Loading...
Theses
Browse
13 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic divergence and inter-relationship among yield and its component traits in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.](CCSHAU, 2017) Nguyen Ngoc Vu; Arya, Rajesh KumarThis investigation entitled “Studies on genetic divergence and inter-relationship among yield and its component traits in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]” was carried out at Directorate of Farms, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana, India) during Kharif season 2017. The observations were recorded on yield and its component traits to assess the genetic diversity and inter-relationship in 30 cowpea genotypes. The genotype PL-3 was found highest seed yielding (47.78g). The GCV and PCV were observed high for biological yield per plant, plant height, harvest index, number of clusters per plant, pod yield per plant, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, pod weight and days to 50% flowering. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for traits viz., biological yield per plant, plant height, harvest index, number of clusters per plant, seed yield per plant, pod yield per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of branches per plant, pod weight, days to 50% flowering, 100 seeds weight, number of seeds per pod, days to maturity and pod length. Seed yield per plant exhibited highest and positive significant phenotypic correlation with number of pod per plant, pod yield per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of branches per plant, number of pods per cluster, pod weight, number of seeds per pod and harvest index. Path analysis revealed harvest index, biological yield per plant, pod yield per plant, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant mainly directly contributed on seed yield per plant. This suggested that direct selection based on these traits would result in higher improving seed yield per plant. Based on Mahalanobis’s D2 analysis, the 30 cowpea genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The maximum intra-cluster average D2 value was shown by cluster V (19.85). The highest inter-cluster average D2 values was found between clusters III and VI (52.08), which showed that maximum genetic diversity is present between the genotypes of these two clusters. Therefore, the crossing between the genotypes of most divergence clusters i.e. III (KBC-8, GC 901, VCP 09-019, KBC-6, PTB- 1, UCP 12-007) and VI (TC 150) could be able to produce high seed yielding transgressive segregants.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability and correlation studies in fababean (Vicia faba L.)(CCSHAU, 2017) Dewangan, Narendra Kumar; Dahiya, G.S.The present investigation entitled “Genetic variability and correlation studies in fababean (Vicia faba L.)”, was carried out at the, Research area of MAP (Medicinal, Aromatic and Potential Crops) Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana, India) during Rabi 2015-16. The observations were recorded for different morphological characteristics and quantitative to assess the genetic diversity in 80 fababean genotypes. The observations were also recorded on 10 seed yield and its component traits for these genotypes to assess the genetic diversity. The GCV and PCV were observed highest for 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, number of branches per plant and number of clusters per plant but lowest for days to maturity. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant, indicated additive gene effects. Seed yield per plant had a positive and highly significant correlation with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight. Path cofficient analysis indicated that 100 seed weight had the highest direct and positive effect on seed yield per plant followed by number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, days to 50% flowering, number of branches per plant, plant height. The direct negative effects were observed for pod length, clusters per plant and days to maturity. The hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped 80 fababean genotypes into seven clusters. The highest intra-cluster distance which was observed in cluster VI followed by cluster VII, cluster II, cluster V, cluster I, cluster III and cluster IV. A maximum inter cluster distance showed between cluster VI and cluster I which means that maximum genetic diversity is present between the genotypes of these two clusters. On the basis of mean values and divergence 14 genotypes viz. EC-591828, EC-628922, EC-628929, EC-628940, EC-628955, EC-628957, ET-3104, ET-3128, ET-3131, ET-3160, ET-4105, ET-4107, HB-82 and HB-85 were identified as promising for various characters showed sufficient amount of genetic diversity for seed yield and its component traits which may be used in fababean breeding programmes for further improvement.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes for seed yield and other traits under rainfed conditions(CCSHAU, 2017) Manjeet; Verma, P.K.The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes for seed yield and other traits under rainfed conditions” was conducted during Kharif, 2016 to evaluate 24 genotypes of sesame to determine the magnitude of variability for various morphological and seed quality parameters as well as to study the character association between seed yield and its contributing traits. Analysis of variance revealed considerable amount of variability among genotypes for most of the characters under study. Among morphological traits, GCV & PCV were highest for seed yield per plant and harvest index. High to moderate heritability (broad sense) was recorded for most of the traits under study while high genetic advance as per cent of mean coupled with high heritability (broad sense) were observed for number of branches per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant. Seed yield per plant showed significant and positive correlation with number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000- seed weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index while standard germination showed significant and positive correlation with all the seed quality traits. Harvest index, biological yield per plant, number of seeds per capsule and number of capsules per plant had positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. So, combined results of correlation coefficient and path analysis revealed that number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, harvest index and biological yield per plant are major components of seed yield and shoot length, seedling length and seedling vigour index I are major components of standard germination.