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Open Access
Evaluation of carbon stock potential as affected by cropping systems in soils of eastern Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2018) Lamba, Shubham; Phogat, V.K.
Maintenance of carbon stocks in agricultural soils to an optimum level is crucial for achieving food security and environmental quality. Carbon is continuously cycling between diverse global carbon pools, understanding the dynamics of soil organic carbon and its relation with farming practices is utmost important for management of soil organic carbon pools and sustainability in agricultural production systems. The availability of nutrients and organic carbon in soils of Haryana is depleted primarily because of exhaustive crops, chemical fertilizers, and poor management followed by less or no application of manures and organic amendments. Soils of Haryana have potential to sequester carbon in varying amounts depending upon the soil texture and cropping system adopted. Samples from the surface and sub-surface soils were collected with the help of handheld GPS from Sonepat, Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Ambala, Yamunanagar, Panchkula, Jind, Kaithal, Rohtak, Jhajjar, Faridabad, Mewat, Palwal and Gurugram districts. The soil organic carbon (SOC) (3.53 g kg-1), soil organic carbon stock (SCS) (8.81 Mg ha-1 C) and carbon sequestration rate (0.88 Mg ha-1 C) were significantly higher under rice-wheat cropping system as compared to rest of the cropping systems. Likewise, the Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (54.33 mg kg-1), light fraction carbon (LFC) (0.32 g kg-1), heavy fraction carbon (HFC) (0.98 g kg-1), coarse particulate organic carbon (cPOC) (0.26 g kg-1), fine particulate organic carbon (fPOC) (0.37 g kg-1), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) (1.29 g kg-1) and dehydrogenase activity (DH) (5.878 μgTPF/g soil/24 h) were also significantly higher under rice-wheat cropping system. At various soil profile depths, the SOC (4.73 g kg-1), SCS (9.94 Mg ha-1 C), SCR (0.99 Mg ha-1 C), and carbon pools such as MBC (112.86 mg kg-1), LFC (0.43 g kg-1), HFC (1.38 g kg-1), cPOC (0.37 g kg-1), fPOC (0.49 g kg-1) and MAOC (1.96 g kg-1) were found significantly higher at surface 0-15 cm depth as compare to sub-surface soil depths. Nitrogen (217 kg ha-1), phosphorus (19.4 kg ha1), potassium (219 kg ha-1) were found significantly higher at the surface (0-15 cm) of rice-wheat cropping system. Among DTPA extractable micronutrients zinc (0.712 mg kg-1) was found significantly higher in cultivated fields of rice-wheat cropping systems whereas copper was found higher in cultivated fields of all cropping systems with significant differences. Higher values of bulk density (BD), pH and EC were observed in pearl millet-based cropping systems dominated by loamy sand texture. The relationship of SOC, SCS, SOC pools and different physicochemical properties showed both positive and negative correlation with the varying level of significance. The pH and EC were found most non-significant parameters when correlated with SOC, SCS, SOC pools and nutrients. The soils of the state have significantly lost SOC from cultivated fields and thus bears significant potential for carbon sequestration whereas rice-wheat cropping system is nearly saturated and possess very less or no potential to sequester carbon.
Open Access
Impact of organic and conventional farming practices on soil quality
(CCSHAU, 2018) Sheoran, Hardeep Singh; Phogat, V.K.
