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Open Access
Assessment of soil fertility status of district Karnal, Haryana
(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Arya, Manisha; Khokhar, Kiran K.
In order to evaluate soil fertility status of district Karnal, Haryana two hundred and thirty surface soil samples were randomly collected from all the blocks of Karnal using GPS. The results revealed that the pH range of Assandh, Indri, Nilokheri, Karnal and Gharaunda blocks were 6.7-8.7, 7.7-8.9, 7.1-8.7, 7.9-8.9 and 7.3-8.8,respectively, indicating that the soils of all the blocks of Karnal are neutral to alkaline in reaction. The electrical conductivity of the soil of Assandh, Indri, Nilokheri, Karnal and Gharaunda blocks were ranged from 0.09 - 0.68, 0.08 - 0.62, 0.13 - 0.90, 0.10 - 0.67 and 0.09 - 1.34 dS m-1 with a mean value of 0.30, 0.24, 0.40, 0.25 and 0.25 dS m-1 respectively, indicating that most of the samples were non-saline in nature. The OC content in soils of different blocks of Karnal viz.Assandh, Indri, Nilokheri, Karnal and Gharaunda ranged from 0.07-1.12, 0.07-1.03, 0.12-1.12, 0.11-0.82 and 0.10-0.79 % with mean values of 0.60, 0.45, 0.41, 0.42 and 0.54 % respectively. The maximum number of soil samples i.e. 72, 45, 56 and 84% fall under medium category (0.40%-0.75%) in Assandh, Indri, Karnal and Gharaunda block respectively as far as OC content was concerned. The available nitrogen content of the soils ranged from 86.0-249.0 Kg ha-1 in Assandh, 79.4-238.1 Kg ha-1 in Indri, 93.0-200.8 Kg ha-1 in Nilokheri, 110.3-195.84 Kg ha-1 in Karnal and 108.0-200.6 Kg ha-1 in Gharaunda with a mean value of 169.05, 147.44, 150.24, 147.41 and 160.23 Kg ha-1 respectively. All the soil samples were found deficient in available nitrogen content. The phosphorous content of soils ranged from 20.0-68.0 kg ha-1 in Assandh, 9.0-52.2 kg ha-1 in Indri, 9.0-39.80 kg ha-1 in Nilokheri, 8.0 - 38.40 kg ha-1 in Karnal and 14.8-49.8 kg ha-1 in Gharaunda block with a mean value of 33.16, 25.58, 24.19, 21.28 and 27.94 kg ha-1, respectively. 94% samples in Assandh block, 78% of samples in Indri block, 74% of samples in Nilokheri block, 58% of samples in Karnal block and 76 % in Gharaunda block fall under high soil phosphorus content. Six per cent in Assandh block, 21% in Indri block, 23% in Nilokheri block 39% in Karnal block and 24% in Gharaunda block fall under medium soil P rating. The potassium content of the Assandh block varied from 79.5-753.8 kg ha-1with a meanvalue of 337.64 kg ha-1, Indri block varied from 79.5 - 697.3 kg ha-1 with a mean value of 251.82 kg ha-1, Nilokheri block varied from 97.1 - 417.87 kg ha-1 with a mean value of 239.57 kg ha-1, Karnal block varied from 86.3 - 522.2 kg ha-1 with a mean value of 261.75 kg ha-1 and Gharaunda block varied from 70.00-749.00 kg ha-1 with a mean value of 207.89 kg ha-1. The soils of all blocks of Karnal district fall under medium soil potassium range i.e. 46 % in Assandh, 79% in Indri, 77% in Nilokheri, 69% in Karnal and 65% in Gharaunda block. In Assandh block 48% soil samples were in high potassium range. The sulphur content of soil ranged from 19.91-76.23, 16.8-53.9, 16.23-69.37, 22.34-54.96 and 16.8-54.72 kg ha-1 in Assandh, Indri, Nilokheri, Karnal and Gharaunda blocks respectively. The sulphur content of all blocks of Karnal district fall under the medium category i.e. 77, 89, 84 and 87% in Assandh, Indri, Nilokheri and Gharaunda blocks, respectively.
