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Open Access
Biochemical and physiological changes in seed quality of Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell] under different salinity levels
(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2019) Hemender; Mor, V. S
The present study was planned to standardize the hydropriming protocol and evaluate the effect of different seed priming treatments on seed quality and plant growth of three wheat varieties under different salinity levels. Results revealed that mean sum of squares were significant for all the factors studied indicating sufficient magnitude of variations. The work on standardization of hydropriming indicated that volume of water and duration of soaking significantly influenced the seed performance and highest germination and vigour was observed at 12 hours soaking duration in equal volume closely followed by 8 hours with double volume and a decline was observed at 16 and 20 hours. The seedling vigour at 25°C increased as compared to 20°C level but, germination percentage showed a minor reduction at 25°C. Seed priming with saline water was found to produce a negative effect on seed quality as it showed a reduction in all the parameters with increase in salinity of the priming solution as compared to simple water. Low (2 and 4 dSm-1) and moderate (6 and 8 dSm-1) salinity adversely affect the speed of germination and early seedling growth but not showing much effect on the germination percentage, but, salinity above 8dSm-1 also decreased the percent germination. The salinity also produced detrimental effects on plant morphological development and yield. All the plant growth and yield attributing parameters reduced with rise in salinity and highest effect was shown on tillering at high salinity levels which resulted in 90% decrease in grain yield at 12 dSm-1 as compared to control. Among the genotypes, KRL 213 showed its salt tolerance potential and performed better than WH 1105 and WH 1124 at high salinity whereas, WH 1124 showed some sort of tolerance at moderate level of salt stress. Seed priming with different chemical agents proved to be beneficial under saline conditions as it improved the germination and seed vigour as compared to unprimed seed. Priming with CaCl2, salicylic acid and GA3 showed the salinity mitigating effect and highest values for most of the seed vigour parameters and plant growth and yield traits
Open Access
Studies on Seed Quality Enhancement and Storability in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2019-09) Suryapal Singh; Sangwan, V.P.S
The present study entitled “Studies on Seed Quality Enhancement and Storability in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)” was carried out in the Laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar for a period of 18 months during 2017-2019 under ambient conditions on cultivar Hiasr Swarup (HF 33) of fennel to ascertain the influence of seed pelleting and priming on seed quality and also the combined effect of both on the storability of fennel seeds. The present research comprised of the three different experiments, which were laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and consisting of 7 pelleting and 15 priming treatments with three replications to assess the different physiological and biochemical parameters in fennel. In the first experiment, fennel seeds responded well to different pelleting treatments. The physiological parameters (standard germination, speed of emergence, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour indices) and biochemical parameters (catalase, peroxidase, dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase activity) increased on pelleting with Captan @3 g/kg + Imidacloprid@ 2g/kg followed by neem leaf powder (100 g/kg seeds), whereas, electrical conductivity was recorded minimum in above pelleting treatments. In the second experiment, priming with Trichoderma viride (8g/kg seed) or KNO3 (1%) significantly improved the physiological and biochemical parameters, which increased significantly over the control, apart from electrical conductivity. In the third experiment, the seed quality relating to physiological and biochemical traits decreased with advancement in storability except for electrical conductivity. Better retention of seed quality characters viz., standard germination, speed of emergence, seedling dry weight, vigour indices along with biochemical characters was observed in the seeds pelleted with Captan (3 g/kg) + Imidacloprid (2 g/kg) followed by KNO3 (1%) and neem leaf powder (100 g/kg seeds) after 18 months of storage (except seedling length and seed vigour index-I). The minimum EC was recorded in seeds primed with Trichoderma viride (8g/kg seed), followed by KNO3 (1%) and seeds pelleted with Captan @3 g/kg + Imidacloprid @2 g/kg. Hence, it can be concluded that in order to maintain better seed quality of fennel during storage, seed pelleting proved superior over seed priming that ought to be given as pre-sowing treatment not as pre-storage treatment.
Open Access
Seed quality assessment in natural and artificially aged seed of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sunil Kumar; Sangwan, V.P.S.