Organic agricultural systems aim at reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in order to improve soil quality and food safety. Despite the integral role of the management practices in agricultural production, there is a limited understanding of the effects of organic farming system on soil properties for seeking as an alternative to the conventional practices. The impact of organic farming on soil quality in terms of changes in various soil properties as compared to conventional farming was evaluated. Surface soil samples were collected from organic farm under different cropping systems visa- vis agricultural and horticultural cropping systems and their adjoining conventional farms from 25 different locations in 11 districts of Haryana. The texture of soils at different locations varied between sand to clay loam, representing almost all the soil types of the state. The soil samples were analyzed for various soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Organic farming system decreased the bulk density of soils at majority of the locations. The average bulk density values of all the locations reduced significantly from 1.47 to 1.45 Mg m-3 under organic as compared to conventional farming system. The water stable aggregates (>0.25 mm), moisture content at field capacity and plant available water were found to increase. Shifting from conventional to organic farming had no effect on pH and EC but reduced the CaCO3 significantly.Organic farming significantly increased the SOC from 51% to 62% as a result of which the SCS increased from 11.17 to 13.29 Mg ha-1 over conventional farming. The magnitude of increase in LOC, POC and MOC was 48.9, 23.6 and 14.7 %, respectively. Different organic carbon pools in various fractions followed the order MOC > POC > LOC. In addition, an increase in macro and micro nutrients was also observed. The total bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes counts were increased by 56.9, 55.2 and 49.5%, respectively, than those in the conventionally managed soils. Overall, population of rhizobium, azotobacter, azospirillum and PSB increased significantly by 44.1, 39.0, 47.1 and 43.5%. Under organic farming, dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and MBC increased by 57.5, 22.8 and 69.1 %, respectively, as compared to conventional farming system. It is concluded that the conversion of land from conventional to organic farming is good for maintaining soil quality and could be adopted or promoted as an alternative to the conventional farming practices for sustainable use of natural resources, and food safety coupled with climate change.
Open Access
Impact of cropping systems on the potential of carbon stock in soils of Western Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2017) Shivakumar, L.; Phogat, V.K.
Increasing carbon stock in agricultural soils is essential to achieve food security and environmental quality. An understanding of the dynamics of soil organic carbon as affected by farming practices is imperative for maintaining the soil productivity and management of soil organic carbon pools is important for sustainable agriculture. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and meager use of organic sources of plant nutrients, crop residues and adoption of exhaustive crops have resulted in depletion of available nutrients in soils of Haryana. Soils in the state have potential to sequester carbon to a variable magnitude depending upon their texture. Surface and sub-surface soil samples collected with the help of GPS across Sirsa, Hisar, Fatehabad, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh, Rewari, Jhajjar and Jind districts of the Haryana State were analysed for various properties. The soil organic carbon (SOC) (3.51 g kg-1), soil organic stock (SCS) (8.63 Mg ha-1 C) and carbon sequestraion rate (0.86 Mg ha-1 C) were significantly higher under rice-wheat cropping system as compared to cotton-wheat, pearl millet-wheat, pearl milletmustard, pulses-wheat, fallow-mustrad, fallow-gram and vegetables-vegetables cropping systems. However, the improvement in SOC to the tune of 30 to 75% was observed in the soils under rice-wheat than other cropping systems. Likewise, the Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (85.3 mg kg-1), light carbon fraction (LCF) (0.31 g kg-1), heavy carbon fraction (HCF) (0.98 g kg-1), coarse particulate organic carbon (cPOC) (0.28 g kg-1), fine particulate organic carbon (fPOC) (0.47 g kg-1), mineral associated organic carbon (MOC) (1.31 g kg-1) and dehydrogenase activity (DH) (12.16 μgTPF/g soil/24 h) were also significantly higher under rice-wheat cropping system. Soils under rice-wheat system were having significantly higher SOC (2.54-3.11 g kg-1), SCS (6.64-7.25 Mg ha-1 C), SCR (0.66-0.73 Mg ha-1 C) and organic pools of MBC (58.6-74.6), LCF (0.21-0.24 g kg-1), HCF (0.65-0.83 g kg-1), cPOC (0.19-0.22), fPOC (0.32-0.36 g kg-1), MOC (0.98-1.27 g kg-1) and dehydrogenase activity (7.03-8.97 μgTPF/g soil/24 h) as compared to their adjoining uncultivated soils. At various soil profile depths, the SOC (4.70 g kg-1), SCS (10.21 Mg ha-1 C), SCR (1.02 Mg ha-1 C), and organic pools of MBC (99.4 mg kg-1), LCF (0.40 g kg-1), HCF (1.23 g kg-1), cPOC (0.37 g kg-1), fPOC (0.55 g kg-1) and MOC (1.88 g kg-1) were significantly higher at surface 0-15 cm depth as compare to deeper soil depths. Soil physical and chemical properties had significant influence on soil organic carbon status of the soils. Bulk density (1.50 Mg m-3), pH (7.71), electrical conductivity (0.56 dS m-1) were higher at 60-90 cm soil depth, and nitrogen (117 kg ha-1), phosphorus (15.7 kg ha1), potassium (104 kg ha-1) and sulphur (20.2 mg kg-1) were significantly higher in surface 0-15 cm soil depth under rice-wheat than other cropping systems. Relationship between SOC to SCS, SOC to carbon pools and SOC to available nutrients was found positively and significantly correlated. Soils under rice-wheat system have less potential to store carbon as compared to other cropping systems.