Open Access
Performance of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) as influenced by potassium levels and foliar application of nutrients under irrigated conditions
(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Manisha; Mukesh Kumar
An experiment was conducted under field conditions during kharif 2021 at CCS HAU, Regional Research Station, Bawal to study the “Performance of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) as influenced by potassium levels and foliar application of nutrients under irrigated conditions.” The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with thrice replications and treatments comprised three levels of potassium (0, 20 and 30 kg K2O ha-1) and foliar spray of 2% urea along with 2% multiplex nutrient at pre-flowering and pod formation stage with basal application of RDF [20:40:00 kg ha-1 (N: P2O5:K2O)]. The results showed that the number of nodules and their fresh weight was increased significantly with the application of potassium and foliar spray of 2 % urea and 2% multiplex nutrient at pre-flowering and pod formation stage. Seed and stover yield increased with the increase potassium and foliar spray of 2 % urea and 2% multiplex nutrient at pre-flowering and pod formation stage over control. The quality parameters like as protein content and gum content significantly increased with the application of potassium up to 30 kg K2O ha-1 with foliar spray. N, P, K and S content in seed and stover was significantly increased with the application of potassium and foliar spray but Ca and Mg content in seed and stover decrease with increase in potassium level. Uptake of N, P, K and S nutrients in seed and stover significantly increased with the application of potassium and foliar spray of 2 % urea and 2% multiplex nutrient but uptake of Ca and Mg decrease with increase in potassium level. Soil properties like pH, EC and organic carbon reported no significant influenced with the levels of potassium and foliar spray. Available N, P, K, S and different forms of K (water soluble K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K and total K) of soil after crop harvest was increased significantly while, Ca and Mg decreased significantly with the potassium application. Overall soil fertility was also found to be improved due to the application of potassium and foliar spray of urea and multiplex nutrient in clusterbean at pre-flowering and pod formation stage. The higher net monetary returns (Rs. 102240 ha-1) with B:C ratio (1.82) obtained under the treatment T9 (30 kg K2O ha-1 + 2% Urea spray+ 2% Multiplex nutrient spray). It is concluded that application of 30 kg K2O ha-1 at sowing and foliar spraying of 2% urea along with 2% multiplex at pre-flowering and pod formation stage was found to be suitable to improve soil conditions and to achieve optimum grain yield, monetary returns in clusterbean.
Open Access
Effect of different cropping systems on organic carbon fractions in soils of district Hisar, Haryana
(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-08) Ankit; Dhram Prakash
A study on effect of different cropping systems on organic carbon fractions in soils of district Hisar, Haryana was conducted. From different cropping systems viz., rice-wheat, cotton-wheat, pearl millet-wheat and pearl millet-mustard, total 80 surface soil samples (20 from each cropping system) were collected from farmer’s fields after the harvest of rabi crops during the month of April, 2022 and were analyzed for soil pH, EC, soil organic carbon fractions, available macro and micro nutrients, microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities. The lowest soil pH (7.8) and EC (0.55 dS m-1) were found under rice-wheat cropping system. The soil organic carbon, total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon were found higher (0.56%, 0.68% and 33.17 mg kg-1) under rice-wheat cropping system, however, these were lower (0.39%, 0.49% and 24.11 mg kg-1) under pearl millet-mustard cropping system. The very labile and labile carbon content were observed higher under cotton-wheat (0.23%) and pearl millet-wheat (0.14%) cropping system, respectively. Less labile (0.31%) and recalcitrant carbon (0.13%) were found higher in soils under rice-wheat cropping system. Relatively less labile carbon was significantly higher (44.70% of TOC) in soils under rice-wheat cropping system than other three cropping systems. The available nitrogen (155.9 kg ha-1), phosphorus (54.3 kg ha-1), potassium (354.0 kg ha-1) and sulphur (59.3 kg ha-1) were observed higher in cotton-wheat, rice-wheat, pearl millet-wheat and cotton-wheat, respectively. Zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) micronutrient content were found higher under rice-wheat cropping system. The highest microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) were also observed under rice-wheat cropping system. The MBC and MBN content of rice-wheat cropping system were higher by 19.59% and 17.93%; 18.99% and 32.19% higher over pearl millet-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping system, respectively. The dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and urease activity were also found highest under rice-wheat cropping system. Soil organic carbon content showed a positive and significant impact on nutrient availability (N, P, S, Fe, Mn and Zn content) and microbiological properties (MBC, MBN, dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activity) in soils under different cropping systems.
