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2000 - 20025
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Subject: Animal Reproduction and Gynecology × End date: 2003 × Start date: 2000 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN - PREGNANT MARE SERUM GONADOTROPIN (PMSG) COMBINATION FOR ENHANCING PROLIFICACY IN MALABARI GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2002) P. SENTHILKUMAR; P. P. Balakrishnan
    The object of present investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of prostaglandin-PMSG combination treatment at different dose levels in order to enhance the fertility and prolificacy of Malabari does. The material used for the study consisted of 48 cycling nulliparous Malabari does of eight to ten months age and body weight 18 to 20 kg, belonging to Kerala Agricultural University Goat farm, Mannuthy. All the experimental does were administered with two doses of cloprostenol (SYNCHROMATE) at the rate of 0.5ml intramuscularly 11 days apart. One day prior to the second prostaglandin administration the does were randomly divided into four groups viz. Group I, II, III and IV with 12 in each group. On the same day group I, II and III were administered PMSG (FOLLIGON) intramuscularly at the rate of 200, 400 and 600 lU respectively. Group IV was maintained as control with the prostaglandin treatment alone. After the second dose of prostaglandin all does in group I, II and III (100%) showed oestrus and in group IV only II does (91.67%) exhibited oestrus. The mean time taken for onset of oestrus in group I, II, III and IV was 28.00±2.70, 30.00±4.3I, 24.00, 43.64±4.36 h respectively. Group IV was significantly different from prostaglandin-PMSG group I, II and III (P < 0.01). The mean duration of oestrus in group I, II, III and IV was 84.00±6.94, 64.00±7.44, 86.00±752 and 34.91 ±4.97 h respectively. Group IV was significantly different from group I, II and 111 (P < 0.01).Mean intensity oestrus score was 11.50±0.49, 12.25±0.33, 14.25±0.72 and 8.82±1.59 respectively in group I, II, III and IV. Group IV was statistically significant from group I, II and III (P < 0.01). All prostaglandin-PMSG treated does exhibited common oestrus signs like wagging of tail, standing to be mounted, vulval redness, vulval oedema and vulval discharge whereas in control group only wagging of tail, vulval redness and vulval oedema noticed.The percentage of conception rate in group I, II, III and IV was 41.67, 50.00, 33.33 and 45.45 respectively. In prostaglandin-PMSG groups I, II and III mean litter size was 1.60±0.25, 1.5010.43 and 1.50+0.65 respectively but in group IV the same was 1.2010.20. There was no significant difference between the groups in litter size. However, more litter size with twins and triplets was noticed in prostaglandin- PMSG groups than the control group. Ingroup I, II and III mean birth weight was 1.4510.14, 1.2410.13 and 1.2710.18 kg respectively whereas in group IV it was 1.6210.24 kg. There was no significant difference among the groups with respect to the birth weight of kids. The percentage of preweaning mortality of kids in group I, II, III and IV was 50.00, 44.44, 50.00 and 33.33 respectively. The causes of preweaning mortality were pneumonia, enteritis and other etiological factors such as sudden death of weak born kids. Analysis of the results of present investigation indicatedthat prostaglandin double dose combined with PMSG at low dose regimen of 200 lU treatment can be used for enhancing the litter size without affecting thereproductive efficiency of nulliparous young does. For enhancing the litter size of goat, though requires further detailed investigation, it appears to offer a clear indication on the possibility of hormonally modulated for enhancement of litter size among goats. This might find in potential commercial application in intensive goat production system
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF BOAR SEMEN EXTENDED IN BELT'S VILLE THAW SOLUTION
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) Kantharaj., S.; Athman, K.V.
    An experiment was conducted to study the effect of natural service and artificial insemination on reproductive performance of pigs and to assess the fertility and preservability of boar semen extended in Belt's ville thaw solution. Twenty-four Large White Yorkshire (LWY) gilts, twenty-four sows and six LWY boars were selected for the study. Out of six boars, three boars were used for natural service and the other three maintained for artificial insemination purpose. A total of 52 ejaculates were collected from boars maintained for artificial insemination purpose at weekly intervals by the gloved hand technique. Among these boars, no significant differences were found for most of the semen characteristics except proximal and distal protoplasmic droplets, which were significantly different between boars (P<0.05). Negative correlation between total volume of ejaculate and sperm concentration was observed. No significant correlation between total sperm abnormalities and live sperm count could be detected. Twenty ejaculates from these boars were used for preservation studies. No significant variation in the preservability of spermatozoa could be detected between boars, whereas, there was a highly significant difference (p<0.01) in the preservability of spermatozoa between hours of preservation. Twelve LWY gilts and twelve sows (Group-I) and three boars were used for natural service. Each gilt and sow was mated twice during the oestrus. Twelve gilts and twelve sows (Group-II) were artificially inseminated twice during the oestrus with the semen diluted in BTS. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the duration of oestrus between gilts and sows. There was a marginal difference in the conception rates between naturally served and artificially inseminated gilts and sows. The farrowing rate was 100 per cent for both naturally served and artificially inseminated gilts and sows. There was a significant difference in the gestation length between artificially inseminated gilts and sows. There was a significant variation in the litter size between naturally served and artificially inseminated gilts and sows. It can be concluded from the study that artificial insemination in pigs could well be performed under commercial farming conditions for effective disease control and increased productivity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF NORGESTAMET AND PROSTAGLANDINF^LPHA IN CROSSBRED HEIFERS FOR AUGMENTING FERTILITY
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) GOPIKRISHNAN., f.; VAHlDA, A. M.
