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2022 - 20235
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Subject: Plant Physiology × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological and biochemical evaluation of rice genotypes under aerobic and anaerobic direct seeded conditions
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Goyal, Alisha; Sharma, P. C.
    A total of 44 rice genotypes were evaluated in controlled and field conditions with three replications over two seasons (2020 and 2021) at ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal to study the physiological and biochemical attributes of rice genotypes under aerobic and anaerobic direct seeded conditions for which three experiments were performed. In the 1st exp. based on germination (%), shoot length, root length, seedling length, seedling vigor index, alpha amylase activity and sucrose synthase activity, genotypes CSR 53, PS5, IR-4630-CSR11-175 and CSR 2748-4441-195 were the best performer under aerobic and anaerobic direct seeded conditions respectively. In the 2nd exp., best performing genotypes were CSR MAGIC-167, CSR 49 and CRS 56 based on gas exchange attributes, NDVI, CT, CAT, POX, APX and yield traits i.e. 1000 grain weight, spikelet fertility, total no. of tillers per plant, panicle length, biomass and grain yield under direct seeded condition. Overall, on the basis of physiological, biochemical and yield traits, two genotypes were selected for proteomic experiment in which total no. of proteins were found more in tolerant genotype CSR MAGIC-167 (1050, 1152) as compared to sensitive genotype CSR 27SM-132 (814, 794) under both DSR and non-DSR conditions respectively. Total 195 proteins were differentially expressed under DSR condition out of which 90 proteins were up-regulated and 119 proteins were down-regulated whereas in non-DSR condition, 288 proteins were differentially expressed out of which 105 proteins were up-regulated and 169 proteins were down-regulated. The KEGG pathway of DEPs revealed that a number of pathways are involved in DSR condition but none in non-DSR condition viz., methane metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, RNA degradation, fatty acid degradation, alpha- linolenic acid metabolism etc. Further, these lines need to be evaluated in larger and multilocation trails of AICRP under DSR conditions, so that stable and best performing lines could be released as commercial varieties for direct seeded conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enhancing physiological efficiency and yield potential of Indian mustard using hydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed condition
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Neelam Rani; Neeraj Kumar
    The present investigation entitled ―Enhancing physiological efficiency and yield potential of indian mustard usinghydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed condition‖ was conducted at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. The crop was grown in the Research Farm of Oilseeds Section, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during two successive Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 which is situated at a latitude of 29° 10‘N and longitude 75° 46' E and altitude 215.2 m above main water level and falls within the semitropical region of Western zone of India. A field experiment was conducted to judge the effective dose of hydrogel , gond katira and salicylic acid for increasing the physiological processes, productivity, quality, and water-use efficiency of Indian mustard in rainfed conditions. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations. Among these treatments, the application of hydrogel @ 5kg/ha + SA (200ppm) at the flowering and siliqua formation stage had a positive impact on the physiological processes of the crop under rainfed conditions. The data was recorded for growth, physiological, biochemical and yield parameters, which had a positive impact on the application of hydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed conditions. The growth and phenology of Indian mustard are negatively affected by rainfed conditions. By applying hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha and SA at 200ppm during the flowering and siliqua formation stage, there was a significant increase of 12.8% in plant height, 5.6% in days to 50% flowering, and 9.3% in days to physiological maturity. