Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 75

Open Access
Molecular diversity and stability analysis for seed yield and its components in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Panchta, Ravish; Pahuja, S.K.
Molecular diversity analysis was carried out to identify adaptable and stable genotypes of cluster bean for non-conventional season. A set of 25 cluster bean genotypes comprising released varieties and elite lines was evaluated under eight environments containing two locations Dry land research area Hisar and RRS Bawal. The experiment was conducted during summer and kharif seasons of years 2019 and 2020 in RBD with three replications. The sowing of summer crop was done during first week of March and kharif crop was sown between second fortnights of June to first week of July. In general, genotypes responded differently for various traits under different production systems. Morphological characterization of the genotypes was done based on eight qualitative characters. HG 6 was found shortest, early flowering and early maturing genotype. Seed yield per plot, number of cluster per plant and biological yield of HG 2-20 was found highest. Highest gum content was found in HG 3-52 while, HG75 was found least susceptible against bacterial leaf blight intensity. Clusters per plant, pods on main stem, pod length, branches per plant, biomass per plot, plant height, 100 seed weight and days to maturity towards seed yield while, ADF content, silica content and protein content towards BLB disease intensity were found to be important characters for cluster bean improvement. The G X E interaction was analyzed following two models i) Eberhart and Russell‘s (1966) and ii) AMMI (1997). The mean sum of squares due to genotype x environment interaction were significant for number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, pod length, number of branches per plant, harvest index, total clusters, protein content and seed yield per plot. Genotypes, RGC 1066 for seed yield per plot whereas, for gum content, HG 2-20, HG 870, HG 563, HG 365, HG 3-52, HG 6, HG 100, X-10, GG-1, RGC 1066, RGC 1033 were found suitable for all environments. Similarly, for low BLB intensity 17 genotypes were found suitable for all environments. According to AMMI biplot analysis, HG 100, RGC 1038, RGC 1066 and HG 870 for seed yield per plot; HG 870, HG 365, HG 100, X-10, GG-1, RGC 1066 and RGC 1033 for gum content and HG 870, HG 563, X-10, RGC 1055, RGC 1002 and RGS 3 were found stable with low BLB intensity were found suitable for general adaptation to all the environments. Markers used in the present investigation were moderately informative. Most of the important cultivated varieties were grouped into a cluster indicating important cultivars in cluster bean have a high level of genetic similarity and have a narrow genetic base.
Open Access
Genome wide association mapping for stem water soluble carbohydrates in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under terminal water stress
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11-26) Gaur, Arpit; Jindal, Yogesh
Genomic assisted breeding is one way to improve drought stress tolerance in wheat. To uncover the genomic regions for grain yield, its attributing traits, water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and its components mainly fructans, a comprehensive multidisciplinary study was conducted with a diverse set of 302 bread wheat genotypes. All the genotypes were evaluated under complete irrigation, rainfed and complete water stressed condition for two consecutive crop seasons at three locations (Hisar, Karnal and Baramati). The study indicated significant effect of different water regimes and locations on the expression of traits and as much as 80% of yield reduction was reported under DT. Seven promising drought tolerant verities were identified on the basis of drought susceptibility index. In this study, correlation between yield and studied traits largely varied with environmental and water conditions. However, shorter plant height, longer grain filling duration, days to heading, thousand kernel weight (35-40 g) is the most favorable trait combination for obtaining high grain yield under studied conditions. Positive correlation of WSCs with grain yield was reported only for drought tolerant genotypes. High values of all the genetic components were reported for all the traits within environments, however in pooled over management these values ranged between low to moderate for most of the studied traits due to genotype x environment. Traits like plant height, peduncle length, spikelet per spike and thousand kernel weight were least influenced with genotype x environment interaction thus found suitable for selection of grain yield. Substantial genetic diversity was reported in the studied material which was attributed by each of the studied trait equally. With 35K Axiom array and applying compressed mixed linear model, 431 stable SNPs were identified for 20 studied traits in 1288986.92 cM genomic region of bread wheat. These SNPs explained ca. 30-53% of phenotypic variations. Of 431 stable SNPs 77 were showing pleiotropy for various traits. Five SNPs (AX-94583229, AX-94879209, AX-94759517, AX-94887053 and AX-94964616) for fructans and total non-structural carbohydrates, three (AX-94508292, AX-95257620 and AX-94456473) for days to heading and one (AX-94412521) for plant height were most significant. In functional analysis of significant SNPs, 249 genes were identified which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism and repair mechanism. Only few were reported with direct involvement in stress responses. In an in silco study 104 genes (TaFruc) transcribing into stable protein associated with fructans metabolism were identified. All of these were involved in either hydrolase or transferase activities of glycosyl groups of soluble sugars. These genes were found expressive under different stress conditions, mainly water stress. To facilitate the future breeding programs a total of 189 SSR molecular markers and 60 micro RNAs have been predicted successfully for TaFruc genes.
