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2004 - 20064
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Subject: Family Resource Management × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2003 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Socio-cultural status of elderly women in rural setting in hisar District
    (CCSHAU, 2004) Sharma, Veena; Kiran Singh
    The present study was conducted in four villages of Hisar district of Haryana state. The total sample size was 300 respondents; seventy-five from each village. The study was conducted on elderly female above the age of 55 years, living in different living arrangement. A pre-tested interview schedule was used for data collection. The study revealed four type of living arrangement commonly existed among elderly female and those were, living alone, living with spouse, living with family and living with family without spouse. Majority of the respondents (45.67%) were residing with whole family, that is with spouse and children. They were getting financial support by their children (77.67%) residing with them and only 48.33 per cent were getting pension. Among different living arrangement, majority of the elderly, who were living alone (63.33%) “dislike to live with their daughter’s family”, where as 66.66 per cent of elderly, living with spouse ‘to prevent conflict with daughter-in-law”. “To share the feelings and knowledge with the family members” was the reason given by the majority of elderly living with family (80.02%) and “need affectionate care during old age” was the reason of majority of elderly widow to live with children (77.54%). Majority of the elderly women had monthly income upto Rs. 700/-, whereas 96.67 per cent of them were landless large proportion of elderly female (63.67%) were found to be in medium health status category. The common disease reported by the elderly was cough and cold (90.0%). In case of type of sleep 30.33 per cent of elderly female was suffering from disturbed sleep and majority of them were living alone. The elderly female (56.67%) were participating in domestic activities and their free time was spent in chatting (63.0%) with their age-mates. To live a happy married life was the goal framed by elderly women (51.67%) in their earlier days of life which changed to healthy living (78.67%); and religious believes was the value of majority of elderly female (47.33%). Their involvement in decision making was mostly in genuine problems only (42.67%). Life satisfaction in relation to health, socio-economic and psychological status was interrelated and associated with age, living arrangement and marital status. Social satisfaction was found to be associated with living arrangement, (2 = 5.53), age (2 = 4.56), economic satisfaction (2 = 13.67) and psychological satisfaction (2 = 36.94). Health status was found to be associated with living arrangement (2 = 52.63), social satisfaction (2 = 30.67), age (2 = 25.42), economic status (2 = 36.19) and psychological satisfaction (2 = 32.31). Economic status was found to be associated with age (2 = 33.75), marital status (2 = 53.21), living arrangement (2 = 19.49).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Adoption of selected sanitation technologies in rural families - An action research
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Gangwar, Sushma; Sehgal, Binoo
    To study the household sanitation problems in rural families, the present investigation was carried out in ‘Dahima’ and ‘Bherian’ village of Hisar district of Haryana State with the following objectives : To study the existing health and sanitation conditions of selected rural families, to impart knowledge and introduce selected sanitation technologies viz. soakage pit and vermicomposting in the selected families and to analyze the acceptability and constraints in adoption of selected technologies. The requisite information was collected from 100 rural women respondents (50 from each village) selected by simple random sampling techniques out of 100 respondents, 45 respondents showed interest and came forward for attending trainings and gaining knowledge on the two technologies. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the 100 respondents (46.0%) were 29-39 years old, belonged to nuclear family (72.0%), had 3-5 members in their family (59.0%), belonged to low caste (47.0%), were illiterate (75.0%), had farming as their main family occupation (45.0%), had low mass media exposure (68.0%) and had nil social participation (89.0%). Existing sanitary conditions of the respondents’ families were not found satisfactory. Most of them were living in unhygienic conditions and followed unhygienic practices. Lecture-cum-method demonstration and posters were used to educate them on selected sanitation technologies viz. vermi-composting and soakage pit. There was significant gain in knowledge and change in attitude at the post exposure stage for the two technologies which was studied on the 45 respondents. Actual adoption was found low (10 families adopted each technology), while acceptability was found to be of medium level for both technologies. Economic, socio-cultural, technological, situational and time related constraints / reasons were observed to be the main constraints / reasons in acceptance of the two technologies.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ergonomic evaluation of strenuous household activity performed by rural women
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Kalra, Vibha; Sangwan, Veena