    With the objective of studying the effect of norgestamet-oestradiol and PGF7a treatment on oestrus synchronisation and to enhance the fertility rate in crossbred heifers at fixed time double insemination, forty-five cycling heifers, selected from Kerala Agricultural University Livestock Farms, were randomly allotted to three treatment groups, Group 1,11 and III. Fifteen heifers of Group I were given 3 mg norgestamet implant kept in situ for nine days and an injection containing a combination of 3 mg norgestamet and 5 mg oestradiol valerate on the day of insertion of implant. While the fifteen heifers of Group II were given double dose regimen of 15 mg PGF2CX (luprostiol) at 11 days apart. Group III consisted of fifteen heifers that were kept as control. In both Groups I and II, 14 heifers (93.33 per cent) each responded to the treatments. The time taken for the induction of oestrus in the Group I was 50.1 ± 4.58 hours as against 69.50 ± 1.34 hours in the Group II. There was significant difference on the time of induction of oestrus between Group I and Group II. The duration of oestrus in the Group I was 27.8 ± 1.09 hours, as against 28 ± 1.07 and 19 ± 0.33 hours respectively in Group II and Group III. Though analysis of variance showed no significant difference between Group I and Group 11, pairwise comparison showed no significant difference between Group I and Group II. A higher percentage of heifers in Group I and II showed medium to high intensity of oestrus than Group III. The cervicovaginal mucus examination revealed an increase in typical fern pattern in Group 1 and II than Group III. The first, second and third service pregnancy rate in Group I were 21.42. 28.57 and 14.28 per cent respectively at fixed time artificial insemination, 48 and 72 hours after the removal of the implant, as against 42.86, 21.43 and 14.28 per cent at fixed time artificial insemination, 72 and 96 hour after the second injection or PGF^a in Group 11. In Group III heifers 20 per cent each required one and three inseminations and 13.44 per cent required two inseminations to effect pregnancy. The overall pregnancy rate obtained for Group 1, II and III were 64.27, 78.57 and 53.33 per cent respectively. The AI indices for Group I and II were 1.7_ and 1.63 as against 2.13 of Group III. The present study reveals that though norgestamet oestradiol and PGF.a could be effectively used for synchronisation of oestrus, use of PGF2a is the better alternative for augmenting fertility m crossbred heifers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FREEZING RATES ON CANINE SPERMATOZOA
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2000-12) GEETHA, R.; Sreekumaran, T
    The obiective of the study was to find out the effect of different freezing rates on post thaw motility, livability and acrosomal damage of dog spermatozoa. A total of 36 ejaculates of good quality collected from six Dachshund dogs by digital manipulation were processed for freezing in Tris citric acid fructose egg yolk diluent containing four per cent glycerol. The processed semen samples were subjected to three different freezing protocols such as 4cm height above the liquid nitrogen level for 10 minutes (Fast freezing), 8cm for 15 minutes (Moderate freezing) and 12cm for 20 minutes (Slow freezing). The mean volume of sperm rich fractions was 0.68±0.03ml. The colour and consistency of sperm rich fractions were thin milky. The mean density of sperm rich fraction was DD(D) and mean pH was 6.63±0.02. The mean concentration of sperm rich fraction was 221 ±7.36 millions per ml and the average initial motility was found to be 75±0.93 per cent. The mean percentage of live sperm count, sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damage of spermatozoa was 81.17±0.73, 5.23±0.29 and 2.32±0.25 respectively. Significant (P<0.05) variation in livability, sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damage of spermatozoa was found between dogs. The average percentage of motility, live sperm count, sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damage of spermatozoa was 70.41±1.22, 75.63±0.65, 7.28±0.43 and 5.34±0.31 after dilution, 58.75±1.34, 63.60±0.89, 10.04±0.32 and 10.13±0.41 after chilling and 47.78±1.59, 50.65±1.31, 11.79±0.36 and 16.20±0.57 after equilibration period respectively. There was significant (P<0.01) reduction in sperm motility and livability and increase in sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damage of spermatozoa after dilution, chilling and equilibration period. Significant (P<0.01) difference was found between dogs for the above parameters. The percentage of post thaw motility of spermatozoa was significantly (P<0.01) higher in fast freezing rate (34.31±1.66) when compared to moderate (25.83±1.66) and slow (24.44±1.27) freezing rates. There was significantly (P<0.01) higher percentage of live sperms and lower percentage of sperm abnormalities in fast freezing rate than in moderate and slow freezing rates. Eventhough the percentage of acrosomal damage was not statistically significant among fast, moderate and slow freezing rates, lower percentage of acrosomal damage was recorded in fast freezing rate. From this study it could be inferred that fast freezing in which the straws were frozen at to 4cm height above the liquid nitrogen level for 10 minutes was superior to moderate (8cm for 15 minutes) and slow (12 cm for 20 minutes) freezing rates.