Open Access
Long-term effects of organic manures and fertilizers on soil organic carbon pools and nitrogen fractions
(CCSHAU, 2013) Kumara, B.H.; Antil, R.S.
An ongoing long-term experiment on the integrated nutrient management (FYM and fertilizer N) under pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence was selected which has been running at the research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University since October, 1967. The experimental treatments consisted of 3 levels of FYM at 15, 30 and 45 Mg ha-1 till 2007-08 and 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha-1 from 2008-09 onwards; there modes of application: every kharif crop (summer season), in every rabi crop (winter season) and in both (kharif and rabi) the crops. An absolute control with application of FYM in any of the seasons was maintained as control. These 10 treatments (3 FYM levels X 3 modes of application + 1 FYM control) were allocated in the main plots and each main plot was subdivided into 3 sub-plots receiving fertilizer N at 0 and 120 kg N ha-1 in each season through urea using split plot design. Keeping the results of the above long-term experiment in mind, another long-term experiment was planned in 1995, to test/validate the results of above experiments by using different kinds of organic manures in combination with fertilizers under pearl millet-wheat cropping system. The experiment was laid out with the following treatments in a randomized block design with three replications; 75 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 150 kg N + 60 Kg ha-1 P2O5 ha-1, 15 Mg FYM ha-1, 15 Mg FYM + 150 kg N ha-1, 15 Mg FYM + 150 kg N+30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 5 Mg poultry manure ha-1, 5 Mg poultry manure +150 kg N+30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 7.5 Mg press mud ha-1, 7.5 Mg press mud +75 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 7.5 Mg press mud +150 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1. The changes in soil organic C fractions (DOC, MBC, LFC and HFC) and N fractions (acid insoluble-N, hydrolysable NH3-N, amino acid-N, amino sugar-N, hydrolysable unknown-N and total hydrolysable-N) were more dynamic in various treatments consisting of modes and levels of FYM and fertilizer N. A significant increase in soil organic C pools and N fractions when FYM applied at 15 Mg ha-1 followed by 10 and 5 Mg ha-1. Highest increase in soil organic C pools and N fractions were noticed when 15 Mg FYM ha-1 was applied along with 120 kg N ha-1 in both the seasons compared to applied in rabi or kharif seasons. Increased organic C, available macro (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu) and concentration of nutrients (NPK) contents were affected by the degree of change from the historical (43 years of experiments) amendment of FYM in different modes and levels of the intervention and fertilizer N levels. Increase in organic C, available N, P, K, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu, and concentration of nutrients contents was obsreved, when FYM applied at 15 Mg ha-1 followed by 10 and 5 Mg ha-1 and highest were noticed when FYM applied in both the seasons compared to applied either in rabi or kharif season. Continuous application of organic manures alone or in conjunction with NP fertilizer for 16 years led to resulted increase in the contents of various pools/form of organic C and N. The highest organic C and N fractions were recorded with 15 Mg FYM+150 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1. The build-up of organic C and N fractions and nutrient contents were higher in surface (0-15 cm) soil as compare to sub-surface (15-30 and 30-45 cm) soil. Application of FYM along with NP fertilizers led to the greatest increase in various organic N fractions followed by pressmud and poultry manure. Organic C, available N, P, K, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu contents of the soil decreased from its initial value, when only NP fertilizers were applied and increased significantly with the application of organic manures applied alone or applied in conjunction with NP fertilizers. Application of organic manures (FYM, pressmud and poultry manure) along with NP fertilizers produced significantly higher grain yield of pearl millet and wheat. Integrated use of fertilizers with organic manures maintained the sustainability of the pearl millet-wheat cropping system.
Open Access
Long term effect of integrated nutrient management on Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu fractions in soils
(CCSHAU, 2016) Katariya, Pukhraj; Dahiya, D.S.
