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Open Access
Effect of rootstock thickness on wedge grafting in guava (Psidium guajava L.) under different growing conditions
(CCSHAU, 2018) Ashok Kumar; Chahal, Devender
The present investigation entitled “Effect of rootstock thickness on wedge grafting in guava (Psidium guajava L.) under different growing conditions” was conducted during 2017 at Centre for Quality Planting Material, RDS Seed Farm CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment comprised of 18 treatments i.e. three rootstock thickness (<0.8cm, 0.8-1.2cm and >1.2cm) and six growing conditions (polyhouse with polycap, polyhouse without polycap, shade net with polycap, shade net without polycap, open field condition with polycap and open field condition without polycap) with three replication. The results revealed that scion grafted on rootstock with thickness of 0.8-1.2cm took minimum days for bud sprouting and number of days for first leaf opening. Success percentage of grafts was also recorded maximum with rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. Shoot length and its diameter at 60, 90 and 120 days of grafting were registered maximum with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm and closely followed by rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. Number of leaves and leaf area per plant were also observed maximum with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm and closely followed by rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. Similarly, leaf chlorophyll content was observed maximum with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm and closely followed by rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. The maximum fresh and dry weight of shoot, fresh and dry weight of root were observed with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm. Most of the growth traits were observed significantly superior under polyhouse and shade net as comparison to open field condition. Grafts covered with polycap performed better than uncovered grafts under all the growing conditions. Days for graft sprouting and first leaf opening were recorded minimum under polyhouse with polycap. Maximum success percentage of grafts, shoot length and its diameter, number of leaves, leaf area per plant, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root were observed maximum under polyhouse with polycap, followed by shade net. Almost similar leaf chlorophyll contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll) were recorded under polyhouse and open field condition with and without polycap. Overall grafts with rootstock thickness 0.8-1.2 cm and grown under polyhouse with polycap performed comparatively better.
Open Access
Effect of spacing and nitrogen levels on seed production of potato cv. Kufri Khyati
(CCSHAU, 2018) Kamboj, Ankush; Bora, Lila
The experiment entitled “Effect of spacing and nitrogen levels on seed production of potato cv. Kufri Khyati.” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Regional Research Station, Karnal during winter season of 2016-17. The experiment comprising of three plant spacing (60x15, 60x20 and 60x25 cm) and three nitrogen level (100, 125 and 150 N kg/ha) was laid out in a random block design with three replications keeping net plot size 3.6x3.6 m. Five competitive plants were selected randomly from each experimental treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different plant spacing and nitrogen levels. The per cent plant emergence, plant height, number of shoots per hill, number of tubers >25-50 g, >50- 75 g and >75 g grade, yield of tuber up to 25 g, >25-50 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, weight of foliage, yield of seed size tuber, dry matter content of foliage and tubers were statistically higher with nitrogen dose of 150 kg/ha. However, the value for number of tubers per plot up to 25 g grade and harvest index were maximum with nitrogen dose of 125 kg/ha. Different plant spacing exhibited significant difference growth and yield parameters. The maximum value for plant emergence, plant height, number of shoots per hill, weight of foliage, number of tubers up to 25 g, >25-50 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, yield of tubers up to 25 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, dry matter content of foliage and tubers, yield of seed size tubers were maximum with 60x20cm plant spacing. However, yield of tubers >25-50 g was found maximum with plant spacing 60x25 cm and harvest index found maximum with plant spacing 60x15 cm. Significantly highest value was registered for leaf area index, total number of tubers per plot, total number of tubers per hectare, total tuber yield and biological yield with nitrogen 150 kg/ha in combination with spacing of 60x20 cm. Effect of spacing and nitrogen level showed remarkable variation for growth and yield for all the parameters. Kufri Khyati produced highest total tuber yield (305.75 q/ha) when tubers were planted at a spacing 60x20 cm and nitrogen level 150 kg/ha which was followed by total tuber yield of 298.06 q/ha at plant spacing 60x25 cm and nitrogen level 150 kg/ha.
Open Access
Effect of irrigation levels and plant density on growth, flowering, yield and vase life of gladiolus
(CCSHAU, 2018) Prince; Dahiya, D.S.
