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20183
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Subject: Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ECONOMICS OF COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKEN PRODUCTION IN MALAPPURAM DISTRICT OF KERALA
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2018) SANTOSHKUMAR; T.S. Rajeev
    The study was conducted among the broiler chicken farmers engaged in non-contract and contract broiler farming. The locale of study was Malappuram district based on its comparative higher production of the broiler chicken than any other district in Kerala and the samples were selected randomly from the Tanur and Perinthalmanna block panchayaths. Thirty farming units each from those engaged in contract and non-contract farming systems were selected randomly from the two blocks (15 each). The data has been collected through personal interview method using a structured pretested interview schedule. Most of the respondents from both farming systems were Upper middle (forty to fifty years) and old aged (above fifty years)with more than ninety three per cent males. More than half of them in both categories completed education upto matriculation with experience of less than five years. Majority of them opted broiler farming as a secondary occupation with less than one fifth had training in this vocation. Most of the respondents from non-contract farming were satisfied with the marketing support offered by various agencies, except for live weight broiler chicken price, whereas incentives and price offered per kilo gram live weight was less satisfying in contract farmers. Private agencies and poultry farmers associations were the most satisfying organizations to offer the organizational support in both farming systems. On detailed analysis of the economics of commercial broiler chicken production among the non-contract and contract farmers, the total cost of production in noncontract farming system was seen as highest on small farms (< 2040 birds) with Rs.72.71followed by medium (< 2040-4420 birds) with Rs.71.00and large farms (>4420) with Rs69.46 per Kg live weight. The gross return enjoyed per kg live was almost same with an average ofRs.78.59 irrespective of the farm size based on the average broiler live weight rate per year and the net return per kg live weight was more in large farms. Majority of the farmers in both systems were landless with annual income below Rs.1,30,000in non-contract farming and between Rs.1,30,000 to Rs.2,30,000 in contract system. In the case of contract farming system, the total cost of production per kilogram live weight was less in large farms while the net return was more in this category of farms. Livability per cent, feed conversion ratio, broiler performance efficiency factor, broiler farm economy index, margin of safety and benefit cost ratio were 97.18 and 96.65 per cent, 1.674 and 1.682, 128.33 and 127.72, 2.97 and 2.94, 10.29 and 22.08 per cent, 1.11 and 1.28 among non-contract and contract farming system respectively. The Analysis of the existing practices in noncontract and contract broiler farming revealed that almost all were owned the farm by themselves who followed the deep litter system engaging temporary labours as and when required for performing routine activities and majority of them following all-in-all-out system of management. Majority of the respondents opted three times vaccination per batch and pit disposal method for disposal of dead birds in both systems. Majority of the non-contract and contract farmers preferred to use their personal savings as capital investment on broiler production and also felt that the broiler farming business has slightly declined in last twelve to twenty four months. The high cost of chicks, high cost of feed, high cost of litter and lower capital were the production constraints while high fluctuation of meat price and seasonal fluctuation in demand were the important marketing constraints faced by non-contract broiler farmers. Similarly in case of contract farming systems high litter cost and competition for contract farming were the major production constraints while seasonal fluctuation in demand for broiler meat and threat of discontinuing contract agreement were the major marketing constraints experienced by farmers involved in contract farming
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF BUFFALO REARING AMONG THE FARM HOUSEHOLDS OF THRISSUR KOLE LANDS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2018) SRUTHY K. MOHAN; Reeja George P.
