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Author: Anil Kumar × Start date: 2019 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-09) Anil Kumar; Garhwal, R.S.
    The present investigation „Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice‟ was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different nutrient treatments on soil properties, crop yield and yield attributes, economics of basmati rice. To achieve the above objectives of the present study, a field experiment with direct seeded rice was established at CCS HAU, College of Agriculture, Kaul farm during kharif 2019. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice viz. T1 - Control, T2 - N75 P30 K30, T3 - N37.5P15K15, T4 - Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T5 - N37.5P15K15 + Biogas slurry @ 2 t ha-1, T6 - N37.5P15 K15 + Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T7 - Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1, T8 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, T9 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1 and T10 - Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 + Biogas slurry 2 t ha-1. Grain, straw yield and yield attributes increased markedly where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry integrated with inorganic fertilizers were applied. The highest grain yield (34.20 q ha-1), harvest index (44.21 %) and No. of effective tiller/m2 (250) was observed in T9 whereas highest straw yield (43.79 q ha-1) and plant height (107.40 cm) was observed in T6 which were significantly higher over T1 (33.48 q ha-1 and 100.07 cm respectively). The highest available NPK was observed in treatments when chemical fertilizer along with 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry was applied. The highest contents of available N and P (152.67 and 31.87 kg ha-1, respectively) were observed in T6. Whereas, the content of available K was highest (396.70 kg ha-1) in T9 treatment which were significantly higher over control. The available N, P and K in control amounted to 100, 19.67 and 358.83 kg ha-1 respectively. Lower value of bulk density and higher soil organic carbon content were observed in T6 and T9 (1.28 Mg m-3and 0.63 % respectively) which were significantly different than that recorded in T1 (1.34 Mg m-3and 0.55 % respectively). Soil organic carbon and DTPA extractable micronutrients increased significantly with application of vermocompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. A decrease in soil pH and bulk density was observed in the treatments where vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer was applied. NPK content and uptake in rice increased where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers was applied. Micronutrients content and uptake in rice was increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or with integrated use of inorganic fertilizers. The highest values of microbial biomass carbon, urease, phosphates and dehydrogenase activities were observed in T9 (375.96 μg g-1 soil, 110.93 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 504.33 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1, respectively) which were significantly higher than those recorded in control (326.28 μg g-1 soil, 92.25 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 445.40 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1). Microbial biomass carbon and enzymes activity increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or their integrated use with inorganic fertilizers. Highest benefit cost ratio was observed in T2 (N75P30K30) treatment as compared to treatments where organic manures were added because of increased cost of cultivation due to application of organic manures. However, highest net return was observed in T9 (N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of pearl millet-legume intercropping under rainfed
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Anil Kumar; Sharma, S.K
    A field experiment entitled “Performance of pearl millet–legume intercropping under rainfed conditions” was conducted during Kharif season 2020 at Dryland Agriculture Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments which included three sole crops of pearl millet, mungbean and clusterbean and intercropping of mungbean and clusterbean in replacement (2:2, 4:4 and 6:6 at 45 cm) and additive series (8:4 at 30 cm) was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. During the crop season, 280.8 mm of rainfall was received. The results showed that maximum plant height, dry matter accumulation, total number of tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant, ear head girth, ear head length and test weight of pearl millet at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at harvest were recorded in pearl millet sole at 45 cm (T1) which was closely followed by T10 (pearl millet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm) and T11 (pearl millet + clusterbean (8:4) at 30 cm). However, the highest leaf area index at the 20, 40 and 60 DAS was obtained in pearl millet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T10) and at harvest maximum LAI was obtained from T1 which was at par with T8, T9, T10 and T11. Further, RGR was maximum in T10 as well as T11.. Same scenario was recorded in intercrops also, in which plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches per plant, pods per plant,seeds per pod and seed index were obtained maximum in sole cropping of mungbean and clusterbean.The maximum grain (1409 kg/ha) and stover (2927 kg/ha) yield were recorded with pearl millet sole at 45 cm. The intercropping of pealmillet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T10) was recorded maximum pearl millet equivalent yield (3109 kg/ha). While, maximum grain (704 and 942 kg/ha) and straw (1141 and 2092 kg/ha) yields were recorded under sole mungbean and clusterbean. The land equivalent ratio, monetary advantage index, area time equivalent ratio and total relative crowding coefficient of all intercropping treatments were higher as compared to sole pearl millet and maximum was recorded in T10 amd T11 among various intercrops. From economic point of view, highest net returns and B:C ratio was obtained in pearl millet + clusterbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T10) but statistically followed by pearl millet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T1 1 ) which was superior to sole and all other intercropping treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of seed size and plant spacing on seed production of potato cv. Kufri Khyati
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Anil Kumar; Phor, S.K.
    The experiment entitled “Effect of seed size and plant spacing on seed potato production cultivar Kufri Khyati.” was conducted at Vegetable Seed Production and Research Farm, KVK Sonipat during winter season of the year 2017-18. The experiment comprising of five seed sizes (15-30 g, 31-60 g, 61-90 g, 91-120 g and 121-150 g) and three plant spacing (60x20, 60x30 and 60x40 cm) was laid out in a random block design with three replications keeping net plot size 4.8x3.6 m. Five competitive plants were selected randomly from each experimental treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different seed size and plant spacing. The per cent plant emergence, plant height, number of stems per hill, number of leaves per hill, weight of stems, weight of leaves, number of tubers of up to 25 g, weight of tubers up to 25 g, tuber dry matter content were statistically higher with the seed size 121-150 g and the number of tubers >25-50 g grade, weight of tubers >25-50 g, harvest index, percent seed tuber were maximum with the seed size 61-90 g. However, the value for number of tubers >50-75 g and >75 g grade, weight of tubers >50-75 g and >75 g grade and total tuber yield were maximum with the seed size 91-120 g. Different plant spacing exhibited significant difference growth and yield parameters. The maximum value for plant emergence, plant height, number of tubers up to 25 g, >25-50 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, weight of tubers up to 25 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, tuber dry matter content, percent seed tuber and total tuber yield were maximum with 60x20cm plant spacing. However, number of stems per hill, number of leaves per hill, weight of stems, weight of leaves and harvest index was found maximum with plant spacing 60x40 cm. Significantly highest value was registered for number of stems, number of leaves, weight of stems, weight of leaves, with seed size 121-150 g in combination with spacing of 60x40 cm. Maximum value for number and weight of tubers up to 25 g found with seed size 121-150 g in combination with spacing of 60x40 cm while maximum value for number and weight of tubers >75 g grade, total tuber yield was found with seed size 91-120 g in combination with spacing of 60x20 cm. Significantly maximum value for number of tubers >25-50 g and >50-75 g and weight of tubers >25-50 g and >50-75 g found with seed size 61-90 g in combination with spacing of 60x20 cm. Effect of seed size and plant spacing showed remarkable variation for growth and yield for all the parameters. Kufri Khyati produced highest total tuber yield (358.60 q/ha) when 91-120 g seed tubers were planted at a spacing 60x20 cm which was followed by total tuber yield of 338.61 q/ha with 61-90 g seed size planted at 60x20 cm plant spacing.