The experiment comprising of five irrigation levelsand four plant density as treatments in different combinations was conducted atPrecision Farming Development Centre of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17to find out the most effective irrigation level and plant density for gladiolus and to study the effect of irrigation levels and plant density on growth, flowering, yield and vase life of gladiolus. The data were recorded ondays to initiation of sprouting, per cent sprouting, plant height, number of leaves per plant, days taken for emergence of spike, days taken to showing colour of basal floret, days taken to opening of basal floret and fifth floret, length of spike and rachis, number of florets per spike, number of corms per plant, weight of corms per plant, diameter of corm, number of cormels per plant, weight of cormels per plant, water uptake, transpirational loss, diameter of first and fifth floret, weight of spike, vase life of spike, pH of the vase solution and number of the florets opened and unopened. The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis using Randomized Block Design (factorial).The days toinitiation of sprouting and per cent sproutingwere found non-significant. Theplant height, length of spike, length of rachis, number of florets per spike, water uptake and transpirational loss by spikes and number of florets opened during the vase life period were registered maximum under the treatment of12 mm water applied after 10 mm of CPE irrigation level with the plant density of 32 plants/m2, while the number of leaves per plant, diameter of basal and fifth floret, number of corms and cormels per plant, weight of corms and cormels per plant, diameter of corm, diameter of first and fifth floret during vase life period, weight of spike and vase life of gladiolus spikes were recorded maximum under 12 mm water applied after 10 mm of CPE irrigation level with the plant density of 20 plants/m2.The days taken for emergence of spike, showing colour of basal floret and opening of first and fifth floretwerenoted minimum at lowest level of irrigation in combination with plant density of 20 plants/m2.
Open Access
Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth and flower yield of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Yadav, Ritu; Beniwal, B.S.
The present study entitled “Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth and flower yield of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)” cv. Prajwal was carried out during 2017-18 at Botanical Garden, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The investigation composed of two experiment viz., (i) Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth and flower yield of tuberose (three organic manures i.e sand , FYM, vermicompost with different composition, inorganic manures and two biofertilizers i.e., Azotobacter,Pseudomonas sp. with eleven treatments and four replications) (ii) To evaluate plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for growth and flower yield of tuberose (four strains of Bacillus viz., SYB101, RCA3, RCA7, HCA61 and two strains of Pseudomonas viz., CP109, JMM16 and three growing media, i.e., sand, sand+FYM(2:1), sand+vermicompost(3:1) . With the possible combination of organic manures and biofertilizers. Maximum plant height, length of leaves, number of leaves, length of spike, length of rachis, stem diameter, number of florets per spike, number of florets opened per spike, ,spike weight,number of bulbs per clump, diameter of bulb, weight of bulb and minimum florets unopened per spike were observed with the application of sand + vermicompost (4:1) + biofertilizers (Azotobacter&Pseudomonas sp.) . Rhizobacteria and growing media significantly influenced the growth, flowering and bulb characters of tuberose. Among rhizobacteria Pseudomonas sp. CP109 and Bacillus sp. HCA61 significantly increased the growth characters and flower yield of tuberose and among growing media initially sand followed by sand + FYM (2:1) was found best. The result indicates in interaction of rhizobacteria and growing media, Bacillus sp. HCA61 and Pseudomonas sp. CP109 with sand followed by sand + FYM (2:1) were found potent in increasing growth and flower yield of tuberose.
Open Access
Studies on packaging material for guava during transportation
(CCSHAU, 2018) Avesh; Surender Singh
The experiment comprising of nine packaging materials as treatments in different combinations was conducted in Post-harvest Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to find out the most suitable packaging material for guava and to study the effect of packaging material during transportation on shelf life of guava during rainy season of 2017. The data were recorded on physiological loss in weight, decay loss or spoilage, fruit firmness, change in colour, injury, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids to acid ratio, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugar, total sugars, pectin content and organoleptic rating. The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis using Completely Randomized Design (factorial). The physiological loss in weight and decay loss was recorded minimum in sealed poly bags. The total soluble solids, total soluble solids to acid ratio, ascorbic acid content, total sugars, reducing sugars and organoleptic rating were registered maximum and injury and acidity minimum with guava fruits packed in corrugated fibreboard box lined with newspaper cuttings on 2nd day of storage, while the maximum non-reducing sugar and pectin content was registered on 2nd day of storage with guava fruits packed in wooden box lined with paddy straw and wooden box lined with newspaper lining, respectively. The results of the experiment indicate that corrugated fibreboard boxes had a significantly positive influence on most of the recorded parameters.
Open Access
Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality in Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. Blood Red
(CCSHAU, 2018) Bhanukar, Manoj; Rana, G.S.