The present study entitled “Seed quality assessment in natural and artificially aged seed of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was carried out in the Department of Seed Science & Technology at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). The experiments were laid out in factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and Randomized Block Design (RBD) for laboratory and field parameters, respectively on six genotypes of fenugreek viz., HM-57, HM-103, HM-273, RMT-361, FGK-49, FGK-80. The present investigation was carried out in three different experiments to meet out the objectives of study. In the first experiment, To assess the seed quality during natural ageing at 3 months interval up to 18 months and check physiological and biochemical parameters viz., standard germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I & II, viability test (Tz %) catalase (CAT) peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), dehydrogenase enzyme activity parameters were decreased significantly with the advancement of natural ageing of seeds whereas, electrical conductivity of seeds leachates increased with the advancement of time. The field parameters viz., seedling emergence index and seedling establishment were also decreased significantly with the advancement of time whereas, mean emergence time increased with the passage of time. In the second experiment, to study the physiological and biochemical change after accelerated ageing of all six genotypes of fenugreek. Effect of artificial ageing was more as compared to natural ageing to degradation fresh seed. In the third experiment effect of priming on marginal seed of natural and artificial aged seed of all six genotypes of fenugreek. Seed priming treatments viz., T0: Control, T1: hydro-priming followed by dry dressing with thiram @ 0.25%, T2: Hydration with GA3 (50 ppm), T3: Hydration with PEG (6000), T4: Hydration with KNO3 (0.5%), T5: 2% CaCl2 were analyzed to identify the suitable priming treatment. Among various priming treatments „T2‟- hydration with GA3 @ 50 ppm followed by „T1‟-Thiram performed best to enhance all the seed vigour and viability characteristics and to lower down the electrical conductivity of naturally and artificially aged seed of fenugreek. The seed quality improvement through seed priming was noticed more in marginal seed i.e. artificial aged seed. Among the different genotypes, maximum enhancement was observed in FGK-80 followed by FGK-49 whereas, minimum enhancement was observed in genotype HM-57 during the study. In conclusion, the present study revealed that fenugreek seed lose its viability and vigour with the advancement of storage time and seed priming with GA3 @ 50 ppm and thiram can be used as an effective tool to enhance vigour and viability of seed.
Open Access
Studies on impact of natural ageing and seed priming on seed quality in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) czern. & coss
(CCSHAU, 2018) Pradeep Singh; Punia, R.C.
The present study entitled “Studies on impact of natural ageing and seed priming on seed quality in Indian mustard. [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.]” was carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17. The experiments was laid out in factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and Randomized Block Design (RBD) for laboratory and field parameters, respectively on three varieties of Indian mustard viz., RH 30, RH 9304 and RH 0406 with three seed lots of each variety. The present investigation was carried out in two different experiments to meet out the objectives of study. In the first experiment, three lots of different Indian mustard were studied for various seed physiological parameters viz., standard germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I & II, viability test (Tz %), and accelerated ageing. All physiological parameters were decreased significantly with the advancement of natural ageing of seeds. All the biochemical parameters viz., peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), dehydrogenase enzyme activity decreased significantly with passage of time, whereas, electrical conductivity of seeds leachates increased with the advancement of time. The field parameters viz., seedling emergence index and seedling establishment were also decreased significantly with the advancement of time whereas, mean emergence time increased with the passage of time. In the second experiment, six seed priming treatments viz., T0: Control, T1: hydro-priming followed by dry dressing with carbendazim (2g/kg), T2: Hydration with GA3 (50 ppm), T3: Hydration with KNO3 (0.5%), T4: Hydration with KH2PO4 (0.5%), T5: Biofertilizer (Azotobacter) were analyzed to identify the suitable priming treatment. Among various priming treatments „T2‟- hydration with GA3 @ 50 ppm followed by „T6‟-Biofertilizer performed best to enhance all the seed vigour and viability characteristics and to lower down the electrical conductivity of naturally aged seed lots of Indian mustard seeds. The seed quality improvement through seed priming was noticed more in marginal seed lot i.e. one year old seed lot. Among the different varieties, maximum enhancement was observed in RH-30 followed by RH-9304 whereas, minimum enhancement was observed in variety RH-0406 during the periodof study. In conclusion, the present study revealed that Indian mustard seed lose its viability and vigour with the advancement of storage time and seed priming with GA3 @ 50 ppm and Biofertilizer (Azotobacter) can be used as an effective tool to enhance vigour and viability of seed.
Open Access
Effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield, quality and its storability in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Pandey, Vineeta; Dahiya, O.S.