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of recombinant inbred lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) for agronomical traits and Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica) resistance(CCSHAU, 2017) Duong thi Lan Oanh; Dhanda, S.S.The present investigation was conducted to determine genetic diversity among the recombinant inbred lines for agronomical traits and Karnal bunt resistance in bread wheat. The experiment was conducted during crop season 2013-14 using 95 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from genotypes H567 (Karnal bunt resistant) and WH 542 (Karnal bunt susceptible).The RILs along with their parents were evaluated for Karnal bunt disease infection, agronomic traits, namely, plant height, number of tiller/plant, days to flowering, day of maturity, ear length, number of spikelets/ spike, number of grain/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, biomass/plant, harvest index and quality parameters, namely, hectoliter weight, protein content, gluten content and sedimentation value. The experimental material was evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications with a plot size of 1 rows of 3 m length. The results showed that coefficient of infection (CI) for Karnal bunt was the range from 0.00 to 17.8 %. Total of 71 RILs were highly resistant (0.00% infection), 9 were resistant (0-5%) infection and remaining were in the susceptible category. The mean squares due to genotypes indicated sufficient variation among the RILs for all the traits. High phenotypic coefficient of variation, high heritability and genetic advance was observed for grain yield and biomass/ plant, while, moderate phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance was observed for grains/ spike. The phenotypic correlation coefficients of grain yield per plant were significant positive for tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight, number of grain/ spike, spike length, spikelet‟s/ spike, biomass per plant, harvest index and negative with days to 50% heading. Principal component analysis showed that six factors were found significant to explain cumulatively 92.5% variation. The PC-1 was associated with number of grain per spike, spike length and spikelet per spike. PC-2 showed a strong and positive association with grain yield per plant, gluten content and harvest index. The diversity analysis revealed considerable divergence among the RILs. The RIL number 78, 69 and 76 were better for the grain yield and its components, while the RILs numbers 82, 81, 80, and 89 had high expression for other agronomic traits.ThesisItem Open Access Genotypic variability in wheat and triticale for grain yield and its components under normal and late sown conditions(CCSHAU, 2017) Suresh; Bishnoi, O.P.The objectives of present investigation were to determine the genetic variability, estimation of association between grain yield and its component traits and among themselves to find out the correlation with agro-meteorological parameters of 28 genotypes of wheat and triticale under two dates of sowing. Significant variability was observed among genotypes for all the traits under both the environments. Genotypes WH1105, WH1142, HD 3086, WHD 948 and TL 3004 have been found promising for grain yield under favorable environment. Grain yield per plant showed highly significantly and positive phenotypic correlation with biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. The path coefficient analysis revealed that Biological yield per plant registered the highest direct and positive effects on grain yield per plant followed by harvest index. Nutrient uptake and use efficiency was higher in triticale and synthetic wheat under late sown conditions. Triticale and synthetic have a low value of HSI showing its low susceptibility to elevated temperature which can be utilized in heat tolerance breeding programme.ThesisItem Open Access Character associations and genetic diversity in bread wheat using molecular markers(CCSHAU, 2017) Antim; Punia, M.S.The present investigation entitled, “Character associations and genetic diversity in bread wheat using molecular markers” was conducted during rabi 2015-16 to evaluate 167 bread wheat genotypes in order to determine variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation among the traits and path analysis along with genetic diversity analysis both at phenotypic and molecular level. The genotypes were also screened for yellow rust using modified Cobb’s scale. The experimental material was grown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications at Research Farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. All the genotypes showed enough genetic differences for fourteen characters, namely, days to heading, number of tiller per plant, flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf breadth (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), plant height (cm), ear length (cm), number of grains per ear, number of spikelets per ear, ear weight (g), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield/ plant (g), biological yield/ plant (g) and harvest index (%).The maximum value of genotypic as well as phenotypic coefficients of variation was observed for grains per ear (17.16 %), (24.08), respectively. Number of tiller per plant, ear length, ear weight, grain yield per plant and biological per plant recorded high heritability along with high genetic advance which revealed the presence of additive gene effects indicating effectiveness of selection for these traits in wheat improvement. Number of tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight, ear weight, grain weight per ear, number of grains per ear, flag leaf area and ear length showed positive and significant correlation (both phenotypic and genotypic) with grain yield per plant. Nine traits showed direct effect towards grain yield per plant. Ward method based on Euclidean minimum distance divided 167 genotypes into twelve major clusters in such a way that genotypes within each cluster had smaller value than those between clusters. Highest intra-cluster distance was found in cluster IV (4.539) while Cluster II and cluster VIII showed maximum inter cluster distance (9.263). 