The experiment entitled “Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. Blood Red” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the years 2016 & 2017 to find out the best concentration of foliar application of different micronutrients and soil application of zinc sulphate in improvement of growth, yield, quality and nutrient status of leaves. The treatments comprising thirteen foliar application of micronutrients and six zinc sulphate soil application were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications keeping a net plot size of 6.0 x 6.0 m separately. The data were recorded on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different levels of micronutrients applied as foliar and soil application. In foliar application of micronutrients experiment, the maximum values of growth parameters viz. plant spread, height, final fruit retention and minimum fruit drop were recorded with ZnSO4 1.00%. The maximum total chlorophyll content and minimum carotenoid content was observed with FeSO4 2.5%. The yield parameters viz. fruit weight, length, breadth, number of fruits per tree and yield were recorded maximum with foliar application of ZnSO4 1.00% whereas; rind thickness and number of seeds per fruit were found non-significant. The quality parameters viz. TSS, TSS/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid were found maximum with foliar application of ZnSO4 1.00% and acidity was found nonsignificant. The nutrient status of leaves was affected significantly with foliar application of micronutrients during may, september and november. The maximum of leaf zinc, iron, manganese and boron content were recorded with ZnSO4 1.00%, FeSO4 2.5%, MnSO4 1.00% and H3BO3 0.3% . In soil application of zinc sulphate experiment, the maximum values of growth parameters viz. plant spread, height, number of flowers per twig, initial fruit set, final fruit retention, total chlorophyll conent and minimum fruit drop, carotenoid content were recorded with ZnSO4 250 g/plant. The yield parameters viz. fruit weight, length, breadth, number of fruits per tree and yield were recorded maximum with soil application of ZnSO4 250 g/plant whereas; rind thickness and number of seeds per fruit were found non-significant. The quality parameters viz. TSS, TSS/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid were found maximum with soil application of ZnSO4 250 g/plant and acidity was found nonsignificant. The zinc content of leaves was affected significantly with soil application of zinc sulphate during march, may, september and november. The maximum of leaf zinc content was recorded with ZnSO4 250 g/plant whereas; leaf iron, manganese and boron content were not affected significantly.
Open Access
Studies on canopy management in high density planting of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Tripathi, Anjali; Sehrawat, S.K.
The present investigation entitled “Studies on canopy management in high density planting of guava (Psidium gujava L.)” was carried out at experimental orchard, Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2016-2017. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 18 treatments i.e. nine different plant spacings 6×2 m, 6×3 m, 6×4 m, 6×5 m, 5×2 m, 5×3 m, 5×4 m, 5×5 m, 6×6 m and two levels of pruning no pruning and 50 per cent shoot pruning of last season growth. The present investigation clearly revealed that 50 per cent shoot pruning of last season growth under high density planting was effective practice to manage the plant canopy, increased yield per unit area and better the fruit quality. Findings revealed that solar radiation interception significantly increased with increasing the plant spacings and pruning levels. Similarly, with increase in plant spacing and pruning level, canopy temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence were increased whereas relative humidity decreased during both the seasons. Solar radiation interception and microclimate parameters (canopy temperature and relative humidity) were significantly affected by the different parts of tree canopy. Upper part of canopy intercepted more solar radiation and canopy temperature and minimum relative humidity was found in upper part of canopy as compared to all other part of canopy. Plant growth parameters like tree trunk cross sectional area, tree spread, canopy volume and shoot length were also found maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) plant and minimum was found in closer spacing (5×2 m) and pruned trees, while maximum tree height recorded in closed spacing and non pruned trees and minimum tree height was observed in wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees. Chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ content of leaf were found maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees while maximum leaf area and leaf area index was recorded in closer spacing (5× 2 m). Maximum fruit set, fruit retention percentage and minimum fruit drop were recorded in wider spacing (6× 6 m) and pruned trees. Maximum flower bud density, number of fruits/tree, fruit weight and fruit size, yield/tree were also observed maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) while yield per hectare (tonnes) was recorded maximum in closer spacing (5×2 m). Pruning was proved effective practice to increase the productivity during winter season. Fruit firmness, TSS, total sugar and ascorbic acid content of fruits was observed maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees during both the seasons, whereas acidity content found minimum in fruits harvested from wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees. Fruit firmness, TSS, total sugar and ascorbic acid content of fruits were found significantly higher in upper part of canopy as compared to middle and lower part of canopy during both the seasons. NPK content of leaf was observed maximum in wider spacing (6×6 m) and pruned trees. Thus 50% shoot pruning during April was found most effective practice to manage the microclimate factors, plant growth and increased the productivity of closer spacing trees (5×2 m) during winter season and improved the quality of fruits during both the seasons.