Open Access
AMMI and GGE Biplot analyses to comprehend genotype × environment interactions in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-10) Samita; Yadav, Rajesh
Twenty four mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes were evaluated over 12 environments to comprehend the basis of adaptive response for yield and its components in different environments using AMMI model and to find the association between genotypes, traits and trait x environment interactions using the GGE biplot technique. Significant variations were observed for environment, genotype and G x E interaction (GEI) for all the traits across all the environments. High GCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for seed yield, 100-seed weight, harvest index and biological yield suggested that direct selection would rewarding for improvement of mungbean genotypes for these traits. Estimates of correlation and path coefficients revealed that seed yield per plot is significantly contributed by the biological yield, harvest index and 100-seed weight. Stability model of Eberhart and Russel (1966) identified the genotypes MH 1801, MH 1830, MH 1871 and MH 1874 as most stable for seed yield and MH 1431 for early maturity. High magnitude of variation due to GEI for all the traits across all the environments through AMMI analysis indicated considerable variable response of GEI toward the tested genotypes. AMMI analysis further indicated that summer season of Hisar and both seasons of Karnal (Uchani) could be considered as favorable environments while, both seasons of Sirsa as unfavorable environments for seed yield, harvest index and number of pod and overall, the summer season could be considered as favorable for seed weight. the genotypes viz., MH 1801, MH 421, MH 1850, MH 1142, MH 1890, MH 318 and MH 1772 were found high yielding and broadly adaptable to all the environments on the basis of AMMI analysis. The genotype selection index of AMMI analysis confirmed genotypes MH 1890, MH 1772, MH 1801, MH 1850, MH 1762 and MH 1142 as highly stabile for higher seed yield and more number of pods. The GGE biplot depicted that the genotypes MH 1772, MH 1890, MH 1801, MH 1830, MH 1831, MH 318 and MH 18-100 were most stable across all environments for high seed yield and more number of pods while the genotypes MH 1314, MH 318, MH 1801, MH 421 and MH 1890 divulged stability for early maturity. The GGE biplot portrayed environment E9 (SuS21) and E4 (KhS20) as „ideal‟ test environments for seed yield, number of pods and number of branches; E12 (KhK21) for harvest index and E1 (SuH20) for seed weight, number of seeds and early flowering and maturity, to identify the desirable genotypes with maximum stability. On the basis of Multi-trait stability index, the genotypes MH 1703, MH 1830, MH 1142 and MH 1871were found most stable across the environments.
Open Access
Heterosis, combining ability, grain yield and quality studies in Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-09) Mahanthesha M; Pahuja, S.K.
