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ThesisItem Open Access Amelioration of salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by inoculation of ACC deaminase-containing mesorhizobia and rhizobacteria(CCSHAU, 2013) Chaudhary, Deepika; Sindhu, S.S.Chickpea is a major legume crop grown in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Salinity mainly affects plant growth by decreasing the availability of water to the roots due to osmotic effect of external salts. Salinity also influences other physiological processes such as seed germination, photosynthesis, respiration and metabolite accumulation. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial as inoculants have been reported to facilitate plant growth in saline lands. Fifty isolates of Mesorhizobium were obtained from the nodules of chickpea plant samples and fifty five isolates of rhizobacteria were obtained from the chickpea rhizosphere soil collected from different part of Haryana. Among the fifty Mesorhizobium isolates, only four isolates i.e., MHD2, MSD41, MHD12 and MHD14 showed growth up to 4% NaCl salt concentration whereas 28 isolates among the 55 rhizobacterial isolates showed growth up to 4% salt with different colony size. Two Mesorhizobium isolates i.e., MHD1 and MHD12 and six rhizobacterial isolates i.e., RSD17, RSD19, RSD23, RBD12, RHD2 and RHD18 showed significant growth on ACC supplemented plates as compared to ammonium sulphate incorporated medium plates. Inoculation of selected Mesorhizobium or rhizobacterial isolates on sterilized chickpea seeds in water agar plates showed that isolate KR48 showed maximum growth of seedling roots at 5 days whereas MBD26 showed maximum growth of shoot at 10 days. Isolates RHD18, RSD3, RBD12 and RSD23 showed significant stimulation of shoot growth even at 8 dS/m salt concentration as compared to uninoculated control. Coinoculation studies with ACC+ as well as ACC- isolates of Mesorhizobium and rhizobacterial isolates were made in chickpea cultivar HC-1 under chillum jar conditions containing sloger’s broth with salt (EC, 4dS/m) and without salt. Coinoculation of ACC+ Mesorhizobium isolate MBD26 with rhizobacterial isolate RHD18 produced maximum 59 nodules/plant and 50.6% increase in plant dry weight and in the presence of salt slight decrease in nodulation (49 nodules/plant) and gain in plant dry weight (39.3%) was observed in comparison to single inoculation of MBD26 at 50 days of plant growth. At 80 days of plant growth, coinoculation of both ACC- MBD20 and RBD19 formed 41 nodules/plant and only 7.8% increase in shoot dry weight was observed as compared to the single inoculation. Coinoculation of Mesorhizobium isolate MBD26 with rhizobacterial isolate RHD18 caused increase in nodule number (78 nodules/plant), nodule weight (413 mg/plant) and shoot dry weight (61.7% increase). Whereas in the presence of salt, same treatment formed 53 nodules per plant and caused only 53.2% increase in plant biomass in comparison to single Mesorhizobium inoculated plants at 80 days of plant growth.