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Author: Kavita × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Transcriptomics studies in bread wheat under terminal heat stress
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-12) Kavita; Mukesh Kumar
    In the present investigation 50 wheat genotypes were sown with two replications in a randomized complete block design (RBD) at the experimental area of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar, during Rabi seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 under normal and late sown conditions. Combined ANOVA showed that all traits had high level of genotypic variations among all the genotypes under both conditions. Highest heritability was shown by days to anthesis under both conditions while high GCV, PCV and genetic advance as percent mean were high for relative stress injury and chlorophyll stability index under normal and late sown conditions, respectively. Biochemical parameters and heat stress indices were used to screen out heat tolerant genotypes. Grain yield per plot exhibited positive and highly significant correlation with membrane stability index, chlorophyll stability index and all yield contributing traits under both conditions. Correlation among heat stress indices exhibited that grain yield per plot under both conditions is positively correlated with stress tolerance index, yield index, mean productivity, geometric mean and harmonic mean. Path analysis showed that harvest index and biological yield per plot had highly positive direct effects on grain yield per plot under both conditions. The principal component analysis for morpho-physiological traits under normal and late sown conditions and heat stress indices depicted that the first four, three and two components reflected more than 78%, 76% and 97% of the total variance, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into 7 and 5 clusters, most divergent clusters were IV and VI, II and V under normal and late sown conditions, respectively. UPGMA cluster tree analysis divided genotypes into two clusters and also confirmed that sufficient variability is present among genotypes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under control and heat stress conditions were identified in both genotypes (WH-730 and WH-1184). These DEGs were utilised to set up a subsequent unigene assembly and GO analysis was done using unigenes to analyze functions of DEGs which classified into three main domains; biological process, cellular component and molecular function. KEGG ontology was used to visualize the physiological processes or to identify KEGG pathways that provide plants their ability to shield in adverse conditions of heat stress. From KEGG ontology it was reported that the gene encoded enzyme (peroxidase) of KEGG pathway was upregulated in WH-730 while downregulated in WH-1184.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Crop residue management options and effects on soil properties and crop productivity under rice - wheat cropping system
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Kavita; Dev Raj
    An experiment on residue management was conducted during Rabi, 2018 at Research Farm KVK, Panipat, CCS Haryana Agricultural University to study the effect of residue management options and fertilizer levels on soil properties and crop productivity under rice wheat cropping system. The experiment was laid out in spilt plot design consisted 4 residue management practices (R1: Residue removal, R2: Residue Burning, R3: Residue Incorporation and R4: Residue Retention ,Direct seeding of wheat with happy seeder into rice stubbles) in main plot and with five fertilizers level (F1: Control, F2: 100% N + 50% RD of P&K, F3: 100% N + 75% RD of P&K and F4: 100% N+75% RD of P&K+ Waste decomposer and F5:100% of RDF) in sub-plot. N and P mineralisation were highest at 25 and 55 DAS, respectively, values decline thereafter for both during first year whereas during second year value again increase at 115 DAS. MBC and enzymes values were also reported higher at 55 DAS during both the years. Urease and alkaline phosphatase followed same trend as mineralisation during both the year, however MBC and dehydrogenase followed the different trend during 2019-20. Burning of rice residue decreased the MBC, dehydrogenase and urease activity, however alkaline phosphatase activity increased after burning. The available N.P and K content in soil after rice harvest varied from 115 to 129 and 113 to 134, 24.6 to 44.2 and 25.2 to 48.2 and 175 to 193 and 176 to 196 kg ha-1, respectively among different treatment combination during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Available nutrient status in soil followed the order retention> incorporation> burning> removal under residue management and 100% RDF>100% N+75% RD of P&K> 100% N + 75% RD of P&K> 100% N + 50% RD of P&K> control in case of fertilizer level except for the Fe (higher under control) during both years. Higher value of TOC (0.800 and 0.814 %) and SOC (0.680 and 0.694 %) was reported with the retention treatment while mean value of MBC (350 and 379 mg/kg) and DOC (418 and 540 mg/kg) recorded higher under incorporation during both the year. Organic carbon fraction followed the order: recalcitrant > less labile> very labile> labile during both years. Lower value of bulk density and higher value of water holding capacity recorded with R4 treatment. Germination index was reported higher under removal and lowest value recorded with retention during both the year. The highest grain and straw yield of wheat was recoded with removal and 100% RDF during 2018-19 and retention and 100% RDF during 2019-20. Grain and straw yield of rice grown after wheat in the same plot follows the order: incorporation>retention>burning>removal.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enhancing water use efficiency of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) through the use of smart agrochemicals