Open Access
Geospatial mapping and characterization of groundwater quality and its impact on soil properties in Jind district of Haryana
(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-08) Ajay Singh; Sheoran, Hardeep Singh
The study was counducted in Jind district, Haryana located between 2903'00" to 2951'00" N latitude and 7553'00" to 7645'30" E longitude with an objective to determine the geospatial mapping of groundwater quality and its impact on soil properties. A total of 830 groundwater samples were collected from eight blocks, viz., Jind, Alewa, Pillukhera, Narwana, Safidon, Julana, Uchana, and Ujhana of Jind district to evaluate the impact of water quality on soil properties, 130 soil samples (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) from each category of water from each block were collected from different sites. According to AICRP (1989) criteria of groundwater quality classification, out of 830 water samples, 36.27 percent samples were found to be of good quality, 33.01 percent were marginally saline, 13.01 percent were saline and 17.23 percent were high SAR saline, 0.24 were marginally alkali and 0.24 were classified in highly alkali categories, respectively. Among the different eight blocks, maximum good quality of water (67.95%) was found in block Ujhana and maximum poor quality (79.35%) water was found in block Narwana of the Jind district. The lowest value of pH (7.03) was observed in village Padana of block Julana, while lowest EC (0.23 dSm-1) was found in village Kalwan of block Ujhana. The lowest SAR (1.46) (mmol l-1)1/2 in village Lown of block Ujhana and RSC (0.00 meq L-1) observed in all the blocks and maximum value of pH (9.80) in village Dhanauri of block Ujhana, EC (21.08 dSm- 1 ) in village Sacha Khera of block Narwana, SAR (32.61) (mmol l-1)1/2 in Makhand village of Uchana block and RSC (5.25 meq L-1) in village Rattakhera (a) of Safidon block in Jind district. The mean cationic composition in Jind district followed the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+. Likewise, the anionic composition was observed in order of Cl- > SO4 2- > HCO3 - > CO3 2-. Based on the category of irrigation water used, soil samples were collected and soil saturation extract was analyzed. The lowest to highest values of ECe, pH and SAR varied from 1.11 (Village Belarkha, block Ujhana) to 21.11 dSm-1 (Village Shadipur Khera, block Julana), 7.30 (Village Brah khurd, block Jind) to 8.75 (Village Bibipur, block Jind), 3.65 (Village Alewa, block Alewa) to 34.29 (mmol l-1)1/2 (Village Bibipur, block Jind), respectively. The ECe, pH and SAR decreased with the soil depth. Thematic maps of various groundwater quality parameters such as pH, EC, SAR, RSC and overall water quality of study area were prepared using Arc Map 10.1 software and represented with suitable legend. It could be concluded from the present study that geospatial aided mapping proved to be a better technology for better characterization and utilization of natural resources in Jind district of Haryana.