The present research was carried out at the research farm and laboratories of Department of Seed Science & Technology, CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield, quality and its storability in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The material comprised of a variety “HFP-529” which was grown in the research farm of Department of Seed Science & Technology with twenty three treatment combinations of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers. All the treatments were assessed for different seed yield, quality and storability parameters. Among the treatments, Rhizobium+PSB+100% recommended dose of nitrogen exhibited better performance in terms of yield and its attributes as compared to control. It was observed that application of Rhizobium+PSB+100% nitrogen followed by Rhizobium+PSB+75% nitrogen had maximum vigour potential in terms of test weight, seed density, standard germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index, lower electrical conductivity as compared to control. The higher antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POD, SOD and dehydrogenase) were recorded in the treatment combination of Rhizobium+PSB+100% nitrogen followed by Rhizobium+PSB+75% nitrogen in comparison to rest of treatments. Nutrient combination of Rhizobium+PSB+100% nitrogen showed maximum speed of emergence, seedling establishment and minimum mean emergence time. Seeds of all the treatment combinations were stored for fifteen months in plastic bags and seed quality was evaluated after five, ten and fifteen month’s interval. It was noticed that seed vigour and quality was negatively affected during storage. Though all the treatments showed decline in vigour but less decline was recorded in the treatment Rhizobium+PSB+100% nitrogen as compared to other treatments after fifteen months of storage. After estimating antioxidant enzyme activities it was found that there activities were declined during ambient storage, however the maximum activity after fifteen months of storage was recorded in the treatment Rhizobium+PSB+100% nitrogen. The freshly harvested seeds of all the treatments were subjected to artificial ageing at 40±1 °C for 72 h and were again assessed for seed quality and antioxidant enzyme activities. After artificial ageing it was noticed that treatment combination of Rhizobium+PSB+100% nitrogen followed by Rhizobium+PSB+75% nitrogen showed better performance in all the seed quality parameters and maximum antioxidant enzyme activities in comparison to other treatments.
Open Access
Conventional & chemical approach for varietal identification and seed vigour studies in Indian mustard. [Brassica juncea (L.)Czern.& Coss.]
(CCSHAU, 2017) Rai, Himanshu; Dahiya, O.S.
The present study entitled “Conventional & chemical approach for varietal identification and seed vigour studies in Indian mustard. [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.]” was conducted on 20 Indian mustard varieties which were grown during Rabi 2014-2015 and 2015-16 to characterize them on the basis of morphological characters and chemical methods and to evaluate their seed vigour. The study revealed that morphological characters viz., leaf hairness, leaf colour, leaf lobes, leaf number of lobes, time of flowering (50%), leaf length, leaf width, flower colour of petals, plant main shoot length, plant height, siliqua texture, siliqua length, siliqua number on main shoot, number of seed per siliqua, maturity period, seed colour and test weight were the most important diagnostic characters which provide an excellent system of variety identification in Indian mustard in field condition. Based on chemical tests, Phenol test grouped varieties into three distinct groups viz., dark reddish brown (12varieties), dark grey (6 varieties) and dark red (2 varieties).The modified phenol test grouped these varieties into further sub groups viz., dark brown (6 varieties), brown (7 varieties), reddish brown (4 varieties) and strong brown (3 varieties). Potassium hydroxide test (KOH) grouped varieties into dark brown (6 varieties), brown colour (5 varieties) and light brown (9 varieties). These tests clearly differentiated one group variety from another groups on the basis of seed coat colour. Based on peroxidase test the varieties showed high (9 varieties), medium (8 varieties) and low (3 varieties) activity of peroxidase enzyme while 2,4-D auxin test revealed that the varieties were tolerant (4 varieties), susceptible (8 varieties) and highly susceptible (8 varieties). Among the 20 varieties RH30, Kranti, Varuna, NRCDR601 and RH819 showed superiority for almost all viability and vigour parameters while the varieties NRCHB101, RB50, RH0119, RH0406 and RH8113 proved to be inferior. All the seed quality parameters were found to have significant and positive correlation with standard germination and seedling establishment whereas negative and significant association with electrical conductivity and mean emergence time. Dehydrogenase activity, tetrazolium test and electrical conductivity were found to be most efficient for prediction of standard germination while dehydrogenase activity, standard germination, electrical conductivity test and accelerated ageing test were found to be most reliable tests to predict seedling establishment in the field.
Open Access
Effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield, quality and storability in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
(CCSHAU, 2017) Ovais Hamid, Peerzada; Dahiya, O.S.