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Kavita; Amarjeet
    The present investigation entitled “Enhancing water use efficiency of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) through the use of smart agrochemicals” was carried out at Regional Research Station, Bawal, Rewari of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) during Rabi 2019-20. The objectives of the investigation were to study the effect of smart agrochemicals on growth, yield and water use efficiency of barley under different irrigation regimes and to work out economics of different treatments. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fourth most important cereal crop in world following wheat, rice and maize. The experiment was carried on barley variety BH 393 in split plot design with three levels of irrigation in main plot and six treatments of smart agrochemicals in sub-plots and replicated thrice. The main plot treatments were no irrigation (I0), one irrigation at tillering (I1) and two irrigation at tillering and heading stage (I2) and; treatments used in subplot were control (T1), seed treatment with Tragacanth katira @ 100 g kg-1 seed (T2), soil application of Tragacanth katira @ 5 kg ha-1 (T3), foliar spray of salicylic acid (SA) @ 200 ppm at booting and grain formation stage (T4), combination of Tragacanth katira @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of SA @ 200 ppm at booting and grain formation stage (T5) and; foliar spray of KNO3 @ 1% at booting and grain formation stage (T6). Results of the experiment revealed that among irrigation levels, one (I1) and two irrigation (I2) and among smart agrochemicals, spray of salicylic acid (T4), potassium nitrate (T6) and combination of Tragacanth katira and salicylic acid (T5) significantly improved growth, physiological, phonological and; quality parameters, yield attributes, yield, economics and water use of crop. I2 (two irrigation) among irrigation levels and T5 (combination of Tragacanth katira @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of SA @ 200 ppm at booting and grain formation) treatment among smart agrochemicals were found most productive (17.17 and 21.8% higher over control, respectively) and economical (net returns-: ₹ 47379 and 48295 ha-1), respectively. Highest water use efficiency i.e., (22.92 and 20.29 kg ha-1mm-1) was achieved with no irrigation (I0) and combination of Tragacanth katira and salicylic acid (T5) among irrigation levels and smart agrochemicals, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Exploring genetic variation for morphological and biochemical traits in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Kavita; Ramesh Kumar
    In present investigation, 50 pearl millet genotypes were evaluated in randomized block design with two replications at experimental field of Bajra section, CCS HAU, Hisar during kharif (Rainy) 2020. Analysis of variance showed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the characters studied, indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability. Higher estimates of PCV than corresponding GCV, thereby, revealing that there is slight influence of environment on different traits. Estimates of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of mean were high for the traits viz., grain Ca content, grain yield/plant, dry fodder yield/plant, number of productive tillers/plant, grain Mg content revealed importance of additive gene action and these traits could be exploited through simple recurrent selection procedure. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with dry fodder yield/plant, plant height, 1000-seed weight and panicle length suggests that direct selection of these characters will be effective for improvement of grain yield in future breeding programmes. Grain Ca and Mg content exhibited negative and non-significant correlation coefficient with grain yield/plant indicates that grain minerals can be improved without compromising on grain yield/plant. Higher magnitude of correlation coefficients between Ca and Mg content, suggest that both these traits can be simultaneously improved. The path coefficient analysis showed the maximum positive direct effect on grain yield by dry fodder yield/plant followed by plant height, panicle length, panicle diameter and grain Ca content. Therefore, in order to increase grain yield, effective selection can be accomplished for the characters having high direct effects. The germplasm lines viz., HMC-94-2, GP-69, GP-80, GP-70 and HMC-283 with high grain yield/plant (>30g) along with moderately high grain Ca (>160 mg/kg) and Mg (>1600 mg/kg) content were identified in present study. These high yielding germplasm lines with moderately high level of minerals confirm the possibility of simultaneous improvement of both type of characters in pearl millet.