167 genotypes were screened using modified Cobb’s Scale, out of which, 127 showed 0 % infection against yellow rust and maximum infection was observed in AL23, AL30 and PBW 343. Genotypes which showed 0% infection were resistant to yellow rust and could be utilized for breeding programme aimed toward disease resistance. Genetic diversity was studied at molecular level by using 29 SSR markers, out of which, 15 were found polymorphic, 4 were not amplified while ten were found monomorphic. Number of alleles ranged from 2-3 with an average of 2.47. PIC values of various SSR loci ranged from 0.131 (cfa 2164) to 0.673 (barc 146). Cluster tree analysis based on UPGMA following the software NTSYS PC led to grouping of 167 genotypes in 2 major clusters at 0.53 similarity index. Cluster I, which is biggest, comprised of 162 genotype while Cluster II comprised of only 5 genotypes. Precise information on the nature and degree of genetic variability and divergence present in studied wheat genotypes would help to select parents for evolving superior varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of elite Asiatic cotton lines (Gossypium arboreum L.) on the basis of DUS traits(CCSHAU, 2017) Sangwan, Suman; Sangwan, OmenderThe present investigation was carried out with the objective entitled Characterization of elite Asiatic cotton lines (Gossypium arboreum L.) on the basis of DUS traits” using forty elite genotypes of desi cotton. According to UPOV, DUS is a test procedure for descriptive assessment, morphological characterization and identification of a new variety suing morphological, biochemical, molecular and other characteristics. Various morphological descriptors were used in this investigation as per DUS guidelines and observations were recorded on their basis. Significant mean sum of square indicated presence of sufficient variations among the genotypes. Plant height, number of monopods, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint index, seed index and seed cotton yield had high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as % of mean. High GCV reveals that variability present in a population is of heritable nature and selection will be easy and effective while large difference between PCV and GCV suggest that trait is influenced by environmental factor to a greater extent. Correlation coefficient reveals that seed cotton yield was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, number of monopods, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint index, ginning out turn (%) and negatively correlated with days to 50% flowering, seed index and number of seeds per locule. Characterization of genotypes helps in further identification and improvement.ThesisItem Open Access Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of backcross generations for salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em.Thell)(CCSHAU, 2017) Sharma, Sudhir; Vikram SinghSoil salinity is a major abiotic stress having adverse effects on all growth stages of wheat. In present study, HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 derived F3, BC1F2 (initial salt stress) and BC2F1 (under and field conditions) generations were evaluated for various morpho-physiological traits. A total of 430 seeds out of 750 BC1F2 seeds (57.33%) and 456 out of 700 F3 seeds (65.14%) germinated under salt stress. In all the three generations, ample variation was observed for all traits under study. Biological yield per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, spike length and plant height showed positively significant correlation with grain yield per plant across the generations. Path analysis of all three generations revealed that biological yield and harvest index had high direct effect on grain yield per plant while other traits viz. number of effective tillers per plant, plant height and spike length had significant indirect effect on grain yield per plant through biological yield per plant and harvest index. Marker assisted selection was done for Nax loci; responsible for salt tolerance in wheat. Thirty-seven plants, comprising of 29 BC1F2, 2 F3 and 6 BC2F1 showed amplification for both Nax1 and Nax2 locus. SSR (33) were used to generate allelic profile of selected plants. Molecular analysis showed that average recurrent parent recovery in BC1F2, BC2F1 and F3 plants was 83.18, 81.82 and 86.24%, respectively. Cluster tree analysis showed that HD 2967 and Kharchia 65 were clustered separately and plants in all three generations were clustered near recurrent parent HD 2967. Nine plants selected on the basis of high yield and the presence of Nax loci viz. plant number 50, 11 and 39 of F3, 16, 68 and 95 of BC1F2, and 21, 16 and 11 of BC2F1were advanced in the next generation and will be further backcrossed with the recurrent parent HD 2967 to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability for morphophysiological traits and seed vigour parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori and Paol.)(CCSHAU, 2017) Puneet Kumar; Solanki, Y.P.S.The experiment was conducted with 60 genotypes of bread wheat. These genotypes were grown in RBD in three replications during Rabi 2016-17 at Research Area of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. To study the variability, genetic diversity, correlation and path analysis, data were recorded for yield and its component traits along with some seed vigour parameters viz., Days to 50% heading, days to anthesis, grain growth rate: 14, 21, 28 days (mg/gr/day), plant height (cm), number of effective tillers/meter, flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf width (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield per plot (g), biological yield/plot (g), harvest index (%), germination (%), seed density (g/cc), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), vigour index-I, vigour index-II and dehydrogenase activity (OD/g/ml). The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits indicating adequacy of material and the traits studied for further estimation of genetic variability parameters. High value of GCV and PCV was recorded for grain yield per plot, followed by biological yield and dehydrogenase activity, indicating greater amount of variability among the genotypes. Highest heritability was recorded for days to 50% heading, followed by seedling dry weight and days to anthesis. Highly significant and positive association was observed between grain yield and tillers per meter, plant height, number of grains per spike, spikelets per spike, flag leaf area, grain growth rate at 14, 21 and 28 days after anthesis, spike length, 1000 grains weight, biological yield and harvest index. Germination (%) was positively and significantly correlated with seedling length, vigour index-I, and vigour index-II. The high direct effects was recorded for biological yield, harvest index, flag leaf breadth, number of effective tillers per meter, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, dehydrogenase activity and 1000 grain weight, in order. Cluster analysis (Wards minimum) grouped 60 genotypes into 8 clusters with variable number of genotypes which further indicated the presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity in the material. The intracluster distance was recorded maximum for cluster VIII and inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters III vs. VIII. Based on cluster mean, cluster III and IV were considered most desirable for selecting parents for carrying out hybridization programme in wheat crop.