Open Access
Assessment of organic carbon and available nutrient status in soils of Sirsa district
(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Verma, Vijendra Kumar; Jakhar, Devender Singh
The soils of all blocks were alkaline in reaction (7.73-8.90). The soils were non saline as the electrical conductivity of Nathusari Chopta, Rania, Sirsa, Baragudha, Odhan, Ellenabaad and Dabwali blocks was 0.49, 0.53, 0.54, 0.56, 0.63, 0.41 and 0.50 d S m-1, respectively. The soil texture ranged from sandy loam to clay loam. The organic carbon content of Sirsa district ranged from 0.21-0.82% with a mean value of 0.54%. About 57 percent soils were in medium category followed by 26 and 16 percent in low and medium category. The highest very labile carbon (0.20%) and labile carbon (0.12%) values were being observed in sandy soils whereas minimum were observed in clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. The highest less labile (0.20%) and recalcitrant (0.43%) carbon was observed in clay loam soil whereas minimum were observed in sandy soils. Similarly the highest total organic carbon (0.81%) was observed in clay loam soil. The mean available N was lowest in Nathusari Chopta and highest in Rania block. The highest available nitrogen (150.01 kg ha-1) and available phosphorus (33.41 kg ha-1) were recorded in Rania block whereas minimum available nitrogen (118.60 kg ha-1) and available phosphorus (22.60 kg ha-1) were recorded in Nathusari Chopta block. The soils were low in available nitrogen whereas high in available phosphorus. The available potassium in all blocks ranged between 96 to 650 Kg/ha. The mean value of available K was lowest in Nathusari Chopta (225.17) and highest in Odhan (278.86) block. The soils were medium (58%) to high (33%) in available potassium. The minimum and maximum levels of available S were found in the Blocks Rania (113.08) and Nathusari Chopta block (63.53) respectively. Around 54 percent samples were high in available suphur whereas only 10 percent samples were in low category. Most of the farmers using nitrogen fertilizer as above recommended dose, phosphorus fertilizer as recommended dose and potassium fertilizer as below recommended dose.
Open Access
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil properties under Legume based Agroforestry Systems
(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Suman; Bhardwaj, K.K.
The present investigation entitled “Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil properties under Legume based Agroforestry Systems” was conducted at Research Farm of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during 2020-21 to evaluate the effect of INM under different agroforestry systems on soil physical, chemical, biological properties and also on yield and nutrient uptake by mungbean. Soil samples from different tree based systems (Poplar+Mungbean and Eucalyptus+Mungbean) and control (devoid of tree) were analysed for different soil properties at 0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth. Moisture content increased significantly with increase in soil depth and it decreased in tree integrated system. Soil texture changes from loamy sand to sandy clay loam with increase in depth. The bulk density of soil was significantly influenced by soil depths but the effect of treatments, systems and their interactions was found non-significant. Highest infiltration rate (3.0 cm/h) was observed in T4 (Vermicompost @ 1 t/ha) treatment followed by T2 (FYM @ 2 t/ha) treatment under different cropping systems. Depth-wise, significantly lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity (0.139 cm/h) was observed in mungbean sole crop (60-90 cm) and highest (0.226 cm/h) was in Poplar+Mungbean (0-15cm) system. Effect of tree based system and soil depth was significant on EC of soil whereas influence of treatments applied and their interaction was found non-significant. The influence of system, soil depth, treatments and their interaction on soil pH, CaCO3 and total N was found non- significant. Organic carbon, available N, P and K were 19.2, 19.4, 32.8 and 10.8 % higher in poplar based agroforestry system as compare to control, respectively. Significantly highest micronutrient contents recorded in Poplar+Mungbean system and lowest in sole mungbean crop. The NH4+_ N and NO3- - N improved significantly under tree based system. MBC, phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease activities were 34, 23.4, 34.1 and 26.3% higher in poplar based agroforestry system as compare to control, respectively. Grain and straw yield of mungbean in control (devoid of trees) were 1.87 and 1.84 times higher as compare to poplar and eucalyptus based agroforestry system, respectively. By application of different treatments it was observed that RDF (T1) leads to an increase in grain yield of mungbean by 39, 54.5, 25.9, 17.4, 33.2, 69 and 77.1% over treatments T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8, respectively and in straw yield, RDF (T1) leads to an increase of 40.4, 62.6, 24, 21.6, 34.4, 76.4 and 79.9% over treatments T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8, respectively. Nutrient content in grain and straw was found not to be significantly affected by different treatments under different agroforestry systems but nutrient uptake was significant. Organic carbon showed significant positive correlation with available N, P, K, MBC, dehydrogenase activity and phosphtase activity. Hence it may be concluded that agroforestry system and organic manure enhanced soil organic matter and improved soil properties whereas the yield of mungbean was reduced.
