9.53per cent, respectively in Kaiparambu and Kuzhoor Panchayaths. In the comparative study between pigs in the organized farm and field units, the pigs reared in small field unit on 40per cent chicken offal and 60per cent restaurant waste recorded a significantly higher (P<0.01) slaughter weight of 73.66 + 3.15kg than that of 60.00 ± 2.79kg in pigs reared on hostel food waste in the farm. In the case of body measurements, pigs in small field unit group recorded maximum values. The feed efficiency (3.221 ±0.15) was better in pigs fed on 40pcr cent chicken offal and 60pcr cent restaurant waste. The mean daily dry matter intake was a maximum of 1.417 ± 0.19g in pigs reared on concentrate ration. The average daily weight gain was highest in pigs fed on 40per cent chicken offal and 60per cent restaurant waste (367 .13 ± 16.64g) and lowest in hostel food waste fed pigs (287.96 ± 15.23g). Pigs fed on 40per cent chicken offal and 60per cent restaurant waste were recorded a maximum value for dressing percentage (75.52 ± 0.41). Pigs fed on concentrate ration attained a maximum of 19.36 + 2.2cm^ for loin eye area and a minimum of 28.0 + 0.22mm for back fat thickness. Meat bone ratio was the lowest in pigs fed on hostel food waste (3.53 ± 0.19). Hot carcass weight (55.66 ± 2.49kg) and carcass length (65.00 ± 0.83cm) was more in pigs fed on 40per cent chicken offal and 60per cent restaurant waste in T4 group. In proximate analysis chicken offal was recorded a crude protein content of 35.63 + 2.77per cent and ether extract of 30.9 ± 2.31per cent. Concentrate, restaurant waste and hostel waste were recorded a higher NFE content. Cost of production per kilogram live weight of pigs was the highest in concentrate t^d group (Rs 54.66) and the lowest in small field unit (Rs 12.64).
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENERGY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED PIGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2001) REKHA, P.; George Mathew
    An experiment was conducted to assess the influence of different le\'els of energy on the growth performance of crossbred (Large White Yorkshire x Desi) pigs. Fifteen male (castrated) and fifteen female weaned crossbred piglets with an average body weight of 12.9 kg were divided into three equal groups as uniformly as possible with regard to age, sex and body weight. The three groups of piglets were maintained on three rations with 16 per cent crude protein but differing in their energy content, viz., 2800 kcal (Tl), 3000 kcal (T2) and 3200 kcal (T3) of digestible energy (DE) per kg.The average daily gains recorded for the three groups Tl, T2 and T3 were 262.9, 302.0 and 362.8 g respectively. The cumulative feed conversion efficiencies were 6.0, 5.2 and 4.1 for the groups Tl, T2 and T3 respectively. The values recorded for T3 were higher (P<0.01) than those for Tl and T2. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients except that of crude fibre and crude protein were found to improve with increase in the energy content of the rations. Study of the carcass traits revealed that the body weight at slaughter and dressed weight without head improved as the energy content of the rationsincreased. However, dressing percentage, carcass length and back fat thickness were not significantly influenced by the energy content of the ration. The cost of feed per kg weight gain of animals was significantly lower (P<0.01) for the dietary treatment T3 compared to that of T2 and Tl, the values being Rs.49.90, 43.30 and 34.10 for Tl, T2 and T3 respectively. The above results indicate that crossbred pigs require 3200 kcal of DE/kg of the ration for better growth performance provided the crude protein level is maintained at 16 per cent.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ABNORMALITIES IN CARDIAC DISORDERS OF DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2001) RAVINDRAN. P.; S. Ajithkumar
    In the present study, standard electrocardiogram patterns were worked out from sixty normal dogs. These dogs were grouped according to age groups like dogs below one year and above one year and different breeds like German Shepherd, Dobermann pmscher. Dachshund, Spitz and Mongrel. Based on the clinical signs and electrocardiogram abnormalities, thirteen dogs were grouped into (1) dogs with congestive heart failure, (2) dogs withventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia and (3) dogs with electolyte imbalance due to renal disease. Congestive heart failure was found to be more m geriatric small breeds like Dachshund and Spitz. Theclinical signs observed in dogs with CHF were anorexia, cough, exertional dyspnoea, exercise intolerance, orthopnoea, crackles, murmurs, syncope, cachexia and ascites. Clinical