In India, Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), wheat (Triticum astivum L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides)-wheat (Triticum astivum L.) cropping systems are dominant cropping systems across the Indo-gangetic plains and pearl millet-wheat in arid and semiarid area. An Ongoing long term experiments under rice-wheat and pearl millet-wheat cropping were selected to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on the sustainability of rice-wheat and pearl millet-wheat system. Application of fertilizers along with organic manures produced significantly higher grain yield of crops compared to application of fertilizer alone. The grain yield of rice and wheat decreased significantly with time in control and with imbalanced application of N, P and K fertilizers in rice-wheat cropping system. Application of organic manure alone resulted in poor yield of pearl millet and wheat crops. However, a significant increase in yield was obtained when organic manures were applied in conjunction with recommended dose of N for these crops and that was comparable with recommended dose of applied NP alone or NP applied in combination with organic manures in pearl millet-wheat cropping system. Imbalanced application of nutrients resulted in significantly lower uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients by rice crop as compared to balanced application of nutrients. Application of inorganic fertilizers along with organic manures significantly increased the uptake of macro and micronutrients by rice crop as compared to inorganic fertilizer alone treatment. The residual effect of organic manures treatments on macro and micronutrients uptake by succeeding wheat crop was found to be significant in rice-wheat cropping system. Among organic manures, highest N, P and K uptake was observed in pressmud followed by poultry manure and FYM. The lowest Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe uptake was reported where organic manures were applied alone. However, a significant increase in uptake was observed with combined application of organic manures along with N or NP fertilizers in pearl millet-wheat cropping system. The continuous pearl millet- wheat and rice-wheat cropping for sixteen years did not affect the content of various fractions of micronutrients in control over their initial status. Organic amendments viz., FYM, PM, GM, BRH and poultry manure moved micronutrient cations from least available fractions to more available fractions. Residual fraction accounted for more than 50% of the total content of each micronutrient in both the cropping system. The micronutrient cations content of soil increased up to 60 days in all the treatments except the no-organic manures plot where increase was very small. After 60 days of manures application, the micronutrients content decreased in all the plots received organic manures alone or with fertilizers. Keywords: long-term, pearl millet-wheat, rice-wheat, organic manures, micronutrients fractions.
Open Access
Effect of Different Sources of Sulphur and Organic Manures on Sulphur Transformation and Wheat Crop
(CCSHAU, 2016) Sanwan, Anurag; Duhan, B.S.
Limited information is available on the effect of different sources of S and its levels in conjunction with various organic manures on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat. Keeping these points in view, a screen house and laboratory study (incubation) was planned to achieve these objectives. The pot experiments were conducted in a screen house wherein wheat crop was raised with different levels of S (0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg), its sources (elemental S, gypsum, potassium sulphate and pyrite) and also with S levels (through elemental S) in the presence of organic manures to see their effects on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat. The results revealed that the grain yield as affected by various sources and levels of S increased significantly with increasing levels of S over control. The grain yield was found to be significant between 20 and 40 mg/kg S application but further increase in its level from 40 to 60 mg/kg did not influence the grain yield significantly. Amongst various sources of S, the grain yield also didn’t vary significantly. The straw yield improved significantly with increasing levels of S over control. The data on nutrient concentrations and their uptake by wheat grain and straw revealed that the concentration of N was higher at highest dose of S. Similar trend was observed with respect to N uptake in both wheat grain and straw. There were no significant differences in concentration of P in wheat grain due to various sources and levels of S application but in case of straw the P content differed significantly with increasing levels of S over control. The uptake of P in both grain and straw differed significantly with the application of S over control. The content of K in wheat grain decreased significantly at 60 mg/kg S application and its uptake increased significantly with increasing levels of S over control. But in case of straw, K uptake increased with increasing levels of S over control. Sulphur concentration in wheat grain increased significantly with increasing levels of S. Available nutrients NPK in soil after harvest of wheat crop decreased significantly whereas S increased significantly with increasing levels of S. Sulphur application through elemental S in conjunction with organic manures resulted in increase in N and S whereas P and K decreased significantly. Incubation study reveal that on an average, organic S, SO4-S, water and heat soluble S constituted 40.2, 10.0, 9.1 and 16.6 per cent of total S amongst the various treatments over the period of incubation. Total S did not show mark difference between initial and final stage of investigation. Distribution of various S fractions followed the sequence: water soluble S < sulphate S < heat soluble S < organic S < total S.
