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20173
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Subject: Farm, Machinery and Power × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of multi row self-propelled rotary weeder for narrow spaced crops
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Gatkal Narayan Raosaheb; Vijaya Rani
    Farm mechanization is one of the most important elements of modernization of agriculture. In India, weeding is mostly done manually, which is time consuming and labour-intensive. Due to labour shortage for weeding operation farmers most of times experiences heavy loss. In developed countries like USA, Australia, China weeding operations are done with machine. Thus, this study undertaken to development of multi row selfpropelled rotary weeder for narrow spaced crops. The developed rotary weeder consists of engine, main frame, rotary unit, J type blade, handle and tyre. Power was transmitted from engine shaft to 1st intermediate shaft through v belt and from 1st intermediate shaft to 2nd intermediate shaft through chain sprocket system and from 2nd intermediate shaft to rotor shaft through chain and sprockets. It was evaluated under the operating parameters viz two blade length 195 mm and 180 mm, three rotary speed 330 rpm, 360 rpm and 390 rpm, three forward speed 1.6 km h-1, 1.8 km h-1, 2 km h-1. The optimized machine variable obtained for developed rotary weeder were blade length 180 mm, rotary speed 360 rpm and forward speed 1.6 km h-1. The weeding efficiency, field efficiency and plant damage were 80.12 %, 67.96 % and 1.2 %, respectively at optimum machine variable. Effective field capacity of weeder was 0.95 ha h-1. The labour requirement in man-h ha-1 with weeder and manual harvesting was 11.11 and 160 respectively. The cost of operation was 1736.49 Rs ha-1. It can be operated with 5 horse power engine. It saved time and cost of operation 44.45 % and 75.41 % respectively in comparison to manual method of weeding. The break-even point was 91.84 hours. The payback period was 1.18 years.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Alternate tillage and crop establishment methods for sustainable paddy cultivation
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Pannu, Rahul Singh; Vijaya Rani
    Rice (oryaza sativa L.) is one of the important cereal crops for food security in India, it is cultivated on an area of about 45 mha, with a production of 90 mt. Conventional rice transplanting is highly labour intensive. The problem is further intensified with timely unavailability of labour and increasing labour wages. The potential solutions include a shift from intensive tillage to no tillage and/or from manual transplanting to mechanical transplanting or dry direct–seeding of rice. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate different tillage and crop establishment methods in paddy for their effects on crop productivity, water use efficiency, energy and economics in rice cultivation. The different treatments were direct seeded rice (DSR) both dry and vattar, transplanting by mechanical transplanter in unpuddled condition (UN-MTR) and manual transplanting in puddle condition in both laser and planker levelled field. Grain yield of UN-MTR was significantly (4 to11 per cent) higher than all other treatments in both laser leveled and planker leveled field of the study. The unpuddled mechanical transplanting condition consumes 2 per cent more water and DSR (dry and vattar) consumes 2 to 4 per cent less water as compare to manual transplanting. DSR (dry and vattar) field conditions required 3 per cent more labour and unpuddled mechanical transplanting field conditions save 34 per cent labour in comparison to manual transplanting. The output: input energy obtained for unpuddled mechanical transplanting (5.39) followed by manual transplanting (4.90), DSR dry (4.93), and DSR vattar (4.78). In case of planker levelled field the output: input energy for unpuddled mechanical transplanting was 5.30 followed by manual transplanting (4.98), DSR dry (4.88), and in DSR vattar (4.69). The B:C ratio in unpuddled mechanical transplanting was 1.23 followed by manual transplanting (1.09), DSR dry (1.05) and DSR vattar (1.03) in laser levelled field.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Design, development and evaluation of potato cum sugarcane bud planter
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Jaideep; S. Mukesh
    Generally planting of any crop is very much important as far as the crop growth and yield is concerned. Sugarcane and potato planting is a very labour intensive job and involves considerable human drudgery. India stands second in sugarcane production in the world next to Brazil. In case of potato, India is third largest potato producing country. Manual method of seed planting results in high labour cost and poor depth control of seed placement in addition to fatigue. The high cost of seeds of high yielding crops is a critical component in agriculture and its efficiency determines the overall agricultural productivity. Thus, this study was undertaken to design, develop and evaluate a planter which can plant both sugarcane and potato crop. The developed potato cum sugarcane planter consisted of seed metering unit (cup-belt having cups on belt periphery), main frame, furrow openers, ground wheel for power transmission, ridgers and depth control wheels. The planter was evaluated at different combinations of forward speed and seed hopper level. At forward speed of 3.20 km/h in sugarcane crop and at 3.00 km/h in potato crop coupled with more than half hopper level, planter gave desired performance. Effective field capacity of the planter was 0.47 and 0.49 ha/h for potato and sugarcane crop, respectively with field efficiency of 75 %. The results obtained from the experiment indicated that the forward speed and seed hopper level significantly influenced the missing and multiple index. When the forward speed of planter was increased, the missing index also increased whereas multiple index decreased, significantly. The draft requirement of the planter was 450 kgf in sugarcane planting and 435 kgf in potato planting. Planting of sugarcane buds and potato tubers by developed planter resulted into net saving of Rs. 6433 and Rs. 5141 per hectare in sugarcane and potato crop, respectively as compared to manual planting. The payback period and benefit cost ratio of the planter was 2.06 and 0.60 year, respectively. The labour requirement for the developed planter was 3 man-hours per hectare for both sugarcane and potato planting.