    A descriptive analysis of buffalo rearing in the Thrissur kole was undertaken to assess the adoption of scientific buffalo rearing practices, identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the system, map buffalo product value chains and identify value chain actors and their functions. Snowball sampling was used to select fifty buffalo keepers each from North and South koles. Data were collected using a pretested interview schedule and direct observation with unstructured interviews. Over sixty per cent of milch buffalo keepers in both the koles were above 50 years of age and more than eighty per cent were male. Educational levels of buffalo keepers of both koles were generally on the lower side and except for the North kole meat buffalo keepers, majority of the buffalo keepers in both koles had more than ten years of experience. Meat based units of the North kole were larger with an average of seven total livestock units and the units on the South kole were the smallest with just over two total livestock units. Over thirty-six per cent milch buffalo keepers in both koles were high adopters of scientific milch rearing practices. However, ligation of navel cord and aseptic measures and practices related to summer management of milch buffaloes were poorly adopted. The half yearly state government sponsored vaccination programme against Food and Mouth Disease was well received with adoption by over three-fourth of milch buffalo keepers in both koles. Majority of meat buffalo keepers in both koles were high adopters of meat buffalo rearing practices. None of the meat buffalo keepers of North kole had adopted vaccination of calves at four months of age. Strengths of this system included the higher adaptability and disease resistance of the animal while lack of trainings on scientific buffalo rearing practices was an important weakness. The high price for buffalo products was a significant opportunity. Significant threats included the lack of policy measures to contain the disproportionate increase in feed cost as well as the lack of government schemes to promote buffalo farming and significant pollution of the water bodies. Producers, petty traders, commission agents, traders, interstate traders, butchers and consumers were the main actors on the value chains. Commission agents were involved at every point of transaction right from the farm gate. Possible measures to organise farmers into co-operative marketing units or suitable strategies for government initiated direct farm gate pick up of animals could prove to be instrumental in sustaining this venture as an income generating vocation for buffalo keepers of the Thrissur kole lands.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EMPOWERMENT AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION AMONG LIVESTOCK BASED WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS (KUDUMBASHREE) IN WAYANAD DISTRICT
    (Kerala Veterinary and animal science university, Pookode, 2018-01-08) Savale, Siddhartha; Senthilkumar, R
    The present study on empowerment and employment generation among livestock based women self-help groups in Wayanad district was undertaken among Ksheerasagaram, Adugramam and Kozhikoottam beneficiaries of Kudumbashree organisation. The objectives were to study different dimensions of the empowerment of Livestock based women self-help groups (LWSHG) members, measure the employment generated by various livestock activities among the LWSHG members and study the constraints encountered by the LWSHG members. The personal profile of beneficiaries under Ksheerasagaram, Adugramam and Kozhikoottam revealed that a majority of them were of middle age with education of primary and secondary level. Most of them had agriculture as primary occupation and animal husbandry as secondary occupation with more than ten years of experience in respective animal husbandry activities. Further, socio-economic profile analysis revealed that most of the beneficiaries were belonging to nuclear family with family size of three to four members. Majority of the beneficiaries in Ksheerasagaram and Adugramam were Hindus where as in Kozhikoottam most of the beneficiaries were Muslims. Majority of the beneficiaries belonged to general caste. Annual income of beneficiaries after joining SHG has shown increase when compared to income before joining SHG. Most of them were having land of below one acre with well irrigation. Livestock possession analysis revealed that majority of beneficiaries in Ksheerasagaram were having one to two cattle, in Adugramam three to four goats and in Kozhikoottam 15 to 20 birds. Majority of Ksheerasagaram beneficiaries marketed milk to cooperative societies and the beneficiaries relied heavily on the local merchants for marketing of male calves, unproductive cattle and goats. Majority of beneficiaries under Kozhikoottam were using eggs and chicken for household purpose. Most of the groups in all three livestock activities were composed of five members. Beneficiaries of both Ksheerasagaram and Adugramam had very low extension agency contact, beneficiaries had less extension agency contact and Kozhikoottam beneficiaries had high extension agency contact. With regard to information source utilization both Ksheerasagaram and Adugramam beneficiaries utilized less information sources and Kozhikoottam beneficiaries utilized more information source. While majority of beneficiaries under Ksheerasagaram and Adugramam had attended more than one training, the Kozhikoottam beneficiaries attended only one training. Members under these three livestock activities were not having membership in other animal husbandry or agricultural organisations. The study further explored the attitude of beneficiaries towards animal husbandry and revealed that the beneficiaries in all three livestock activities had neither extreme unfavourable nor too much favourable attitude towards respective animal husbandry practices. Exploration on knowledge level also indicated that the beneficiaries were distributed almost evenly among categories of knowledge possession from very low to very high. Empowerment of beneficiaries revealed that majority of beneficiaries under Ksheerasagaram and Kozhikoottam were highly empowered whereas Adugramam beneficiaries’ empowerment level was comparatively low. Due to its time consuming activities employment generation was higher in Ksheerasagaram when compared to Adugramam and Kozhikoottam. Constraints faced by SHG members were studied and some of the most important constraints for Ksheerasagaram were difficulty in procurement of green fodder, higher cost of compound feed and medicines, etc., The Kozhikoottam beneficiaries reported mortality of birds, frequent disease outbreaks, lack of knowledge on vaccination, etc. as constraints and kids mortality during kidding, lack of knowledge on scientific goat faming, marketing, etc. were reported by Adugramam beneficiaries.