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, RWC, water potential, osmotic potential, quantum yield, CSI, and chlorophyll index were decreased by 51.4%, 88.1%, 86%, 27.4%, 25.7%, 28.3%, 35.6%, 39.6%, and 49.3%, respectively. In contrast, the anthocyanin index and flavonol index were increased by 78.7% and 33.7%, respectively, when compared to irrigated conditions. However, the application of hydrogel @ 5kg/ha + SA(200ppm) during the flowering and siliqua formation stage resulted in a significant improvement in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, RWC, water potential, osmotic potential, quantum yield, CSI, and chlorophyll index by 9.4%, 10%, 9.3%, 24.7%, 25.4%, 22%, 28.6%, 37%, 46.8%, respectively, with a decrease in anthocyanin index and flavonol index by 69.6% and 31%, respectively, when compared to other corresponding treatments. These results were supported by the biochemical results viz. H2O2, MDA, RSI, TSS, proline, glycine betaine, reduced ascorbate, and reduced glutathione content, antioxidant enzyme activities like SOD, CAT, and APX that decreased in treated plants as compared to their respective control, Meanwhile, there was an improvement in oxidized ascorbate and oxidized glutathione contents after applying hydrogel and salicylic acid which may be the contributing factors for yield increment. Yield attributes includethe number of primary and secondary branches, main shoot length, the number of siliqua, seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, stover yield and harvest index decreases due to unavailability of water in the soil under normal conditions.However, the application of hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha combined with SA (200ppm) during the flowering and siliqua formation stage led to a significant increase in yield attributes by 43%, 23.7%, 23.5%, 82.7%, 32.2%, 15.2%, 15.4%, 14.2%, 13.3%, and 2.3% respectively, when compared to control treatment. When hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha is applied along with SA (200ppm) at flowering and siliqua formation stage over rainfed, higher soil moisture levels are maintained at all soil depths, including 0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm. From our results, it is concluded that hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha is applied along with SA (200ppm) at flowering and siliqua formation stage results in higher yields, with better physiological efficiencies as this concentration maintains the best plant water relations and source to sink strength which is self-explanatory in our results.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ethylene-induced evaluation of heat tolerance and stay-green trait in bread wheat
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-10) Soni, Aarti; Munjal, Renu
    The present study entitled ―Ethylene-induced evaluation of heat tolerance and stay-green trait in bread wheat‖ was conducted in three experiments. First experiment was conducted in the field of the wheat research area of the Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding with 30 wheat genotypes during rabi 2018-19 under late and very late environments. Second experiment was carried out with seedling of three genotypes (BWL 5391, HTW 64 and WH 1124) selected out of 30 genotypes based on their performance in fields along with source and inhibitor of ethylene, in the growth chamber at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2019-20. Seedlings were studied for biochemical traits, including ROS, H2O2, protease, MDA, MTS, FRSA, chlorophyll, and proline. A third experiment was carried out applying AVG and ethrel with the same three genotypes at the net house of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2019–20 under late and very late environments. SG characteristics such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), Leaf Senescence Rate (LSR), Chlorophyll Fluorescence and yield & its attributes were recorded in the field as well as in the nethouse. From the field experiment, genotypes were characterized into three categories viz slow senescing, intermediate slow senescing and fast senescing based on their rate of senescence. The results indicate that the slow senescing genotype had a significantly higher yield as compared to the fast-senescing genotype. Among 30 genotypes, BWL 5391, BWL 5179, BWL5233, BWL 5388 and BWL 5422 were the SG genotypes and also had higher grain yield. AVG treatment at the seedling stage was significantly more effective for providing tolerance to heat stress as indicated by high proline, FRSA, low MDA and ROS. Foliar spray of 2ppm AVG at 50% heading stage was found effective for increasing grain yield in WH 1124 under LS environment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Silicon induced amelioration of salinity stress through physiological and biochemical alterations in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. wilczek) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Sinky; Sharma, Kamal Dutt