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MORPHOLOGY AND VIABILITY OF BOVINE EMBRYOS FROZEN IN MEDIA CONTAINING BSA AND PROPANEDIOL
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2000-10) RAMACHANDRAN, K.; . Suresan Nair, S.P
    The observation of the study was to compare the effect of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and 1,2 Propanediol on the morphology and viability of bovine embryos frozen under two freezing and thawing protocols, A total of sixteen crossbred cows, kept under identical conditions, maintained in the Network Project on Embryo Transfer attached to the Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Vetennary and Animal Sciences, Thrissur. The animals were superovulated by Folltropm-V and Prosolvm, starting on the day 11 of the cycle. Of the 16 cows superovxilated 13 showed good response. While two cows did not show any response, there were multiple follicles in both the ovanes without any evidence of ovulation in the third animal. A total of 85 (76 transferable and 9 non transferable) embryos were recovered from a total of 24 flushings from 13 cows, non-surgically on day 7. A total of 56 embryos (mean 3.50 ± 0.822) were recovered m the first treatment, from 13 flushings. In one cow, though, there was 80 per cent flushing, no embryos could be recovered. While 22 embryos (mean 2.75 ± 0.861) were recovered m the second treatment from 8 flushings, only 7 (mean 1.4 ± 0.4) embryos were recovered in the third treatment, from 5 flushings. A total of 72 transferable (60 morulae and 12 blastocysts) were sleeted for the freezing tnals. The embryos were divided into three groups with 24 (20 morulae and 4 blastocysts) embryos and assigned to three media. The first medium was FBS with !0 per cent glycerol, second PBS containing 10 per cent glycerol and 1 per cent BSA; the third medium was with a composition of 10% glycerol and 20% 1,2 propanediol in PBS. Two freezing protocols were used for freezing of the embryos. In the first protocol, with 12 embryos (10 morulae and 2 blastocysts), the initial cooling was at a rate of 1 °C/min from room temperature to -6°C and then at a rate of 0.3°C/min to -35°C, while in the second protocol the initial rate of cooling was at 5°C/mm to -7°C and then at 0.3°C/mm to -30°C before transferring to liquid nitrogen. Thawing was earned out at 37°C for 20 sec after 30 days of preservation. Cryoprotectants were removed by two methods, a four step-wise using decreasing concentrations of cryoprotectants m the first method and one step using 1M sucrose phosphate buffered saline in the second. Thirty four embryos (26 morulae and 8 blastocysts) found normal after freezing and thawing were subjected to culture for 24 h in PBS enriched with 4 per cent BSA at 37°C and 5 per cent CO2 tension. Sixteen embryos (13 morulae and 3 blastocysts) were transferred to 15 recipient cows. While one cow was confirmed pregnant on examination 60 days after transfer, eleven cows returned to heat subsequently, two cows came to oestrus on days 34 and 35 respectively, after the transfer. The third showed oestrum on 45*'' day of transfer. The glucose, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase values showed a normal range of 86.2 to 195.2 mg/100 ml; 14.17 KA to 22.3 KA and 119.02 to 129.00 KA (mean 128.075 ± 9.019, 18.675 ± 0.667 and 122.67 ± 0.788) respectively in the lummal fluid of the recipient animals. The average serum progesterone levels on day 0, 14 and 28 days after oestrus in 11 cows which showed subsequent heat after the transfer were 0.357 ±2.140, 3.053 ± 0.420 and 2.572 ± 0.627 ng/ml and that of the animals which failed to show oestrum were 0.157 ± 0.166, 3.793 ± 0.406 and 3.867 ± 0.362 ng/ml respectively. While significant difference was seen between the freezing media I and II and II and III respectively on the morphology of embryo after the freezing and thawing, no significant differences were seen between the media I and III, between the freezing protocols and cryoprotectant removal procedures on the morphology of embryos frozen. No significant differences were noticed on the effect of the freezing media, freezing protocols and the cryoprotectant removal procedure after the culture on the morphology of the embryos.