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Subject: Soil Science × End date: 2005 × Start date: 2005 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phosphorus and potassium forms in soil as affected by their long term use under different cropping sequences
    (CCSHAU, 2005) MANAS BUL KEZEKIA; NARENDERA SINGH
    The present study was conducted on a long term field experiment basis which is in progress since July 1979 at Soil Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of Phosphours and Potassium on depletion of potassium under bajra-wheat jowar-wheat and -123- moongbean-wheat crop rotations. Soil samples from two depths 0-15 and 15-30cm were collected from the field of the study, grain and straw yields of crops were recorded at harvest, Jowar fodder was harvested at 70 days after sowing and samples were analysed in the laboratory for N, P and K contents. Soil samples from each rotation were analysed for different forms of Phosphorus and Potassium. Application of 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased the different P fractions i.e. available, inorganic, organic and total P over their no P application. Potassium treatment also increased these fractions over their control plots. Application of 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly decreased all the K forms viz. water soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, lattice and total K in both soil depths as compared with plots received no P application. Potassium applications, in another hand, increased the contents of different K fractions as compared with plots without K application. Maximum decreased in K fractions was recorded under P0K0 followed by P60K0 plots. 60 kg P2O5/ha treatment improved significantly the grain and straw yields of both kharif (bajra, jowar and moongbean) and rabi (wheat) crops over no P treatment. Potassium fertilization, in general, increased grain and straw yields of both the crop seasons compared with the control plots. Total annual uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were improved significantly by phosphorus and potassium fertilization and higher uptake was found in bajra-wheat rotation than in jowar-wheat and moongbean-wheat rotation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of ground water quality of Asandh and Nissing blocks of district Karnal, Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Devraj Singh; Verma, S.L.
    Present study entitled, “Characterisation of ground water quality of Nissing and Asandh blocks of district Karnal, Haryana” and to assess the effect of different quality waters on physico-chemical properties of soils in respective blocks, was under taken. With the objective in view 407 and 357 tube-well water samples from 46 villages of Asandh and 50 villages of Nissing block respectively were collected. On the basis of water analysis, soil samples from Asandh and Nissing blocks were collected and analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. pH, EC, SAR and RSC in irrigation waters of Asandh varied from 7.15-9.2, 0.48-6.52 dSm-1, 0.26-19.86 (m mol l-1)½ and Nil-18.1 ml l-1 respectively. Likewise corresponding values of water quality varied from 7.2-9.1, 0.48-4.19 dSm-1, 1.05-19.86 (m mole l-1)½ and Nil-18.0 me l-1 respectively, in Nissing block. Dominant cation was sodium followed by magnesium and calcium. Likewise, in case of anions, bicarbonate was the dominant anion followed by chloride and sulphate upto EC 3dSm-1 and after EC range between 3-4 dSm-1 and above the trend was Cl- > SO42- >HCO3- >CO32- type water in Asandh block. In Nissing block, bicarbonates were the dominant anion followed by chloride and sulphate upto EC range 2-3 dSm-1 , in EC range 3-4 dSm-1 HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > CO32- type waters and after EC 4 dSm-1 the trend was Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > CO32- type water in respect of anions. RSC was observed only in tube-well waters having EC upto 3 and 4 dSm-1 respectively in Asandh and Nissing blocks and subsequent EC range of water did not show presence of RSC. In both Asandh and Nissing blocks maximum number of underground water samples (185 and 195) had EC between 1 and 2 dSm-1 and with the increase in EC, number of tube-well water samples decreased, under various range. As per Manchanda classification 49.4, 18.7, 0, 24.6 and 7.3 per cent waters of Asandh block were classified under good, marginal, saline, sodic and saline-sodic categories, respectively. Likewise 53.5, 6.4, 0.6, 38.7 and 0.8 per cent of the respective underground waters were found in the corresponding category in Nissing block. As per AICRP (1989) classification 35.63, 19.9, 5.41, 2.46, 15.48, 15.97 and 5.15 per cent waters of Asandh block were classified under good, marginally saline, saline, high SAR saline, marginally alkali, alkali and highly alkali categories, respectively. Likewise 45.7, 8.7, 0.3, 0.6, 20.2, 19.2 and 5.3 per cent of the respective underground waters were found in the corresponding categories in Nissing block. The use of poor quality water resulted salt accumulation in both the surface (0-15 cm) and sub surface (15-30 cm) layers. Mostly highest ECe and SARe were observed in the upper layer (0-15 cm) of soil.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of sodic water irrigation depth and gypsum on wheat and soil properties with sprinkler system
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Saini, Jagmohan; Yadav, Satyaveer Singh