    The present study “Ergonomic evaluation of strenuous household activity on rural women” was conducted in three villages of Hisar district. A total of 120 respondents were selected (40 from each village) randomly for studying their work pattern in household, dairy and farm activities. Of all the household activities, one strenuous activity was selected on the basis of various parameters like time spent, perceived exertion and liked/disliked activity by the respondents. Out of 120 respondents, 30 respondents were selected purposively for evaluation of ergonomic parameters in selected activity. On the basis of results, an improved tool was developed to reduce the drudgery of homemaker in selected activity and ergonomic parameters were again studied to know its suitability. The survey revealed that majority of the respondents were between the age group of 20-40 years of age, illiterate, having family size between 4-6 members belonging to nuclear type family with cultivation as family occupation. Regarding household activities on an average maximum time was spent on plastering of floor (44.8 min) and perceived exertion was maximum for making chapati (3.8). Under dairy activities time spent was observed to be maximum for bathing the animals (84.9 min). Most disliked activity was cleaning the shed. Drudgery index was found to be maximum for chapati making (86.7%) and hence this activity was selected for ergonomic evaluation Respondents selected for ergonomic evaluation were having mean age of 32.1 years with a mean body weight of 158.2 cm. Maximum number of respondents fall under category of normal body mass index (53.0%) and more than half of the respondents (57.0%) were having mesomorph body type. Physical workload of women for chapati making was graded as moderately heavy whereas, improved method made the activity as light. Angle of deviation was maximum for cervical region i.e. 30 but with the use of improved method it was reduced from 1.6 per cent to 0.05 per cent in cervical region. Very severe to severe pain was reported by the respondents in low back, calf muscles and upper leg. Improved method resulted reduction in almost all the body parts. Hence improved method played a important role in reducing the drudgery of women in chapati making.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation and acceptability of domestic water- purification techniques in rural areas
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Kuchhal, Chinu; Mehta, Manju
    Water is most abundant available resource on this planet, yet it is fast becoming the most scarce resource for human use. A large proportion of the world’s people do not have access to microbiologically safe sources of water for drinking and other purposes. The present investigation was carried out in Ludas and Bhojraj village of Hisar district of Haryana state with the following objectives: To study the drinking water related hygienic practices prevailing in rural households, to evaluate the efficacy of common domestic water purification techniques and study the acceptability of selected water purification technique. The work was carried out in 3 phases. In I phase the requisite information was collected from 120 rural respondents (60 from each village) through well developed pre tested interview schedule, efficacy of selected water purification was evaluated under laboratory conditions (phase II) and acceptability of Solar Water Disinfection technique (SODIS) was judged in phase III. The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents (49.2%) were 20 to 35 years old, belonged to joint family (67.5%), with 6-10 members in their family (55.8%), belonged to middle caste (45.8%), were primary educated (37.5%), had farming as their main occupation (50.0%) and animal shed away from their houses (35.0%). Nearly one fourth of the households were without toilet and maximum distance between toilets and water sources was found up to 150 ft. only. Majority of respondents had medium mass media exposure (68.3%), problem of water stagnation in small quantity near their houses (56.7%) mainly due to improper disposal of household waste water in 86% cases. All the respondents used waterworks supplied water and stored drinking water in earthen pot. Regarding water related hygienic practices, knowledge level of respondents was found much higher than what they were practicing in actual. Diarrhoea was found most prevalent water related disease (68.3%) while typhoid as a least prevalent disease (14.2%). Sixty five respondents were using atleast one water purification technique. Among these maximum were boiling water only at the time of illness (82.1%), using muslin cloth to use stored water (44.4%), water purification tablets, alum, sedimentation and decantation was used for apparently uncleaned water (53.2%). Under laboratory experiment solar water disinfection (SODIS) was found to be best water purification technique as mean per cent reduction in coliforms count, E. coli and viable bacteria count was tremendous in SODIS treated water. Acceptability of SODIS was assessed after 30 days of use by the respondents. Maximum of the respondents revealed low symbolic adoption, willingness and change proneness (53.4%, 73.3% and 40.0% respectively), highly positive opinion (63.3%) and medium knowledge level and overall acceptability (56.7% and 66.7% respectively) towards SODIS technique. Although maximum of respondents were considering SODIS as a advantageous technique but ‘Water get heated’, ‘unable to meet requirement of whole family’, ‘don’t remove turbidity’, ‘require lot of time in purifying water’ were found as major constraints in adoption of SODIS technique.