Open Access
Impact of sludge applications rate on soil properties, nutrient content and yield of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Rachna; Rohtas Kumar
In order to study the effect of different sewage sludge application rate on soil properties, nutrient content and yield of mung bean, an experiment was carried out in the screen house during kharif season 2020-21. The results of the experiment revealed that increasing rate of sewage sludge application decreased the soil pH from 8.47 to 8.02 and increased the electrical conductivity from 0.09 to 0.16 dS m-1 and organic carbon content 0.30 to 0.84 %. The available N, P and K content of the soil increased 185.00 to 247.00, 8.86 to 15.86 and 295.80 to 377.13 kg ha-1, respectively and the DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn content of the soil also increased from 1.06 to 2.56, 0.27 to 2.63, 3.06 to 6.66 and 3.80 to 6.93 mg kg-1, respectively with increasing rate of sewage sludge from 0 to 20.0 t ha-1. The content of cadmium, lead, nickel, cobalt and chromium in the soil increased with each successive level of sewage sludge application but their content remained below the permissible limit. The grain and straw yield of mung bean increased significantly in all the treatments over control and the magnitude of increase in grain and straw yield was 14.67 to 44.92% and 11.03 to 68.96 %, respectively with increasing sewage sludge application rates from 2.5 to 20 t ha-1. The uptake of nutrients by grain and straw increased with increasing rate of sewage sludge application. The uptake of N, P and K by grain increased from 122.69 to 189.91, 9.74 to 17.34 and 11.22 to 23.12 mg pot-1 and in straw their uptake increased from 32.77 to 69.53, 3.86 to 16.81 and 12.66 to 28.4 mg pot-1, respectively. The uptake of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn by grain and straw also increased from 21.86 to 30.36 and 16.86 to 25.00; 3.93 to 5.03 and 3.50 to 4.77; 52.33 to 70.86; 74.66 to 93.77 and 3.73 to 7.60 and 23.66 to 46.00 μg pot-1, respectively. The content of Cd, Pb, Ni, Co and Cr slightly increased in all the treatments with increasing rate of sewage sludge application.
Open Access
Response of barley to vermicompost and fertlizer levels under alternate furrow irrigation method
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, 2022-12) Abhishek; Thakral, S.K.
The present study entitled “Response of barley to vermicompost and fertilizer levels under alternate furrow irrigation method” was carried out at Agronomy, Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, (Haryana) during the winter, 2021-22. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with two vermicompost level i.e., vermicompost @ 1.5 t ha-1 and vermicompost @ 3.0 t ha-1, two irrigation method i.e., every furrow irrigation and alternate irrigation method as the main plot treatments and three fertilizer levels at N40P20, N60P30 and N80P40 kg/ha as subplot treatments and replicated three times. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Based on the research investigation, it was found that vermicompost levels, method of irrigation and fertilizer levels have significant effect on growth, phenology, yield attributes, yield and economics of barley. Among the vermicompost levels, Vermicompost at 3.0 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher grain yield (4721 kg ha-1), straw yield (6032 kg ha-1 ), net return (78274 ha-1 ) and B:C (2.11) which were 11.0, 10.56, 12.41 and 1.44 per cent higher than vermicompost at 1.5 t ha-1, respectively due to higher yield attributes i.e. number of effective tillers (120.1), spike length (7.9 cm), number of grains per spike (41.1) and 1000-grain weight (38.70) than vermicompost at 1.5 t ha-1, respectively. Methods of irrigation, Every furrow irrigation recorded significantly higher grain yield (4842 kg ha-1), straw yield (6406 kg ha-1), net return (84837 ha-1 ) and B:C (2.24) which were 17.15, 26.08, 25.66 and 12.66 per cent higher than alternate furrow irrigation, respectively due to higher yield attributes i.e. number of effective tillers (120.5), spike length (7.9 cm), number of grains per spike (40.7) and 1000-grain weight (38.50) than alternate furrow irrigation, respectively. Among fertilizer level, application of N80P40 recorded significantly higher number of effective tillers (119.6), spike length (8.0 cm), number of grains per spike (41.2) and 1000- grain weight (38.60), grain yield (4842 kg ha-1), straw yield (6406 kg ha-1), net return (80418 ` ha-1) and B:C (2.18) over fertilizer level N40P20. Application of N80P40 closely followed by application of N60P30 and application of N60P30 also recorded similar values of above parameters.

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