    A field experiment was conducted during 2004-2005 to study the effect of sodic water irrigation depth (4, 5 and 6 cm through sprinkler system) and gypsum levels [G0, G50, G75 and G100 per cent neutralization of RSC (12.0 me l-1) with gypsum] on wheat and soil properties. This experiment was initiated in 2002 on Regional Research Station of CCS Haryana Agricultural University at Bawal (Rewari). Increased volume of sodic water and gypsum levels significantly influenced the growth parameters. The data indicated that grain yield of wheat under 4, 5 and 6 cm irrigation depth with sodic water through sprinkler was 34.27, 36.90 and 39.0 q ha-1 and with gypsum level G0, G50, G75 and G100 per cent neutralization of RSC was 34.07, 36.28, 37.87 and -XVI- 38.69 q ha-1, respectively. The increase in rain yield due to 6 cm irrigation depth over 4 and 5 cm was 13.8 and 5.7 per cent, respectively. Neutralization of RSC with gypsum decreased Na : Ca and Na : K ratio in plants. Similar results were also obtained in case of straw yield of wheat. The one of the most mimportant finding indicated that neutralization of RSC upto 75 per cent with gypsum was found at par with 100 per cent neutralization thereby indicating that under sprinkler system 75 per cent neutralization of RSC is sufficient. Application of gypsum increased the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S while Na content was decreased in grain and straw of wheat. Relatively higher pH and ESP were observed in soil under 5 and 6 cm as compared to 4 cm depth of irrigation. Soil pH and ESP decreased with increasing level of gypsum irrespective of depth of irrigation. The content of pH, EC, ESP and CaCO3 was increased with increasing soil depth and irrigation depth and decreased with increasing level of gypsum, while organic carbon was decreased with increasing soil depth. The results revealed that the hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate of the soil increased with increasing gypsum levels but decreased with the increasing irrigation depth. The hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate was increased by 115 and 363 per cent, respectively with the application of G100 as compared to G0 levels. The dispersion ratio and soil strength however showed an increasing trend with increasing irrigation depth but decreased with levels of gypsum.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of ground water quality of asandh and nissing blocks of district Karnal, Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Devraj Singh; Verma, S.L.
    Present study entitled, “Characterisation of ground water quality of Nissing and Asandh blocks of district Karnal, Haryana” and to assess the effect of different quality waters on physico-chemical properties of soils in respective blocks, was under taken. With the objective in view 407 and 357 tube-well water samples from 46 villages of Asandh and 50 villages of Nissing block respectively were collected. On the basis of water analysis, soil samples from Asandh and Nissing blocks were collected and analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. pH, EC, SAR and RSC in irrigation waters of Asandh varied from 7.15-9.2, 0.48-6.52 dSm-1, 0.26-19.86 (m mol l-1)½ and Nil-18.1 ml l-1 respectively. Likewise corresponding values of water quality varied from 7.2-9.1, 0.48-4.19 dSm-1, 1.05-19.86 (m mole l-1)½ and Nil-18.0 me l-1 respectively, in Nissing block. Dominant cation was sodium followed by magnesium and calcium. Likewise, in case of anions, bicarbonate was the dominant anion followed by chloride and sulphate upto EC 3dSm-1 and after EC range between 3-4 dSm-1 and above the trend was Cl- > SO42- >HCO3- >CO32- type water in Asandh block. In Nissing block, bicarbonates were the dominant anion followed by chloride and sulphate upto EC range 2-3 dSm-1 , in EC range 3-4 dSm-1 HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > CO32- type waters and after EC 4 dSm-1 the trend was Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > CO32- type water in respect of anions. RSC was observed only in tube-well waters having EC upto 3 and 4 dSm-1 respectively in Asandh and Nissing blocks and subsequent EC range of water did not show presence of RSC. In both Asandh and Nissing blocks maximum number of underground water samples (185 and 195) had EC between 1 and 2 dSm-1 and with the increase in EC, number of tube-well water samples decreased, under various range. As per Manchanda classification 49.4, 18.7, 0, 24.6 and 7.3 per cent waters of Asandh block were classified under good, marginal, saline, sodic and saline-sodic categories, respectively. Likewise 53.5, 6.4, 0.6, 38.7 and 0.8 per cent of the respective underground waters were found in the corresponding category in Nissing block. As per AICRP (1989) classification 35.63, 19.9, 5.41, 2.46, 15.48, 15.97 and 5.15 per cent waters of Asandh block were classified under good, marginally saline, saline, high SAR saline, marginally alkali, alkali and highly alkali categories, respectively. Likewise 45.7, 8.7, 0.3, 0.6, 20.2, 19.2 and 5.3 per cent of the respective underground waters were found in the corresponding categories in Nissing block. The use of poor quality water resulted salt accumulation in both the surface (0-15 cm) and sub surface (15-30 cm) layers. Mostly highest ECe and SARe were observed in the upper layer (0-15 cm) of soil.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of sodic water irrigation depth and gypsum on wheat and soil properties with sprinkler system