signs exhibited by the dogs with ventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia were anorexia, pale visible mucous membranes, weakness and respiratory distress. Dogs with electrolyte imbalance due to renal disease exhibited anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, malena, polydipsia, oliguria and anuria.The electrocardiographic signs exhibited by dogs with congestive heart failure were consistent with left atrial enlargement, left and right ventricular enlargement, ventricular tachycardia and right bundle branch block. Dogs m group II had right and left ventricular enlargement as major electrocardiogram abnormality. Dogs in group III with renal disease exhibited tall and peaked T wave and prolonged 'Q-T- interval m electrocardiogram specifically on the chest leads. The prominent radiographic signs observed in dogs with CHF in the present study were left atrial enlargement, left and right ventricular enlargement and tracheal elevation. Dogs in group II showed left ventricular enlargement, pericardial effusion and tracheal elevation. Group III animals had noradiographic signs of cardiac enlargement. Ultrasonographic evidence of cardiac involvement were present m three dogs, two with CHF and one with ventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia. The findings of postmortem examination of the heart m one dog with CHF were suggestive of mitral valvular insufficiency. Haematology showed no variations m dogs with CHF. Group II and III animals exhibited anaemia evidenced by haematological changes like low TEC, Hb and PCV. Group III animals had neutrophilia with lymphopenia. Group III also had microcytic anaemia.Serum values of CK and ALT were normal in all the three groups. Dogs with CHF showed elevated sodium level while group III with renal disease showed elevated potassium level. Group 11 animals had hypoprotemaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Group HI animals revealed severe hypoalbuminaemia, low albumin: globulin ratio and elevated serum creatinine
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HEPATO - RENAL PATHOLOGY IN CANINES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2001) R. LAKSHMI.; Koshy Varghese
    The present investigation was undertaken to assess the prevalence and pathology of the liver and kidney disorders in canines. The results of the present investigation and the evaluation of data from the records revealed a high incidence of liver (76 per cent) and kidney (85 per cent) disorders. A detailed systematic examination of one hundred cases of canine carcasses brought for autopsy during the period of investigation was conducted and the gross and histopathological lesions were studied in detail and were classified based on age, sex and breed.Vascular and degenerative changes were the predominant lesions in these organs. The other lesions recorded in the liver were necrosis (15 cases), hepatitis (19 cases), fibrosis (9 cases) and cirrhosis (2 cases). One case each of cholangiocarcinoma, hepatic cyst and adhesion of diaphragm and the liver was encountered in the present study. Among kidney disorders, glomerular lesions were predominant next to vascular and degenerative changes. A total of 59 cases had some lesions in the glomeruli of which, 32 had glomerulonephritis. PGN was the predominant type ofglomerulonephritis. Males had a higher predilection for ii PGN and it was coinmon in animals less than three years of age. MN and MPGN were common in animals more than three years of age. The high incidence of glomerular lesions and their possible causes were discussed. Tubulo-interstitial nephritis was observed in 16 cases. Interstitial nephritis was common in males while bothcases of pyelonephritis were seen in females. Acute interstitial nephritis was seen in animals less than five years of age while all cases of chronic interstitial nephritis was seen in animals more than five years of age. Bacterial isolations were obtained in the liver or kidney or both in only 14 cases. Viral etiology was suspected in two cases where intranuclear inclusionswere seen in the hepatocytes and the glomerular epithelium. The high incidence of vascular lesions without any evidence for infectious etiology in rest of the animals suggested the involvement of some toxic factors. The importance of identifying the specific etiology in these suspected cases of toxic conditions and the need and scope for further studies in these lines were highlighted.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFICACY OF ARGYROPHILIC NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGION COUNT TEST FOR in vivo BIOMATERIAL EVALUATION
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) UMASHANKAR, P. R.; DIVAKARAN NAIR, n.
