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20225
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Subject: Plant Physiology × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mitigation of salt stress using exogenous ortho-silicic acid and analysing its effect on physiological traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07-19) Pankaj; Sarita Devi
    The present study entitled “Mitigation of salt stress using exogenous ortho-silicic acid and analysing its effect on physiological traits in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)” was investigated in the screen house during the kharif season of 2021. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (control, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) were maintained by saturating each pot. Seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were grown in pots under screen house conditions on 16th July 2021. Ortho-silicic acid (1.5 and 2.5 ppm) was applied exogenously after 30 days after sowing (DAS) under stressed as well as non-stressed plants in both genotypes (CSV33MF and SSG 59-3). Sampling was done at 40 DAS and at the time of harvest. Growth parameters decreased with increasing levels of salt stress, whereas foliar application of ortho-silicic acid enhanced the growth of plants. Similarly, physiological parameters of leaf were enhanced after the application of ortho-silicic acid which were negatively affected by salt stress. Plant water relation, gaseous exchange studies, chlorophyll index and photochemical quantum yield also showed declining trend from control to 8 dS m-1 of salt level in both genotypes, but more percent decrease was observed at 8 dS m- 1 of salt stress like in ψw (71.83%), ψs (55.29), photosynthetic rate (46.45%), transpiration rate (93.22%) and stomatal conductance (84.21%) in SSG 59-3, over their respective control. The values ranged from 8.89 to 6.61, 25.9 to 22.4 and 52.6 to 51.5 in protein, fiber and in- vitro dry matter digestibility, respectively, at 8 dS m-1 of salt stress in CSV33MF at 40 DAS. Application of OSA helped in the maintenance of plant water status, enhanced the exchange of gases and chlorophyll index irrespective of salt stress in both genotypes. Reversibly, electrolyte leakage and ash content enhanced with every increment of salt stress but application of OSA ameliorated the adverse effect of salt stress to some extent. Increment in Na+ but a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content was noted under salt stress. While, the reverse trend was noticed after application of OSA. In nut shell, sorghum genotypes CSV33MF and SSG 59-3 performed better under salt stress and showed better response in alleviating salt stress with foliar application of 2.5 ppm ortho-silicic acid.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient uptake in wheat grown under timely, late and very late sown conditions
    (CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Rawal, Bharti; Anita Kumari
    The present investigation was conducted with six wheat genotypes viz. WH147, WH711, WH 1105, WH 1184 WH1021 and HD2967 grown to study the photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient uptake and other physiological traits under timely (TS), late (LS) and very late (VLS) conditions on six wheat genotypes, during rabi season of 2021-22 at screen house, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar. Data were recorded for various morphological traits including number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g), plant biomass (g), heat susceptibility index. The physiological parameters include canopy temperature, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, anothocynin content, NPK content were studied. Reduction in physiological parameters, growth and yield components was observed in all genotypes under LS and VLS in all genotypes. Photosynthetic rate, maximum in WH1021 followed by HD2967 at 7 and 14 DAA under TS, LS and VLS conditions. Wheat variety HD2967 showed maximum N, P, K content followed by WH1021 under TS, LS and VLS conditions. Plant biomass was maximum in HD2967 followed by WH711 and WH1021. However grain yield (g/plant) and 1000 grain weight was reported maximum in HD2967 followed by WH1021, WH1184, WH1105, WH711 and WH147. Similar results were observed for 1000 grain weight under LS and VLS conditions. Wheat genotype HD2967 followed WH1021 can be considered as heat tolerant on the basis of less reduction in growth, physiological traits, yield and its attributes under LS and VLS as compared to TS conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ethylene-induced evaluation of heat tolerance and stay-green trait in bread wheat
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-10) Soni, Aarti; Munjal, Renu
    The present study entitled ―Ethylene-induced evaluation of heat tolerance and stay-green trait in bread wheat‖ was conducted in three experiments. First experiment was conducted in the field of the wheat research area of the Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding with 30 wheat genotypes during rabi 2018-19 under late and very late environments. Second experiment was carried out with seedling of three genotypes (BWL 5391, HTW 64 and WH 1124) selected out of 30 genotypes based on their performance in fields along with source and inhibitor of ethylene, in the growth chamber at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2019-20. Seedlings were studied for biochemical traits, including ROS, H2O2, protease, MDA, MTS, FRSA, chlorophyll, and proline. A third experiment was carried out applying AVG and ethrel with the same three genotypes at the net house of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2019–20 under late and very late environments. SG characteristics such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), Leaf Senescence Rate (LSR), Chlorophyll Fluorescence and yield & its attributes were recorded in the field as well as in the nethouse. From the field experiment, genotypes were characterized into three categories viz slow senescing, intermediate slow senescing and fast senescing based on their rate of senescence. The results indicate that the slow senescing genotype had a significantly higher yield as compared to the fast-senescing genotype. Among 30 genotypes, BWL 5391, BWL 5179, BWL5233, BWL 5388 and BWL 5422 were the SG genotypes and also had higher grain yield. AVG treatment at the seedling stage was significantly more effective for providing tolerance to heat stress as indicated by high proline, FRSA, low MDA and ROS. Foliar spray of 2ppm AVG at 50% heading stage was found effective for increasing grain yield in WH 1124 under LS environment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Silicon induced amelioration of salinity stress through physiological and biochemical alterations in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. wilczek) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Sinky; Sharma, Kamal Dutt