The present investigation was carried out at the Department of Seed Science and Technology. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to assess the effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield, quality and storability in fenugreek. The material comprised of a single variety “Hisar Suvarna” which was grown in the research farm of Department of Vegetable Science with seventeen treatment combinations of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers. All the treatment combinations were evaluated for different seed yield, quality, and storability parameters. Among the treatments, Rhizobium+PSB+75% recommended dose of nitrogen showed better performance in terms of yield and its components as compared to control. It was found that seeds with the application of Rhizobium+PSB+75% nitrogen followed by Rhizobium+100% nitrogen had higher vigour potential in terms of test weight, seed density, germination percent, seedling length, seedling dry weight, lower electrical conductivity as compared to control. The treatment Rhizobium+PSB+75% nitrogen followed by PSB+100% nitrogen showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POD, SOD) in comparison to other treatment combinations. Higher speed of emergence, seedling establishment and lower mean emergence time was observed in nutrient combination of PSB+100% nitrogen. Seeds of all the treatment combinations were stored for eighteen months in plastic containers and seed quality was evaluated after six, twelve and eighteen months interval. It was observed that storage affected seed vigour and seed quality adversely. Though all the treatments showed decrease in vigour but less decrease was found in the treatment Rhizobium+PSB+75% nitrogen in comparison to other treatments after eighteen months of storage. After evaluating antioxidant enzyme activities it was observed that activities of these enzymes decreased during ambient storage, however the highest activity after eighteen months of storage was observed in the treatment PSB+100% nitrogen. The freshly harvested seeds of all the treatment combinations were subjected to artificial ageing at 40±1 °C for 72 h and were again evualted for seed quality and antioxidant enzyme activities. After artificial ageing it was observed that the treatment combination of Rhizobium+PSB+75% nitrogen followed by PSB+100% nitrogen showed better performance in all the seed quality parameters and higher antioxidant enzyme activities as compared to rest of treatments.
Open Access
Effect of integrated crop management on seed yield, quality and storability in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
(CCSHAU, 2017) Jitender; Punia, R.C.
The study was planned to assess the effect of integrated crop management on seed yield, quality and storability in mungbean. Sixteen treatment combinations were evaluated for different seed yield, quality, and storability parameters. Significant mean squares values showed the wide variability among the treatments and both seasons for all the parameters studied. Among the treatments, RDF+RWM+RPM followed by RDF+Biomix had the top rank for almost all the seed yield, quality and storability except electrical conductivity and mean emergence time which showed the lower value indicating their superiority in both the season(summer and kharif 2015). On the contrary, control found to be inferior for most of the seed yield, quality and storability parameters except days to maturity. Among the seasons, seed yield and its components were better in kharif season as compared to summer season. Seed produced in summer season showed superiority over kharif for seed quality and storability parameters. Seed yield and plant height were found significantly and positively correlated with its components. Standard germination and seedling establishment were found significantly and positively correlated with all the seed quality parameters except electrical conductivity and mean emergence time in both the seasons. Electrical conductivity was found significantly and negatively associated with all parameters studied in lab and field. Therefore, it is concluded that pH exudate, electrical conductivity test and dehydrogenase activity test can be used as a quick reliable predictor of standard germination and seedling establishment in mungbean. Higher seed yield was obtained in kharif season but summer season could be considered better option for the production of basic seed due to its superiority for almost all the seed quality parameters.
Open Access
Evaluation of seed vigour parameters for heat tolerance in bread wheat
(CCSHAU, 2014) Arun Kumar; Dahiya, O.S.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely adapted crop. It is grown from temperate, irrigated to dry and high-rain-fall areas and from warm, humid to dry, cold environments. The genetic purity, physical purity, viability, vigour and uniform seed size are the most important parameters to determine the quality of seed. High seed germination and vigour are pre- requisites for the success of stand establishment of crop plants. Generally stress (moisture/heat) has deleterious effect on germination and vigour of crop.The present investigation was carried out at the department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The material comprised of six each heat tolerant and susceptible varieties which were sown on two date i.e. normal (19th, 20th November) and late sown (19th, 20th December). The observations were recorded at grain filling stage (heading to maturity). Heat tolerant varieties had performed better at different stages of seed development in comparison to susceptible. Heat tolerant varieties were found significantly higher for seed weight, seed moisture content, germination, seedling length, vigour index-I & II, seedling dry weight and than susceptible varieties under normal and late sowing condition in both the year. Heat tolerant varieties were recorded significantly lower for days to heading, physiological and harvestable maturity. It means heat tolerant varieties mature earlier than susceptible. Commonly varieties had performed better for all characters studied in normal than late sowing at all stages of seed development. Heat tolerant varieties recorded higher for membrane Thermostability and lower for chlorophyll fluorescence. This might be effect of heat stress during seed development. Both vigour index-I and II were significantly and negatively correlated with maximum, minimum and difference of temperature but positively with sunshine hour and relative humidity in both the years of data recording. It means that as optimum temperature for cultivation of wheat is increasing then vigour of the seed will be decreases. For normal as well as late sown heat tolerant varieties having more DHA, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity at all stages than heat susceptible. All stress enzyme activity was higher in late than normal sowing which was in concurrence with high temperature during seed development. Number of grains per spike (average of five plants), number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant was higher for normal sown than late sown in both the year. Varieties have performed better in second year than in first year. Heat tolerant has performed better than susceptible for almost all agronomic traits. Based on both the tests it can infer that there was better relative storability of the variety for normal than late sowing over the years at all stages of storage.

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