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20232
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Subject: Plant Physiology × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological and biochemical evaluation of rice genotypes under aerobic and anaerobic direct seeded conditions
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Goyal, Alisha; Sharma, P. C.
    A total of 44 rice genotypes were evaluated in controlled and field conditions with three replications over two seasons (2020 and 2021) at ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal to study the physiological and biochemical attributes of rice genotypes under aerobic and anaerobic direct seeded conditions for which three experiments were performed. In the 1st exp. based on germination (%), shoot length, root length, seedling length, seedling vigor index, alpha amylase activity and sucrose synthase activity, genotypes CSR 53, PS5, IR-4630-CSR11-175 and CSR 2748-4441-195 were the best performer under aerobic and anaerobic direct seeded conditions respectively. In the 2nd exp., best performing genotypes were CSR MAGIC-167, CSR 49 and CRS 56 based on gas exchange attributes, NDVI, CT, CAT, POX, APX and yield traits i.e. 1000 grain weight, spikelet fertility, total no. of tillers per plant, panicle length, biomass and grain yield under direct seeded condition. Overall, on the basis of physiological, biochemical and yield traits, two genotypes were selected for proteomic experiment in which total no. of proteins were found more in tolerant genotype CSR MAGIC-167 (1050, 1152) as compared to sensitive genotype CSR 27SM-132 (814, 794) under both DSR and non-DSR conditions respectively. Total 195 proteins were differentially expressed under DSR condition out of which 90 proteins were up-regulated and 119 proteins were down-regulated whereas in non-DSR condition, 288 proteins were differentially expressed out of which 105 proteins were up-regulated and 169 proteins were down-regulated. The KEGG pathway of DEPs revealed that a number of pathways are involved in DSR condition but none in non-DSR condition viz., methane metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, RNA degradation, fatty acid degradation, alpha- linolenic acid metabolism etc. Further, these lines need to be evaluated in larger and multilocation trails of AICRP under DSR conditions, so that stable and best performing lines could be released as commercial varieties for direct seeded conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enhancing physiological efficiency and yield potential of Indian mustard using hydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed condition
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Neelam Rani; Neeraj Kumar
    The present investigation entitled ―Enhancing physiological efficiency and yield potential of indian mustard usinghydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed condition‖ was conducted at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. The crop was grown in the Research Farm of Oilseeds Section, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during two successive Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 which is situated at a latitude of 29° 10‘N and longitude 75° 46' E and altitude 215.2 m above main water level and falls within the semitropical region of Western zone of India. A field experiment was conducted to judge the effective dose of hydrogel , gond katira and salicylic acid for increasing the physiological processes, productivity, quality, and water-use efficiency of Indian mustard in rainfed conditions. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations. Among these treatments, the application of hydrogel @ 5kg/ha + SA (200ppm) at the flowering and siliqua formation stage had a positive impact on the physiological processes of the crop under rainfed conditions. The data was recorded for growth, physiological, biochemical and yield parameters, which had a positive impact on the application of hydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed conditions. The growth and phenology of Indian mustard are negatively affected by rainfed conditions. By applying hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha and SA at 200ppm during the flowering and siliqua formation stage, there was a significant increase of 12.8% in plant height, 5.6% in days to 50% flowering, and 9.3% in days to physiological maturity. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, RWC, water potential, osmotic potential, quantum yield, CSI, and chlorophyll index were decreased by 51.4%, 88.1%, 86%, 27.4%, 25.7%, 28.3%, 35.6%, 39.6%, and 49.3%, respectively. In contrast, the anthocyanin index and flavonol index were increased by 78.7% and 33.7%, respectively, when compared to irrigated conditions. However, the application of hydrogel @ 5kg/ha + SA(200ppm) during the flowering and siliqua formation stage resulted in a significant improvement in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, RWC, water potential, osmotic potential, quantum yield, CSI, and chlorophyll index by 9.4%, 10%, 9.3%, 24.7%, 25.4%, 22%, 28.6%, 37%, 46.8%, respectively, with a decrease in anthocyanin index and flavonol index by 69.6% and 31%, respectively, when compared to other corresponding treatments. These results were supported by the biochemical results viz. H2O2, MDA, RSI, TSS, proline, glycine betaine, reduced ascorbate, and reduced glutathione content, antioxidant enzyme activities like SOD, CAT, and APX that decreased in treated plants as compared to their respective control, Meanwhile, there was an improvement in oxidized ascorbate and oxidized glutathione contents after applying hydrogel and salicylic acid which may be the contributing factors for yield increment. Yield attributes includethe number of primary and secondary branches, main shoot length, the number of siliqua, seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, stover yield and harvest index decreases due to unavailability of water in the soil under normal conditions.However, the application of hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha combined with SA (200ppm) during the flowering and siliqua formation stage led to a significant increase in yield attributes by 43%, 23.7%, 23.5%, 82.7%, 32.2%, 15.2%, 15.4%, 14.2%, 13.3%, and 2.3% respectively, when compared to control treatment. When hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha is applied along with SA (200ppm) at flowering and siliqua formation stage over rainfed, higher soil moisture levels are maintained at all soil depths, including 0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm. From our results, it is concluded that hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha is applied along with SA (200ppm) at flowering and siliqua formation stage results in higher yields, with better physiological efficiencies as this concentration maintains the best plant water relations and source to sink strength which is self-explanatory in our results.