The present investigation “Heterosis, combining ability, grain yield and quality studies in Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)” was carried out for experiment-1, involving 75 F1 hybrids derived from five lines viz.,81A1, 81A4, 81A5,ICMA 04888 and HMS 54A and fifteen testers viz., AC 04/13, 77/29-2, HTP 92/35, H 90/4-5, 99 HS-23, A4RL/13-119, H 1305, A5RL-10-203, A5R-08-108, HBL-11, HB 15/085, ISK 51, 78/711, EBL12/237 and SGP-10-107 in line × tester design generated at Bajra Section, Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during Kharif, 2018. These 75 F1 hybrids along with 20 parents and with one check namely, HHB 67 Improved were evaluated for heterosis, combining ability, correlation and path co-efficient analysis for grain yield and other quantitative characters during Kharif, 2019 under three environments viz., Bajra Section, Dryland and RRS, Bawal. For experiment-2, 30 genotypes were evaluated for popping quality at Bajra Section, Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during Kharif, 2018. Analysis of variance for genotypes revealed significant difference among for all the characters studied. The pooled analysis of variance for combining ability revealed highly significant differences due to environments, replications × environments, hybrids and their interactions indicating the existence of wider variability in the present study. Combining ability analysis over environments revealed that among the parents viz.,ICMA 0488, 81A5, 99 HS-23 and A5R-08-108 were identified as the best parents with positive gca effects and per se performance and based on mean performance and sca effects, the hybrids viz., ICMA 04888 × A5R-08-108, 81A4× 77/29-2, ICMA 04888 × H 90/4-5 and 81A4 × A4RL/13-119 were identified as promising hybrids for grain yield and other quantitative characters. Hence, the above good specific combiners could be recommended for heterosis breeding. Based on the mean performance, combining ability, relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis the hybrids viz., ICMA 04888 × H 90/4-5 and ICMA 04888 × A5R-08-108 were identified as the best hybrids over environments. Keeping in view of the above facts, by considering mean performance, sca effect, standard heterosis, relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis, the most promising hybrid identified was ICMA 04888 × A5R-08-108. The hybrid may be further tested over locations, seasons and years before recommending for commercial release. Path co-efficient analysis revealed direct effect for dry fodder yield per plot showed positive and significant and strong association with grain yield per plot. Based on the results of popping quality, it can be concluded that higher popping yield genotypes are more preferable.
Open Access
Transcriptomics studies in bread wheat under terminal heat stress
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-12) Kavita; Mukesh Kumar
In the present investigation 50 wheat genotypes were sown with two replications in a randomized complete block design (RBD) at the experimental area of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar, during Rabi seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 under normal and late sown conditions. Combined ANOVA showed that all traits had high level of genotypic variations among all the genotypes under both conditions. Highest heritability was shown by days to anthesis under both conditions while high GCV, PCV and genetic advance as percent mean were high for relative stress injury and chlorophyll stability index under normal and late sown conditions, respectively. Biochemical parameters and heat stress indices were used to screen out heat tolerant genotypes. Grain yield per plot exhibited positive and highly significant correlation with membrane stability index, chlorophyll stability index and all yield contributing traits under both conditions. Correlation among heat stress indices exhibited that grain yield per plot under both conditions is positively correlated with stress tolerance index, yield index, mean productivity, geometric mean and harmonic mean. Path analysis showed that harvest index and biological yield per plot had highly positive direct effects on grain yield per plot under both conditions. The principal component analysis for morpho-physiological traits under normal and late sown conditions and heat stress indices depicted that the first four, three and two components reflected more than 78%, 76% and 97% of the total variance, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into 7 and 5 clusters, most divergent clusters were IV and VI, II and V under normal and late sown conditions, respectively. UPGMA cluster tree analysis divided genotypes into two clusters and also confirmed that sufficient variability is present among genotypes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under control and heat stress conditions were identified in both genotypes (WH-730 and WH-1184). These DEGs were utilised to set up a subsequent unigene assembly and GO analysis was done using unigenes to analyze functions of DEGs which classified into three main domains; biological process, cellular component and molecular function. KEGG ontology was used to visualize the physiological processes or to identify KEGG pathways that provide plants their ability to shield in adverse conditions of heat stress. From KEGG ontology it was reported that the gene encoded enzyme (peroxidase) of KEGG pathway was upregulated in WH-730 while downregulated in WH-1184.