Open Access
Effect of nutrient, bulb size, spacing and planting method on flowering and yield of tuberose(Polianthes tuberosa L.)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Nain, Sheena; Beniwal, B.S.
The present investigation “Effect of nutrient, bulb size, spacing and planting method on flowering and yield of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)” cv. Prajwal was carried out at Experiment farm of Department of Horticulture during the year 2016-17 and at Botanical garden of Department of Plant Physiology, CCSHAU, Hisar during 2017-18. Two individual experiments were laid out. In first experiment, four levels of nitrogen (0, 10, 15, & 20 g/m2) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 5 and 10 g/m2 ) were applied, while in second experiment three bulb size (0.5-1.5, 1.5-2.5 and 2.5-3.5 cm), two levels of spacing (20×20 and 30×30 cm) and two planting method (flat bed and ridge) were applied. Both the experiments were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The observations were recorded on various growth, flowering and yield parameters. The Statistical analysis of data of first experiment revealed that better results in terms of growth, flowering, spike yield and bulb yield of tuberose were found when nitrogen @ 20g/m2 with phosphorus @ 10g/m2 was applied. In second experiment, large bulb size of diameter (2.5-3.5 cm) at wider spacing (30x30 cm) on ridge planting showed better results in terms of growth and flowering in tuberose, while large bulb size of diameter (2.5-3.5 cm) at closer spacing (20x20 cm) on ridge showed the better results in terms of plant height, spike per plot, spike per hectare and bulb yield during both the years of study.
Open Access
Studies on shelf life enhancement of Kinnow
(CCSHAU, 2018) Beniwal, Vivek; Godara, A.K.
The experiment entitled “Studies on shelf life enhancement of Kinnow” was conducted at farmer‟s field of district Sirsa, Haryana during the years 2015-16 and 2016-17 to enhance the shelf life of fruits by using pre-harvest application of fungicides and plant growth regulators and post-harvest treatments of different chemicals and salicylic acid. The pre-harvest treatments comprising six applications of fungicides and eight applications of plant growth regulators were laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. The post-harvest treatments comprising five applications of salicylic acid and five applications of different chemicals were laid out in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Mature Kinnow fruits of uniform size, bruise and disease free were harvested from all four sides of the Kinnow tree canopy with the help of secateurs. The Kinnow fruits were subjected to washing with chlorine solution (100ppm). The treated fruits were packed in Corrugated Fibre Board boxes with newspaper lining and each replication comprised of four kilogram fruits. The boxes were kept at an ambient temperature and relative humidity in the post-harvest laboratory. The physico-chemical changes in the fruit were recorded at harvest and after five days interval during storage. Spray schedules comprising Copper oxychloride (0.3%) and Carbendazim (0.1%) and Copper oxychloride (0.3%) and Thiophanate methyl (0.1%) proved significantly superior to rest of the fungicides treatments and control in controlling the post-harvest fruit decay. The microbial counts were found significantly lowest in Copper oxychloride (0.3%) and Carbendazim (0.1%) followed by Copper oxychloride (0.3%) and Mancozeb (0.2%) as compared to control. The quality parameters viz., total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, physiological loss in weight (PLW), total sugars, reducing sugars, fruit firmness and ascorbic acid were found non-significant with different fungicides treatments as compared to control. The fruits treated with Salicylic acid (3.0mmol/L) and Salicylic acid (2.5mmol/L) minimizes the PLW and decay loss and retains fruit firmness as compared to control. The microbial counts were found significantly lowest in Salicylic acid (3.0mmol/L) followed by Salicylic acid (2.5mmol/L) as compared to control under ambient storage condition. The quality parameters viz., TSS, acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars and ascorbic acid were found non-significant with different treatments as compared to control. Plant growth regulators exhibited significant effects on fruit quality of Kinnow fruits. Plant growth regulators viz., GA3 (20ppm) and Kinetin (25ppm) was more effective for prolonging the shelf life and minimizing the physiological loss in weight and decay loss of Kinnow fruits under ambient storage conditions. Plant growth regulators positively affect reducing sugar, acidity and fruit firmness except total soluble solids, ascorbic acid and juice content, but higher value was recorded in plant growth regulators treated fruits as compared to un-treated fruits. The fruits treated with Citrashine and Stafresh coatings significantly minimize the PLW and decay loss and retains the firmness, TSS, vitamin C and reducing sugar and total sugar as compared to control during the ambient storage. Hence, it can be visualized from the data that Citrashine and Stafresh coated fruits can be marketed for about 25 days under ambient storage condition.

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