Open Access
Anionic effect on manganese uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), its vertical distribution and release behaviour in different soils
(CCSHAU, 2016) Narender; Malik, Ranbir Singh
In order to evaluate the anionic effect on manganese uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), its vertical distribution and release behaviour in different soils, laboratory as well as screen house experiments were conducted at CCS HAU, Hisar during the year 2013-15.The results of the pot study revealed a significant increased in yields, content, uptake of Mn by wheat and Mn content in soil with the application of NO3 -, PO4 3- and Mn, whereas it was significantly decreased with increasing levels of HCO3 - and Cl-. The highest yields of grain and straw were recorded with 90 mg NO3 - kg-1 and 60 mg PO4 3- kg-1 along with 25 mg Mn kg-1 and no addition of HCO3 - and Cl-. Maximum Mn content and its uptake in wheat grain and straw were recorded with 90 mg NO3 - kg-1 and 60 mg PO4 3- kg-1 with 50 mg Mn kg-1 and no addition of HCO3 - and Cl- in soil. In pot experiment, Mn fractions content increased with the application of graded level of NO3 -, PO4 3- and Mn whereas it was significantly decreased with the application of increasing level of HCO3 - and Cl-. Among Mn fractions in post harvest soils, maximum Mn was associated in residual (RES) fraction followed by MnOX > AFeOX > CFeOX > EX > CARB > OM fractions. Organic matter bound (OM) showed a very littile amount of Mn content due to the low content of organic carbon in experimental soil. Under depth-wise distribution of Mn fractions, all fractions of Mn in soil decreased significantly with increasing soil depth in all the cropping system. The mean DTPA-Mn concentration was highest in cotton-wheat cropping system. Among various Mn fractions, maximum was found associated in residual (RES) form which accounted for 58.08 % and minimum in organic matter bound (OM) form which accounted for 0.03 % of total Mn. Based upon the linear coefficient of correlation between Mn fractions and soil properties, the organic matter, silt and clay fraction showed greater importance and found significantly positively correlated with Mn fractions. Total manganese content in soil particles (i.e. sand, silt and clay) under all cropping system was associated maximum in silt fraction (52.78 %) whereas it was minimum in sand fraction (14.86 %) . Manganese associated with different soil fraction was found in the order of: Silt > Clay > Sand. For understanding the periodically release behaviour of Mn in different cropping system soils, DTPA-Mn content in paddy-wheat was found to release Mn upto 40 days and thereafter the release of Mn remain almost constant and in cotton-wheat, sugarcane-sugarcane it was continuously release Mn upto 50 days whereas in pearl millet-wheat, pearl millet-mustard and fellow-mustard cropping system, the release of Mn was noticed only upto 30 days and thereafter the release of Mn remain constant.
Open Access
Evaluation of different methods of irrigation and mulching for enhancing water use efficiency in cotton
(CCSHAU, 2015) Choudhary, Kamla Kumari; Dahiya, Rita
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important cash crops. India is amongst largest cotton producing countries. The genetically modified Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton is getting popularity among the growers due to its higher yield potential over the conventional varieties of cotton. Therefore, field experiments were carried out at Research Farm of Department of Soil Science of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2013 and 2014 for evaluating different methods of irrigation and mulching rate for enhancing water use efficiency in cotton. The experiments consisted of two irrigation scheduling as main treatments, three irrigation methods (drip, furrow and flood) and four wheat straw mulching rate (0, 2, 4, 6 ton/ha) as sub-treatments. The experiments were carried out with four cotton cultivars viz., Bt (MRC-7017), Bt (RCH-134), American (H-1236) and Desi (HD-123) in three replicates. Application of wheat straw mulching @ 6t ha-1 increased SOC significantly by 10.9 %, 6.4 % and 8.5 % at 0-5 cm, and 13.3 %, 12.5 % and 10.7 % at 5-10 cm under drip, furrow and flood irrigations, respectively, during 2013 over the control treatment. The effect of mulching @ 4t ha -1 on SOC was observed to be statistically at par with mulching @ 6t ha-1. Wheat straw mulching applied @ 4 and 6t ha-1 decreased soil bulk density under drip, furrow and flood irrigation at both the moisture regimes over the control treatment up to 10 cm