Open Access
Stability analysis of genotypes with concern to yield performance and quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-08) Ibrahim Hassani; Somveer
The present investigation entitled, "Stability analysis of genotypes with concern to yield performance and quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)" was carried out in in RBD using 54 bread wheat genotypes at research farm of Genetic & Plant Breeding Deptt. College of Agriculture, CCS HAU Hisar, Haryana (India) during Rabi 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 and research farm of Agricultural Research Institute of Afghanistan in Kabul during 2020 and 2021 in spring season. Observations were recorded for morphological characters viz., Days to heading, Days to maturity, Number of effective tillers per m-2 and Quality characters viz., Sedimentation value (ml), Hectolitre weight (kg/ ha), Grain density, Grain hardness, Gluten content (%), Crude protein content (%), β-carotene (ppm), Fe content (ppm), Zn content (ppm), Copper content (ppm), Magnesium content (ppm), Total Soluble Sugar (ppm). Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for most of the characters suggesting sufficient amount of variability in the experimental material under study. The analysis of variance for all the morphological and quality characters was carried out to partition the total variance into variance due to genotypes and other sources, which revealed that all the mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits under study under all environmental conditions, which indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes for these traits. GCV and PCV study revealed the grain yield was significantly correlated with effective tiller m-2, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grain per spike, biological yield and harvest index. The path coefficient analysis revealed that the maximum positive direct effect on grain yield was exerted by biological yield followed by harvest index and negative effect of spike length. The quality traits contributed to crude protein had high positive direct effect on grain yield and it was showed indirect positive effect through wet gluten, Fe, Cu and Mg. Stability analyses of variance showed significant differences for environments, genotypes and environment (linear). The genotypes EC 1075893 and EC 1075904 for days to maturity, EC 1075912 for effective tillers per square meter, EC 1075896 and 1075941 for spike length, Ec 1075907 and 1075928 for number of spikelets per spike, EC 1075925 for number of grains per spike, EC 1075909 and EC 1075917 for biological yield, EC 1075917 for harvest index EC 1075909 for grain yield have regression coefficient (bi) values close to unity and thus possessed fair stability and wider adaptation over different environment.
Open Access
Association Mapping of Seed Yield Related Traits in Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Versha; Yadav, Rajesh
The experimental material consisting of 80 released and advanced mungbean genotypes were evaluated for 30 morphological and yield traits during kharif and summer seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20 to ascertain genetic variability, correlations, genetic divergence and to detect loci controlling yield and yield attributes by association analysis. Significant amount of variability was observed for all the traits except stem pubescence, leaflet lobes, leaf shape, premature pod color, pod pubescence and seed color and the genotypes were characterized and categorized as per DUS guidelines. The narrow differences between PCV and GCV revealed that the existing variation was mainly due to the genetic factors indicating scope for selection. Most of the characters exhibited high heritability and low genetic advance indicating control of non additive gene action; therefore, intermating in early generations of the breeding programme will be helpful. Seed yield per plant was found positively associated with pod length, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod and negatively with yellow mosaic disease.The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the 80 mungbean genotypes in 10 clusters. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and IV followed by IV and IX and I and VI and Cluster II was found best for most of the traits. Stability analysis revealed differential response of genotypes to the environments. The estimates of environmental additive effects revealed E-4 (Summer, 2020) as the best for all the seed yield related traits and the genotypes MH 421, MH 1767, MH 318, MH 560, MH 1706 and MH 1452 were found stable for seed yield per plant. Out of 164 SSRs, 139 markers amplified with allele size between 100-310 bp and among these 89 were found polymorphic which generated 317 polymorphic alleles with an average of 3.562 alleles per SSR while the number of alleles at each locus varied from two to seven. Both the Weighted Neighbour Joining and Population Genetic Structure analyses categorized genotypes in a similar manner suggesting that all the advanced genotypes may have common ancestral history at some level. On the basis of pure and admixture model, sub population 1, 2 and 3 were found pure and SP-4 contained admixture. Polymorphic SSRs, used to estimate the average degree of Linkage Disequilibium (LD) present at the genome level in 80 mungbean genotypes, disclosed significant LD blocks. Over the four seasons, 38 markertrait associations were observed significant for seed yield related traits by GLM method and ten marker-trait associations were found significant for five seed yield related traits viz., days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, yellow mosaic disease and number of pods per plant by MLM method which indicated low phenotypic and genotypic variations in association mapping which may be due to low diversity among the genotypes and exploitation of less number of markers and genotypes in investigation.