    The present investigation was conducted under two experiments one on mungbean (MH 318) and other on wheat (WH 1223) crop grown in earthen pots under screen-house conditions of Botany and Plant Physiology department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to study ef fect of silicon application on plant growth characterestics, gas exchange attributes, biochemical changes, yield and its attributes and nutrient uptake under control and salinity stress conditions. The experiment was laid out in CRD consisting of three chloride dominated salinity levels i.e., 0 dS/m, 4dS/m and 6dS/m stress in mungbean and 0, 5dS/m, 10dS/m in wheat. Silicon was applied in the form of sodium meta-silicate (Na2SiO3.5H20) through soil application before sowing in mungbean (50 ppm) and in wheat (80 ppm) and foliar application of 50, 100 ppm in mungbean and 100, 150 ppm in wheat. Salinity stress decreased the growth of mungbean and wheat by affecting morphophysiological and biochemical traits a nd nutrient uptake of the crop. The plant water relation parameters such as leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, RWC and gas exchange attributes were negatively affected under salinity stress condition. Chlorophyll stability index and membrane stability index decreased with increasing salinity stress. However, silicon application increased the growth parameters under control as well as under salinity stress condition in both the crops. A significant increase in the activity of SOD, CAT, POX and total antioxidant activity occur under salinity stress and silicon treatments further enhanced their level indicating the role of silicon in enhancing antioxidant capacity of the crop. Silicon application enhanced the K, Fe, Zn and Si content in different plant parts and reduced the uptake of Na, Cl. Silicon application improved the yield and its attributes by maintaining plants water status and various physiological and biochemical processes and nutrient uptake. Foliar application of 100ppm silicon was found more effective in mungbean and 150ppm foliar application in wheat compared to other treatments. Grain/seed yield showed significant positive correlation with different physio–biochemical and yield components such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence but SOD, CAT and POX showed negative correlation with yield and other yield attributes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and silicon on key physiological & biochemical attributes in Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress
    (hisar, 2022-12) Jangra, Manish; Sarita Devi
    The current study, entitled "Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and silicon on key physiological & biochemical attributes in Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress," was conducted in the screen house during the kharif season of 2019 and 2020. Before sowing, the desired levels of salt stress (7.5 and 10 dS m-1 of NaCl) were maintained in soil by saturation of each pot. After 60 days of sowing (DAS), foliar applications of salicylic acid (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM), silicon (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM) and their combinations SA + Si (SA 1.0 mM x Si 1.0 mM, SA 1.5 mM x Si 1.0 mM, SA 1.0 mM x Si 1.5 mM and SA 1.5 mM x Si 1.5 mM) were given in each level of salt stress in all varieties (HJ 513, HJ 541 and HC 308). Data collection was carried out one week after foliar spray (67 DAS). On the 19th of July 2019 and the 23rd of July 2020, seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. were sown in pots under screen house conditions. All the studies were carried out in the stress physiology laboratory of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, cotton section GP&B, CCS HAU Hisar and CSSRI, Karnal. Growth indices, in terms of plant height, fresh weight per plant, dried weight per plant, leaf number and leaf area, salt stress restricted the growth of sorghum varieties (HJ 513, HJ 541 and HC 308). Treatment with salicylic acid, silicon and their combinations, on the other hand, improved the growth parameters values under stress conditions. With increasing salt levels, plant water relations, gaseous exchange studies, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll content (SPAD units), photochemical quantum yield and total protein content all reduced. Regardless of salt stress, salicylic acid, silicon and their combinations increased plant water status, gaseous exchange studies, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll content (SPAD units), photochemical quantum yield and total protein content. With increasing levels of salt stress, electrolyte leakage, MDA content, H2O2 and HCN content increased, whereas the foliar application of salicylic acid, silicon and their combinations lowered these above quantities under salt stress in all varieties. Under salt stress, antioxidative enzymes and osmolytes specific activity rose in all varieties, but treatment of salicylic acid (1.5 mM), silicon (1.5mM) and their combinations improved these values even more in all varieties. Up to 20 differentially expressed protein spots with an expression shift of more than 1.1-fold compared to control were identified in treated sorghum, i.e., salt stress (7.5 dS m-1), silicon (1.5 mM) and salicylic acid (1.5 mM). Salt stress lowered seed yield, biological yield and harvest index considerably. In all types of sorghum, salicylic acid, silicon and their combinations boost yield characteristics and yield through maintaining plant water status and different physiological and biochemical processes.