    The efficacy of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (AgNOR) Count Test in the evaluation of biomaterial was assessed in this study utilising a reactive (medium chromic catgut) and a non-reactive (polypropylene) material. The materials were implanted into rat gluteus muscle for a duration of seven and 14 days and sham surgery done on a separate group of animals served as the control. The tissue responses such as inflammation, muscle degeneration and peri-implant scar thickness around the reactive and non-reactive implant and the controls at seven and 14 days were studied using H&E and special stains for collagen. Besides this the estimation of collagen of the reactive and non-reactive material implanted tissue was studied. The observations made in this were compared with the fibroblast proliferation response at the respective durations as assessed by the AgNOR count estimation. On histopathological evaluation, the reactive material showed an initial acute inflammatory response with mild fibrosis and collagen deposition which subsequently settled into a chronic form with severe fibrosis and more collagen deposition at the end of 14 days. Non-reactive material elicited an acute inflammation initially (seven days post implantation) which settled into a mild chronic response at 14 days post implantation. Mild fibrosis and less collagen deposition were noticed in the peri-implant area at both the duration. Observations on fibroblast proliferation as assessed by AgNOR count test well correlated to the above findings. The AgNOR counts observed with reactive material at seven days and 14 days were 1.97 ± 0.03 and 2.23 ± 0.02 respectively. The counts for non-reactive material were 1.81 ± 0.01 and 1.67 ± 0.02 at seven and 14 days post implantation respectively. The collagen content of the reactive and non-reactive implanted tissue did not reveal any statistically significant difference as compared with the respective control. From this investigation it was proved that AgNOR count test could be reliably applied for biomaterial evaluation even at seven days duration and it formed a valuable adjunct to the routine method employed in the in vivo evaluation of biomaterials.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS ON ETIO-PATHOLOGY OF VOMITING IN DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) MURALY, P.; . Baby, P.G
    The study "INVESTIGATIONS ON ETIO-PATHOLOGY OF Vomiting in Dogs" was conducted in 20 dogs to evaluate ultrasonography and radiography as diagnostic tools in vomiting dogs; to assess hydration status, electrolyte and acid-base balance in vomiting dogs and to correlate clinico-pathologic findings with radiographic and ultrasonographic changes. Various parameters such as history, physical examination, hydration status, ultrasonography, radiography-plain and contrast, haematology, serum biochemistry, and wherever possible histopathology were studied. Most of the dogs under study had bile stained watery vomitus but dogs with pyloric stenosis had frothy or watery white vomitus. The frequency of vomiting in dogs with gastritis and gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction was two to seven times per day, it was variable in dogs with hepatic and renal disorders, but was associated with food intake in dogs with pyloric stenosis. Physical examination was found useful in dogs with GI obstruction, while it was non-specific in dogs with gastritis and renal disorders. Capillary refill time (CRT) and degree of sunken eye balls were helpful to assess dehydration. Estimation of volume of packed red cells (VPRC) was found beneficial to assess dehydration unless the dogs are anemic. Ultrasonography could not identify any lesions in dogs with gastritis, but was useful to detect GI obstructions due to pyloric stenosis, intussusception and foreign body and to characterise lesions in the parenchymal organs like liver and kidney. While plain radiographs could give indication to possible non-radiopaque GI obstructions, contrast radiography was required to confirm. Radiography could not identify any lesions in dogs with gastritis, hepatic and chronic intestitial nephritis. Hypokalemia with metabolic alkalosis was the significant electrolyte and acid-base derangement in dogs with vomiting due to gastritis and GI obstructions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF BOAR SEMEN EXTENDED IN BELT'S VILLE THAW SOLUTION
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) Kantharaj., S.; Athman, K.V.
    An experiment was conducted to study the effect of natural service and artificial insemination on reproductive performance of pigs and to assess the fertility and preservability of boar semen extended in Belt's ville thaw solution. Twenty-four Large White Yorkshire (LWY) gilts, twenty-four sows and six LWY boars were selected for the study. Out of six boars, three boars were used for natural service and the other three maintained for artificial insemination purpose. A total of 52 ejaculates were collected from boars maintained for artificial insemination purpose at weekly intervals by the gloved hand technique. Among these boars, no significant differences were found for most of the semen characteristics except proximal and distal protoplasmic droplets, which were significantly different between boars (P<0.05). Negative correlation between total volume of ejaculate and sperm concentration was observed. No significant correlation between total sperm abnormalities and live sperm count could be detected. Twenty ejaculates from these boars were used for preservation studies. No significant variation in the preservability of spermatozoa could be detected between boars, whereas, there was a highly significant difference (p<0.01) in the preservability of spermatozoa between hours of preservation. Twelve LWY gilts and twelve sows (Group-I) and three boars were used for natural service. Each gilt and sow was mated twice during the oestrus. Twelve gilts and twelve sows (Group-II) were artificially inseminated twice during the oestrus with the semen diluted in BTS. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the duration of oestrus between gilts and sows. There was a marginal difference in the conception rates between naturally served and artificially inseminated gilts and sows. The farrowing rate was 100 per cent for both naturally served and artificially inseminated gilts and sows. There was a significant difference in the gestation length between artificially inseminated gilts and sows. There was a significant variation in the litter size between naturally served and artificially inseminated gilts and sows. It can be concluded from the study that artificial insemination in pigs could well be performed under commercial farming conditions for effective disease control and increased productivity.