    The present investigation was conducted under two experiments one on mungbean (MH 318) and other on wheat (WH 1223) crop grown in earthen pots under screen-house conditions of Botany and Plant Physiology department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to study ef fect of silicon application on plant growth characterestics, gas exchange attributes, biochemical changes, yield and its attributes and nutrient uptake under control and salinity stress conditions. The experiment was laid out in CRD consisting of three chloride dominated salinity levels i.e., 0 dS/m, 4dS/m and 6dS/m stress in mungbean and 0, 5dS/m, 10dS/m in wheat. Silicon was applied in the form of sodium meta-silicate (Na2SiO3.5H20) through soil application before sowing in mungbean (50 ppm) and in wheat (80 ppm) and foliar application of 50, 100 ppm in mungbean and 100, 150 ppm in wheat. Salinity stress decreased the growth of mungbean and wheat by affecting morphophysiological and biochemical traits a nd nutrient uptake of the crop. The plant water relation parameters such as leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, RWC and gas exchange attributes were negatively affected under salinity stress condition. Chlorophyll stability index and membrane stability index decreased with increasing salinity stress. However, silicon application increased the growth parameters under control as well as under salinity stress condition in both the crops. A significant increase in the activity of SOD, CAT, POX and total antioxidant activity occur under salinity stress and silicon treatments further enhanced their level indicating the role of silicon in enhancing antioxidant capacity of the crop. Silicon application enhanced the K, Fe, Zn and Si content in different plant parts and reduced the uptake of Na, Cl. Silicon application improved the yield and its attributes by maintaining plants water status and various physiological and biochemical processes and nutrient uptake. Foliar application of 100ppm silicon was found more effective in mungbean and 150ppm foliar application in wheat compared to other treatments. Grain/seed yield showed significant positive correlation with different physio–biochemical and yield components such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence but SOD, CAT and POX showed negative correlation with yield and other yield attributes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and silicon on key physiological & biochemical attributes in Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress
    (hisar, 2022-12) Jangra, Manish; Sarita Devi
    The current study, entitled "Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and silicon on key physiological & biochemical attributes in Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress," was conducted in the screen house during the kharif season of 2019 and 2020. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (7.5 and 10 dS m-1 of NaCl) were maintained in soil by saturation of each pot. After 60 days of sowing (DAS), foliar applications of salicylic acid (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM), silicon (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM) and their combinations SA + Si (SA 1.0 mM x Si 1.0 mM, SA 1.5 mM x Si 1.0 mM, SA 1.0 mM x Si 1.5 mM and SA 1.5 mM x Si 1.5 mM) were given in each level of salt stress in all varieties (HJ 513, HJ 541 and HC 308). Data collection was carried out one week after foliar spray (67 DAS). On the 19th of July 2019 and the 23rd of July 2020, seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were sown in pots under screen house conditions. All the studies were carried out in the stress physiology laboratory of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, cotton section GP&B, CCS HAU Hisar and CSSRI, Karnal. Growth indices, in terms of plant height, fresh weight per plant, dried weight per plant, leaf number and leaf area, salt stress restricted the growth of sorghum varieties (HJ 513, HJ 541 and HC 308). Treatment with salicylic acid, silicon and their combinations, on the other hand, improved the growth parameters values under stress conditions. With increasing salt levels, plant water relations, gaseous exchange studies, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll content (SPAD units), photochemical quantum yield and total protein content all reduced. Regardless of salt stress, salicylic acid, silicon and their combinations increased plant water status, gaseous exchange studies, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll content (SPAD units), photochemical quantum yield and total protein content. With increasing levels of salt stress, electrolyte leakage, MDA content, H2O2 and HCN content increased, whereas the foliar application of salicylic acid, silicon and their combinations lowered these above quantities under salt stress in all varieties. Under salt stress, antioxidative enzymes and osmolytes specific activity rose in all varieties, but treatment of salicylic acid (1.5 mM), silicon (1.5mM) and their combinations improved these values even more in all varieties. Up to 20 differentially expressed protein spots with an expression shift of more than 1.1-fold compared to control were identified in treated sorghum, i.e., salt stress (7.5 dS m-1), silicon (1.5 mM) and salicylic acid (1.5 mM). Salt stress lowered seed yield, biological yield and harvest index considerably. In all types of sorghum, salicylic acid, silicon and their combinations boost yield characteristics and yield through maintaining plant water status and different physiological and biochemical processes.