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ThesisItem Open Access Parenting stress among parents of normal and disabled children in Haryana state(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Pinki Rani; Chandra Kala SinghThe present study was conducted in Haryana state. Two districts were selected purposively from Haryana state. The location was selected purposively due to availability of sample. 400 parents (both mothers and fathers) were selected for the sample. 200 parents of normal children and 200 parents of disabled children were selected from both the locations. Two types of variables i.e. independent and dependent were taken. The independent variables included socio-economic variable, mental health, personality, self efficacy, parenting satisfaction and social support. Parenting stress was taken as dependent variable. Scheduled was developed and used to assess the socio-economic variable. Mental Health Scale developed by Jagadish and Srivastava (1983) was used to assess the mental health. Big Five Factors of Personality by John et al., 1991 was used to assess the personality. Self efficacy Scale by Sud et al., 1998 was used to measure the self efficacy. Kansas Parenting Satisfaction Scale by Schumm and Hall, 1985 was used to measure the parenting satisfaction. Family Supports scale (FSS) by Dunst et al., 1984 was used to assess the social support. Parenting Stress Index-short form (PSI-SF) developed by Abidin in 1995 was used to assess the parenting stress among parents of normal and disabled children. The present investigation has come out with the results stated that highly significant differences were observed between parents of normal and disabled children. Mothers had higher level of parenting stress as compared to fathers. Negative and significant correlation was observed between parenting stress with self efficacy, mental health, personality, social support and parenting satisfaction. Association of socio-personal factors with parenting stress elucidated that parenting stress was significantly associated with sibling status, age, education, occupation, caste, family size, and family income.ThesisItem Open Access Twin Study on Empirical Intervention to Unravel Nature and Nurture of Intelligence(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-09) Annu; Dhanda, BimlaThe aim of present twin study was to assess the influence of genetic and environment on intelligence of twins. A sample of 150 pairs of twins in the age groups of 3-6 years was attained from 55 villages of Bhiwani district and Hisar district of Haryana state. Intelligence of twins was assessed with help of Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale (Terman and Merrill, 1960), whereas home environment of twins was assessed by using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) (Caldwell and Bradley, 1984) and preschool environment of twins assessed with the help of Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (Thelma et al. 2005). The findings on heritability estimates showed that the influence of genetic on intelligence of twins was more than the environment in both districts. The results of heritability estimates also revealed that the contribution of genetic on intelligence of twins was more in the age group 5-6 years followed by 4-5 years and 3-4 years. The significant associations of intelligence were found with the variables, namely, mother‘s education and occupation, father‘s education and occupation, family size, family income and caste of twins boosted the intelligence of twins. The preschool environment of twins was also significantly associated with intelligence of twins in both Bhiwani and Hisar district. The intervention programme was also enhanced the intelligence of twins from 3-6 years in both Bhiwani and Hisar district. The twin research clearly concluded as the influence of genetic on intelligence of twins was more as compared to environmental factors and impact of genetic increases with increase in age of twins. Home environment of twins was also influential factor for the development of intelligence in twins of both districts.ThesisItem Open Access Social Isolation and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-07) Priyanka; Sangwan, SheelaSocial isolation is a state of complete or near-complete lack of contact between an individual and society. It differs from loneliness, which reflects temporary and involuntary lack of contact with other humans in the world. Social isolation can be an issue for individuals of any age, though symptoms may differ by age group. Cognitive functioning refers to a person's ability to process thoughts. It is defined as "the ability of an individual to perform the various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving. Researchers like Cacioppo and Hawkley (2009) have highlighted the strong association between social isolation and cognitive functioning. This paper investigates the social isolation and cognitive functioning in later life. The effects of depression, anxiety and stress were explored. An intervention programme to improve the cognitive functioning of low performing elderly was imparted. The study was conducted in the rural and urban areas of Hisar, Rohtak and Karnal district of Haryana state. The results revealed that age, education and occupation, marital status and family type significantly influences the respondent’s performance. The socio-personal variables and supporting variables are the strong predictors which influence the social isolation and cognitive functioning of elderly. Depression was found to be significantly correlated with both social isolation and cognitive functioning of elderly. The findings suggest that the imparting the intervention programme may enhance the cognitive functioning in elderly.