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Saini, Jagmohan; Yadav, Satyaveer Singh
    A field experiment was conducted during 2004-2005 to study the effect of sodic water irrigation depth (4, 5 and 6 cm through sprinkler system) and gypsum levels [G0, G50, G75 and G100 per cent neutralization of RSC (12.0 me l-1) with gypsum] on wheat and soil properties. This experiment was initiated in 2002 on Regional Research Station of CCS Haryana Agricultural University at Bawal (Rewari). Increased volume of sodic water and gypsum levels significantly influenced the growth parameters. The data indicated that grain yield of wheat under 4, 5 and 6 cm irrigation depth with sodic water through sprinkler was 34.27, 36.90 and 39.0 q ha-1 and with gypsum level G0, G50, G75 and G100 per cent neutralization of RSC was 34.07, 36.28, 37.87 and 38.69 q ha-1, respectively. The increase in rain yield due to 6 cm irrigation depth over 4 and 5 cm was 13.8 and 5.7 per cent, respectively. Neutralization of RSC with gypsum decreased Na : Ca and Na : K ratio in plants. Similar results were also obtained in case of straw yield of wheat. The one of the most mimportant finding indicated that neutralization of RSC upto 75 per cent with gypsum was found at par with 100 per cent neutralization thereby indicating that under sprinkler system 75 per cent neutralization of RSC is sufficient. Application of gypsum increased the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S while Na content was decreased in grain and straw of wheat. Relatively higher pH and ESP were observed in soil under 5 and 6 cm as compared to 4 cm depth of irrigation. Soil pH and ESP decreased with increasing level of gypsum irrespective of depth of irrigation. The content of pH, EC, ESP and CaCO3 was increased with increasing soil depth and irrigation depth and decreased with increasing level of gypsum, while organic carbon was decreased with increasing soil depth. The results revealed that the hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate of the soil increased with increasing gypsum levels but decreased with the increasing irrigation depth. The hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate was increased by 115 and 363 per cent, respectively with the application of G100 as compared to G0 levels. The dispersion ratio and soil strength however showed an increasing trend with increasing irrigation depth but decreased with levels of gypsum.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of ground water quality of asandh and nissing blocks of district Karnal, Haryann
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Devraj Singh; Verma, S.L.
    Present study entitled, “Characterisation of ground water quality of Nissing and Asandh blocks of district Karnal, Haryana” and to assess the effect of different quality waters on physico-chemical properties of soils in respective blocks, was under taken. With the objective in view 407 and 357 tube-well water samples from 46 villages of Asandh and 50 villages of Nissing block respectively were collected. On the basis of water analysis, soil samples from Asandh and Nissing blocks were collected and analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. pH, EC, SAR and RSC in irrigation waters of Asandh varied from 7.15-9.2, 0.48-6.52 dSm-1, 0.26-19.86 (m mol l-1)½ and Nil-18.1 ml l-1 respectively. Likewise corresponding values of water quality varied from 7.2-9.1, 0.48-4.19 dSm-1, 1.05-19.86 (m mole l-1)½ and Nil-18.0 me l-1 respectively, in Nissing block. Dominant cation was sodium followed by magnesium and calcium. Likewise, in case of anions, bicarbonate was the dominant anion followed by chloride and sulphate upto EC 3dSm-1 and after EC range between 3-4 dSm-1 and above the trend was Cl- > SO4 2- >HCO3 - >CO3 2- type water in Asandh block. In Nissing block, bicarbonates were the dominant anion followed by chloride and sulphate upto EC range 2-3 dSm-1 , in EC range 3-4 dSm-1 HCO3 - > SO4 2- > Cl- > CO3 2- type waters and after EC 4 dSm-1 the trend was Cl- > HCO3 - > SO4 2- > CO3 2- type water in respect of anions. RSC was observed only in tube-well waters having EC upto 3 and 4 dSm-1 respectively in Asandh and Nissing blocks and subsequent EC range of water did not show presence of RSC. In both Asandh and Nissing blocks maximum number of underground water samples (185 and 195) had EC between 1 and 2 dSm-1 and with the increase in EC, number of tube-well water samples decreased, under various range. As per Manchanda classification 49.4, 18.7, 0, 24.6 and 7.3 per cent waters of Asandh block were classified under good, marginal, saline, sodic and saline-sodic categories, respectively. Likewise 53.5, 6.4, 0.6, 38.7 and 0.8 per cent of the respective underground waters were found in the corresponding category in Nissing block. As per AICRP (1989) classification 35.63, 19.9, 5.41, 2.46, 15.48, 15.97 and 5.15 per cent waters of Asandh block were classified under good, marginally saline, saline, high SAR saline, marginally alkali, alkali and highly alkali categories, respectively. Likewise 45.7, 8.7, 0.3, 0.6, 20.2, 19.2 and 5.3 per cent of the respective underground waters were found in the corresponding categories in Nissing block. The use of poor quality water resulted salt accumulation in both the surface (0-15 cm) and sub surface (15-30 cm) layers. Mostly highest ECe and SARe were observed in the upper layer (0- 15 cm) of soil.