Open Access
Morphological, biochemical and molecular diversity analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-02) Rathi, Meenakshi; Dahiya, G.S
The present investigation “Morphological, biochemical and molecular diversity analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” was carried out at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in kharif 2018-2019 and 2019-20 with the objective of estimating diversity of 150 genotypes of cotton. Variation among genotypes was present for hypocotyl pigmentation, pubescence on stem, stem pigmentation, leaf color, pigmentation of petiole, flower petal color, boll shape, prominence of tip, plant height, growth habit, seed index, ginning percentage, fiber length, fiber strength and fiber fineness. Analysis of variance revealed presence of variability for all the traits among the genotypes other than number of monopods and number of locules. GCV and PCV also shows that number of locules, days to first flower, ginning percentage and number of seeds per locules had low variability whereas as highest PCV and GCV values were possessed by number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield. Additive gene action was dominant in plant height, number of sympods per plant, boll weight, seed index, lint index, number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield per plant as high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was reported for these traits. Correlation studies showed that seed cotton yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with all the traits highest among them was of number of bolls per plant but days to first flower, number of locules per boll and fiber quality traits exhibited negative association with yield. Path analysis revealed that maximum contribution is from number of bolls per plant and boll weight. Genetic diversity analysis was done using 118 SSR markers out of which 26 were found polymorphic with average number of alleles as 2.1 per locus. UPGMA clustering analysis formed 13 groups of genotypes. The biochemical profiling of the genotypes showed variability among the genotypes. Weather affected biochemical parameters but gossypol remained unaffected. Seed cotton yield did not show any relation with biochemical parameters but was in negative association with CLCuD
Open Access
Quantitative and molecular characterization for heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell).
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-02) Anil Kumar; Dhanda, S.S
The present study was carried out to evaluate 96 advanced recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross WH 730 (heat tolerant) and WH 147 (higher yielder, heat susceptible) to find out physio-morphological traits and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with heat tolerance in bread wheat. The experiment was conducted in augmented design and randomized complete block design (RBD) during Rabi season of 2014- 15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all traits studied among the RILs. Medium to high values of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean for grain yield per plant, number of grains per spike,100-grain weight, biological yield, canopy temperature depression and cell membrane thermostability under either one or both environments over the years indicating a high scope of selection for these traits for heat tolerance. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with number of tillers per plant, harvest index, biological yield per plant, 100-grain weight, canopy temperature depression, cell membrane thermostability and osmotic potential, whereas negative and significantly correlated with days to heading and days to maturity under timely and late sown conditions over the years. Biological yield and harvest index had high direct and indirect effects on grain yield per plant over environment and years, indicating the true relationships with grain yield, in this set of material. Nine promising RILs namely RIL No.46, 22, 40, 43, 57, 19, 48, 81, 71 and 88, out of 96 were identified for the traits i.e., 100-grain weight, harvest index, grain yield, canopy temperature depression and cell membrane thermostability related to heat tolerance under heat stress condition. Two RILs 22 and 40 showing better performance over the environment and year. Twenty-six, out of 81 SSR markers used were found polymorphic in parental genotypes and in RILs. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) with significant phenotypic variation for number of spikelets per spike, spike length and biological yield per plant along with heat susceptibility index (HSI). QTL identified for biological yield per plant reported maximum phenotypic variation (50.0%) followed by spike length (46.37%) and number of spikelets per spike (12.59%).

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Search Results