depth during 2013 and up to 15 cm during 2014. Wheat straw mulching @ 4t ha-1 increased saturated hydraulic conductivity, water stable aggregates, maximum water holding capacity and soil profile moisture at both the moisture regimes in all the cotton varieties. The effect of mulching @ 4t ha-1 on soil properties was found statistically at par with mulch @ 6t ha-1.The application of wheat straw mulching @ 4 and 6t ha-1 significantly increased soil moisture contents during the month of May and June in 2013 and 2014. The application of wheat straw mulch increased seed cotton yield, seed cotton yield per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, and water use efficiency. The effect of mulching @ 4t ha-1 on seed cotton yield, yield attributes and WUE was also found statistically at par with mulch @ 6t ha-1. The moisture regimes affected the root growth pattern and length for all the four cotton varieties. Amongst the varieties, the longest root length was observed in Desi (HD-123) in flood irrigation, whereas, shortest under drip irrigation. The results concluded that wheat straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 resulted in improving soil physical properties favourable for plant growth. Drip irrigation at P.E. of 0.8 with wheat straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 resulted in highest WUE for American (H-1236) followed by Bt (MRC-7017). The Hydrus-2D model performed well for simulating soil water in drip irrigated soil under field conditions. Hence, drip irrigation has potential to increase the seed cotton yield and improve soil properties under wheat straw mulching in arid and semi arid climatic conditions.
Open Access
Response of Boron applications to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under saline conditions
(CCSHAU, 2016) Kuldeep Singh; Ram Parkash
Six independent experiments were conducted on sunflower during 2011 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India to study ''Response of Boron applications to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under saline conditions. The experiment-1 entitled “Response of Boron (B) application to sunflower under Cl-dominated salinity” with four salinity levels (Control, 4, 8 and 12 dSm-1) and five Boron levels (Control, 1, 3, 6, 12 ppm), experiment-2 entitled “Response of B application to sunflower under SO4 2- dominated salinity” with four salinity levels (Control, 4, 8 and 12 dSm-1) and five Boron levels (Control, 1, 3, 6, 12 ppm), experiment-3 entitled “Performance of sunflower crop under Cl-dominated salinity” with four salinity level (Control, 4, 8 and 12 dSm-1) and four genotypes (HSFH-848 F2, 91A x R17, 91A x HRHA53 and Hybrid Jawalamukhi), experiment-4 entitled “Performance of sunflower crop under SO4 2-dominated salinity” with four salinity level (Control, 4, 8 and 12 dSm-1) and four genotypes (HSFH-848 F2, 91A x R17, 91A x HRHA53 and Hybrid Jawalamukhi), experiment-5 entitled "Retention and movement of Boron under Cl-dominated saline soils as affected by leaching levels" with five leaching level (200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 mm) by maintaining soil salinity 8 dSm-1 and experiment-6 entitled "Retention and movement of Boron under SO4 2- dominated saline soils as affected by leaching levels" with five leaching level (200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 mm) by maintaining soil salinity 8 dSm-1 were laid out in CRD with three replications in Pot (Experiment No.1to 4) and laboratory (Experiments 5 and 6). Salinity was created by pot experiments Na+1, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl-1 and SO4 -2 salt in different quantity for different type of salinity. Boric acid was for preparing Boron levels. Germination of sunflower genotypes declined as salinity and boron levels were increased under both type of salinity. Seed yield, oil content and protein content also decreased with increase in salinity and boron levels. Boron concentration in stalk and seed was lower under saline conditions but its concentration was increased with boron levels. Ion concentrations were higher at higher levels of salinity and Na+, SO4 and Cl concentration in seed increased with B level and parallel the concentration of Ca and Mg was decreased in both type of salinity. Hybrid Jawalamukhi recorded the maximum germination percentage, seed yield, oil content and protein content in both types and all levels of salinity. Hybrid Jamalamukhi seed maintain higher Ca+2, Mg+2 and SO4 -2, and minimum content of Na+1 and Cl-1 to withstand against both types of salinity.

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